Despite the continuous advancement of intelligent power substations, the terminal block components within equipment cabinet inspection work still often require loads of personnel. The repetitive ...documentary works not only lack efficiency but are also susceptible to inaccuracies introduced by substation personnel. To resolve the problem of lengthy, time-consuming inspections, a terminal block component detection and identification method is presented in this paper. The identification method is a multi-stage system that incorporates a streamlined version of You Only Look Once version 7 (YOLOv7), a fusion of YOLOv7 and differential binarization (DB), and the utilization of PaddleOCR. Firstly, the YOLOv7 Area-Oriented (YOLOv7-AO) model is developed to precisely locate the complete region of terminal blocks within substation scene images. The compact area extraction model rapidly cuts out the valid proportion of the input image. Furthermore, the DB segmentation head is integrated into the YOLOv7 model to effectively handle the densely arranged, irregularly shaped block components. To detect all the components within a target electrical cabinet of substation equipment, the YOLOv7 model with a differential binarization attention head (YOLOv7-DBAH) is proposed, integrating spatial and channel attention mechanisms. Finally, a general OCR algorithm is applied to the cropped-out instances after image distortion to match and record the component’s identity information. The experimental results show that the YOLOv7-AO model reaches high detection accuracy with good portability, gaining 4.45 times faster running speed. Moreover, the terminal block component detection results show that the YOLOv7-DBAH model achieves the highest evaluation metrics, increasing the F1-score from 0.83 to 0.89 and boosting the precision to over 0.91. The proposed method achieves the goal of terminal block component identification and can be applied in practical situations.
Objectives
To assess whether dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), using conventional computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging as a reference standard, is sufficiently accurate to ...differentiate intracerebral hemorrhage from contrast extravasation after endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke.
Methods
On January 20, 2021, we searched the PubMed Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. QUADAS-2 was used to assess the risk of bias and applicability. Meta-analyses were performed using a bivariate random-effects model. To explore sources of heterogeneity, meta-regression analyses were performed. Deeks’ funnel plot asymmetry test was used to assess publication bias.
Results
A total of 7 studies (269 patients, 269 focal areas) were included. The pooled mean sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of DECT in identifying intracerebral hemorrhage from contrast extravasation after mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke were 0.77 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29 to 0.96), 1 (95% CI 0.86 to 1), and 0.99 (95% CI 0.98 to 1), respectively. This evidence was of moderate certainty due to the risk of bias. Higgin’s
I
-squared for study heterogeneity was observed for the pooled sensitivity (
I
2
= 78.88%) and pooled specificity (
I
2
= 82.12%). Moreover, Deeks’ funnel plot asymmetry test revealed no publication bias (
p
= 0.38).
Conclusion
DECT shows excellent accuracy and specificity in differentiating intracerebral hemorrhage from contrast extravasation after endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke. Nevertheless, there was substantial and moderate heterogeneity among the studies. Future large-scale, prospective cohort studies are warranted to validate our findings.
Key Points
•
Dual-energy computed tomography shows excellent accuracy and specificity in differentiating intracerebral hemorrhage from contrast extravasation after endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke.
•
Via meta-regression analysis, we found various possible covariates, including the publication date, image analysis, index test time, time of follow-up imaging, and reference standard judgment, that had an important effect on the heterogeneity.
•
There were no concerns regarding applicability in any of the included studies.
Leaf surface fertilization with liquid fertilizer produced from amino acids constitutes a potentially important source of nitrogen and is important for plant production. However, few reports have ...focused on the plant growth promotion by novel liquid fertilizers created by new amino acid resources, let alone the influence on leaf microbiota. In this study, the effects of liquid fertilizer, created by amino acids hydrolyzed from animal hairs with or without the PGPR strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9, on crop yield and leaf microbiota were investigated. The results showed that leaves sprayed with amino acid liquid fertilizer (AA) and liquid biological fertilizer (AA9) persistently increased cowpea yields compared to the control amended with chemical fertilizer (CF). Fertilization with amino acid fertilizer showed no significant difference in microbial composition compared with the CF treatment; however, the introduction of functional microbes altered the microbial composition. Pearson correlation analysis, VPA analysis and SEM models all revealed that the amino acids liquid fertilizer application, but not the functional strain or the altered microbiota, performed as the direct driver attributing to yield enhancement. We conclude that leaf fertilization with a novel amino acid liquid fertilizer can greatly enhance the crop yield and that the addition of beneficial microbes may perform the role in further altering the composition of leaf microbiota.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Biogas slurry is a nutrient-rich secondary product of livestock feces digestion which is recycled as a crop plantation fertilizer and provides exogenous microbes to the soil. However, the effects of ...biogas slurry microbes on the soil resident community remain unknown. In this study, we examined the ecological consequences of long-term biogas slurry pulse on the soil resident community and found that it promoted crop yield and altered soil characteristics. The soil microbial ecosystem was altered as a result of organic amendments due to the exogenous input of microbes and nutrients. Nevertheless, the soil resident communities were highly resilient to long-term organic pulses, as evidenced by community diversity and composition. The two dominant bacterial species in biogas slurry were Sterolibacterium and Clostridium. Notably, the abundance of Clostridium in biogas slurry increased following long-term amendments, while other species such as GP1 and Subdivision3_genera_incertae_sedis decreased; which was consistent with the results of module-eigengene analysis. Long-term organic pulses shifted the balance of microbial community assembly from stochastic to deterministic processes. Overall, our findings indicated that organic pulses accompanied with bacterial invasion could be alleviated by the resilience of soil microbial communities, thereby emphasizing the importance of microbiota assemblage and network architecture.
Display omitted
•Biogas slurry increased rice yields, but also induced microbial disturbance.•Soil resident communities exhibit resilience rather than resistance to long-term biogas slurry pulse.•Long-term organic pulses facilitated deterministic processes in the resident community.•Clostridium, a biomarker species in biogas slurry, increased with the amendment time.
Soil microbiome manipulation can potentially reduce the use of pesticides by improving the ability of soils to resist or recover from pathogen infestation, thus generating natural suppressiveness. We ...simulated disturbance through soil fumigation and investigated how the subsequent application of bio-organic and organic amendments reshapes the taxonomic and functional potential of the soil microbiome to suppress the pathogens Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum in tomato monocultures. The use of organic amendment alone generated smaller shifts in bacterial and fungal community composition and no suppressiveness. Fumigation directly decreased F. oxysporum and induced drastic changes in the soil microbiome. This was further converted from a disease conducive to a suppressive soil microbiome due to the application of organic amendment, which affected the way the bacterial and fungal communities were reassembled. These direct and possibly indirect effects resulted in a highly efficient disease control rate, providing a promising strategy for the control of the diseases caused by multiple pathogens.
•Fumigation effectively controlled cucumber Fusarium wilt disease.•Fungal population significantly decreased after fumigation and harvest.•Abundance of Fusarium was significantly lower in treated ...soils after harvest.•Soil fumigation altered soil chemical properties.•Soil fumigation altered soil microflora in a cucumber monoculture system.
Fusarium wilt in cucumber results from continuous cropping and is a serious soil-borne fungal disease that threatens cucumber production around the world. The application of a novel fumigation agent based on ammonium bicarbonate to the soil as a strategy for controlling Fusarium wilt and its effects on soil microflora was investigated in a field with serious disease incidence in this study. Overall, the results showed that fumigation effectively controlled cucumber Fusarium wilt disease and significantly increased the total and mean cucumber fruit weight. Real-Time PCR results showed that the total bacterial and fungal numbers in the treatment (LAB) significantly decreased after fumigation and that significantly fewer fungi were observed after harvest (LABOF). The next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes using MiSeq platform showed that the soil bacterial and fungal community structures in the fumigation treatment were significantly different from the control without fumigation regardless after fumigation or harvest. Compared to the control, higher abundances of Gemmatimonadetes, Verrucomicrobia and Zygomycota, and lower abundance of Ascomycota were observed in the fumigated soils after fumigation and harvest. Furthermore, the abundances of Mortierella and Gp1 were significantly higher. Most importantly, the abundance of Fusarium, which includes the pathogen potentially responsible for cucumber Fusarium wilt disease, was significantly lower in the fumigated soils after harvest. Redundancy analysis showed that the fumigated soils were dominated by Ohtaekwangia, Gp6, and Gp4, which were related to the soil total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4–N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3–N) contents. In addition, Penicillium and Pseudaleuria fungi were dominant in the treatment and control, and the control was dominated by Fusarium. In conclusion, the observed disease suppression due to the novel ecological soil fumigation strategy may be attributed to general suppression resulting from altered soil properties, such as higher soil NH4–N, NO3–N and TON contents, and the alteration of the disturbed soil microflora in a cucumber monoculture system.
Soil organisms are affected by the presence of predatory protists. However, it remains poorly understood how predatory protists can affect plant disease incidence and how fertilization regimes can ...affect these interactions. Here, we characterise the rhizosphere bacteria, fungi and protists over eleven growing seasons of tomato planting under three fertilization regimes, i.e conventional, organic and bioorganic, and with different bacterial wilt disease incidence levels. We find that predatory protists are negatively associated with disease incidence, especially two ciliophoran Colpoda OTUs, and that bioorganic fertilization enhances the abundance of predatory protists. In glasshouse experiments we find that the predatory protist Colpoda influences disease incidence by directly consuming pathogens and indirectly increasing the presence of pathogen-suppressive microorganisms in the soil. Together, we demonstrate that predatory protists reduce bacterial wilt disease incidence in tomato plants via direct and indirect reductions of pathogens. Our study provides insights on the role that predatory protists play in plant disease, which could be used to design more sustainable agricultural practices.
Soil aggregates support diverse microbes due to heterogeneous micro-environment. A lot of researches have exhibited the difference of microbial composition and activity within different size soil ...aggregates, but the relative influences of these microbes and the mechanisms underlying their effects on plant health are still poorly understood. This study investigated the microbiomes within four soil aggregate fractions sampled from fields with different incidences of tomato bacterial wilt derived from three fertilization regimes (organic, bio-organic and chemical) and un-fertilized soil to decipher the mechanisms involved in disease suppression. A wet-sieving method was used to separate the aggregate fractions; Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to characterize the soil microbiomes in field experiment, and real-time qPCR analysis was used in lab cultivation experiment to quantify the number of pathogens. Organic fertilization (OF) and bio-organic fertilization (BF) significantly decreased disease incidences compared with the effects of treatments with chemical fertilizer (CF) and those without fertilizer (CK). The microbial composition was significantly different between fertilizations and aggregate fractions; particularly, the bacterial composition was significantly correlated with disease incidence. Different aggregate fractions contained disparate bacterial taxa correlated with disease incidence. Only in the microaggregate (Mi), the
Ralstonia
genus’ relative abundance showed a significant and positive correlation with disease incidence. The lab cultivation experiment demonstrated that after a spiking of
Ralstonia solanacearum
, whole soil and the Mi from BF-treated soil showed a significant higher resistance against pathogen invasion than those from CF-treated soil. The correlation between pathogen abundance and disease incidence in the field experiment and the higher resistance of Mi fraction against pathogen indicates that the microaggregates are the key fraction for suppressing tomato bacterial wilt in bio-organic fertilization practice, providing novel insight into the manipulation of the soil microbiome.
With the increasing environmental concerns, plug-in electric vehicles will eventually become the main transportation tools in future smart cities. As a key component and the main power source, ...lithium-ion batteries have been an important object of research studies. In order to efficiently control electric vehicle powertrains, the state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries must be accurately estimated by the battery management system. This paper aims to provide a more accurate dynamic SOC estimation method for lithium-ion batteries. A dynamic Thevenin model with variable parameters affected by the temperature and SOC is established to model the battery. An unscented Kalman particle filter (UPF) algorithm is proposed based on the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) algorithm and the particle filter (PF) algorithm to generate nonlinear particle filter according to the advantages and disadvantages of various commonly used filtering algorithms. The simulation results show that the unscented Kalman particle filter algorithm based on the dynamic Thevenin model can predict the SOC in real time and it also has strong robustness against noises.
Deploying edge computing nodes on the demand side can effectively reduce the pressure of data transmission and storage of the power network and improve the quality of electric power service. At ...present, the deployment location of edge nodes is mostly determined from the dimension of grid topology, and the service scope of nodes is defined by the grid method. The working process among nodes is independent. Therefore, the flexibility of the location and capacitydetermination of edge nodes is low, and it may cause waste of equipment computing resources.Therefore, an edge computing node deployment method considering task migration is proposed in this paper. Firstly, an edge computing architecture considering task migration is proposed based on the characteristics of edge devices and the spatial characteristics of residential areas. Secondly, feature data is formed according to spatial information and load characteristics of residential nodes. Then the number, address and service scope of nodes are determined by u
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