•Over 3 million pet records analysed showing differences in periodontal disease risk.•The majority of dogs diagnosed with periodontal disease weighed under 15 kg.•Risk factors include age, being ...overweight, and time since last scale and polish.•Highlights dogs most at risk on which diagnostic efforts should be focussed.
Despite periodontal disease (PD) being amongst the most common diagnoses in primary-care practice, the disease is generally underdiagnosed. However, the millions of clinical records generated by pet hospitals each year provide unique opportunities to generate insights about disease risk across large numbers of dogs. The objective of this study was to undertake a retrospective analysis of medical records to ascertain which sizes and breeds of dog are most frequently diagnosed with PD. Although data collection regarding PD was not consistent, it was assumed that the same inconsistencies in recording periodontal abnormalities were present across the range of bodyweight, breed categories and breeds.
Over 3 million medical records across 60 breeds of dogs visiting a chain of veterinary hospitals in the United States collected over a 5-year period were analysed. Statistical analysis of a subset of these records found that extra-small (<6.5 kg) breeds of dog were up to five times more likely to be diagnosed with PD than giant breeds (>25 kg) (P <0.0001). The majority of breeds most frequently diagnosed with PD were in the extra-small, small (6.5−9 kg) and medium-small (9−15 kg) breed size categories. Additional risk factors for PD diagnosis included age, being overweight and time since last scale and polish. Veterinarians should consider targeting client education about dental health, and diagnostic efforts, towards canine patients of the small-breed size categories and those with a higher risk of developing PD (e.g. overweight).
Abstract
The performance of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has rarely been evaluated against conventional sampling methods in deep ocean mesopelagic environments. We assessed the biodiversity ...patterns generated with eDNA and two co-located conventional methods, oblique midwater trawls and vertical multinets, to compare regional and sample-level diversity. We then assessed the concordance of ecological patterns across water column habitats and evaluated how DNA markers and the level of sampling effort influenced the inferred community. We found eDNA metabarcoding characterized regional diversity well, detecting more taxa while identifying similar ecological patterns as conventional samples. Within sampling locations, eDNA metabarcoding rarely detected taxa across more than one replicate. While more taxa were found in eDNA than oblique midwater trawls within sample stations, fewer were found compared to vertical multinets. Our simulations show greater eDNA sampling effort would improve concordance with conventional methods. We also observed that using taxonomic data from multiple markers generated ecological patterns most similar to those observed with conventional methods. Patterns observed with Exact Sequence Variants were more stable across markers suggesting they are more powerful for detecting change. eDNA metabarcoding is a valuable tool for identifying and monitoring biological hotspots but some methodological adjustments are recommended for deep ocean environments.
CD169
macrophages reside in lymph node (LN) and spleen and play an important role in the immune defense against pathogens. As resident macrophages, they are responsive to environmental cues to shape ...their tissue-specific identity. We have previously shown that LN CD169
macrophages require RANKL for formation of their niche and their differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that they are also dependent on direct lymphotoxin beta (LTβ) receptor (R) signaling. In the absence or the reduced expression of either RANK or LTβR, their differentiation is perturbed, generating myeloid cells expressing SIGN-R1 in LNs. Conditions of combined haploinsufficiencies of RANK and LTβR revealed that both receptors contribute equally to LN CD169
macrophage differentiation. In the spleen, the
-directed ablation of either receptor results in a selective loss of marginal metallophilic macrophages (MMMs). Using a RANKL reporter mouse, we identify splenic marginal zone stromal cells as a source of RANKL and demonstrate that it participates in MMM differentiation. The loss of MMMs had no effect on the splenic B cell compartments but compromised viral capture and the expansion of virus-specific CD8
T cells. Taken together, the data provide evidence that CD169
macrophage differentiation in LN and spleen requires dual signals from LTβR and RANK with implications for the immune response.
Laser plasma acceleration of electrons has progressed along with advances in laser technology. It is thus expected that the development in the near-future of multi-PW-class laser and facilities will ...enable a vast range of scientific opportunities for laser plasma acceleration research. On one hand, high peak powers can be used to explore the extremely high intensity regime of laser wakefield acceleration, producing for example large amounts of electrons in the GeV range or generating high energy photons. On the other hand, the available laser energy can be used in the quasi-linear regime to create accelerating fields in large volumes of plasma and study controlled acceleration in a plasma stage of externally injected relativistic particles, either electrons or positrons. In the frame of the Centre Interdisciplinaire de la Lumière EXtrême (CILEX), the Apollon-10P laser will deliver two beams at the 1PW and 10PW levels, in ultra-short (>15fs) pulses, to a target area dedicated to electron acceleration studies, such as the exploration of the non-linear regimes predicted theoretically, or multi-stage laser plasma acceleration.
Objective
Previous studies demonstrated that mequitazine produces mild sedation after single doses.
Its enantiomer, l-mequitazine, has a stronger potency for the H1 receptor. The aim of the current ...study was to assess the effects of l-mequitazine and mequitazine, alone and with alcohol, on driving.
Methods
Twenty-five healthy volunteers were treated with l-mequitazine 2.5, 5.0 and 10 mg, mequitazine 10 mg and placebo, alone and in combination with alcohol in a double-blind crossover design. Driving performance was assessed using the standardized highway driving test in normal traffic. Its primary measure is the Standard Deviation of the Lateral Position (SDLP). Secondary measures consisted of an auditory word learning test during driving, and subjective measures of driving performance.
Results
L-mequitazine 2.5 and 5.0 mg showed no effect on SDLP in the highway driving test, while SDLP significantly increased after l-mequitazine 10 mg (alone +1.59 cm; with alcohol +1.41 cm) and mequitazine 10 mg (with alcohol +1.17 cm). Alcohol significantly impaired all performance measures (SDLP +2.63 cm) but did not interact with the effects of treatment. Subjective measures indicated that participants were aware of the impairing effects of alcohol, but not of l-mequitazine and mequitazine.
Conclusion
L-mequitazine can be considered safe to drive in dosages of 2.5 and 5.0 mg. L-mequitazine 10 mg led to mild driving impairment. Alcohol impaired all performance measures and added to the effects of l-mequitazine and mequitazine.
Nanoparticles of tungsten and tungsten carbide have been prepared using solid-state chemistry methods. After the vapor phase impregnation of a tungsten hexachloride precursor on a carbon support, a ...temperature-programmed reduction/carburization was performed. Several parameters were investigated and the evolution of obtained samples was followed by XRD and TEM. The optimization of the reaction parameters led to the preparation of W, W2C and WC particles well dispersed on the support. WC phase however could not be obtained alone with less than 10nm mean size. This could be explained by the carburization mechanism and the carbon diffusion on the support.
Bright field picture of carbon-supported WC nanoparticles dispersed on the surface of the sample 1223K in 10% CH4/90% H2. Display omitted
► We aimed at the preparation of supported nanoparticulate tungsten derivatives. ► Several parameters were investigated. ► The evolution of obtained samples was followed by XRD and TEM. ► The optimal preparation led to W, W2C and WC particles dispersed on the support.
Deletion of murine Smn exon 7, the most frequent mutation found in spinal muscular atrophy, has been directed to either both satellite cells, the muscle progenitor cells and fused myotubes, or fused ...myotubes only. When satellite cells were mutated, mutant mice develop severe myopathic process, progressive motor paralysis, and early death at 1 mo of age (severe mutant). Impaired muscle regeneration of severe mutants correlated with defect of myogenic precursor cells both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, when satellite cells remained intact, mutant mice develop similar myopathic process but exhibit mild phenotype with median survival of 8 mo and motor performance similar to that of controls (mild mutant). High proportion of regenerating myofibers expressing SMN was observed in mild mutants compensating for progressive loss of mature myofibers within the first 6 mo of age. Then, in spite of normal contractile properties of myofibers, mild mutants develop reduction of muscle force and mass. Progressive decline of muscle regeneration process was no more able to counter-balance muscle degeneration leading to dramatic loss of myofibers. These data indicate that intact satellite cells remarkably improve the survival and motor performance of mutant mice suffering from chronic myopathy, and suggest a limited potential of satellite cells to regenerate skeletal muscle.
Abstract Workshops are an important part of the IFPA annual meeting as they allow for discussion of specialized topics. At IFPA meeting 2011 there were twelve themed workshops, three of which are ...summarized in this report. These workshops related to vascular systems and circulation in the mother, placenta and fetus, and were divided in to 1) angiogenic signaling and regulation of fetal endothelial function; 2) placental and fetal circulation and growth; 3) spiral artery remodeling.
Introduction Le diabète de type 2 est une pathologie chronique nécessitant une observance et une adhésion des patients, acteurs de leur prise en charge. Nous sommes confrontés à de nombreuses ...hospitalisations pour décompensation métabolique, parfois par arrêt complet du traitement. Nous avons regroupé les cas sur une année. Patients et méthodes Une recherche des patients DT2 hospitalisés entre 09/12 et 09/13 pour décompensation de diabète a été menée à l’aide des codes PMSI : E11.xx (Diabète sucré non insulinodépendant) en DP et Z911.1 (antécédents personnels de non observance d’un traitement médical et d’un régime) en DAS. Ont été exclus secondairement les découvertes de diabète, les DT1 et les décompensations sans arrêt de traitement clairement identifié. Résultats Sur 80 patients, 17 (21 %) ont été identifiés comme décompensation sur rupture thérapeutique totale. Age moyen 50,7 ans ± 12,1 30–70, 9 femmes 8 hommes, IMC moyen 30,1 ± 8,8 16,1–48,7, durée moyenne diabète 8,4 ± 5,9 ans 0,8–25 ; HbA1c moyenne 12,09 ± 1,59 9,8–16,5, 10 issus de l’immigration ; 8 vivaient en couple et 9 seuls ; 4 alcoolisme chronique, 2 antécédent de cancer traité, 1 barrière de la langue, 6 problèmes psychiatriques chroniques. Discussion Les patients sont jeunes, et le sex-ratio proche de 1, La distribution vaste de l’IMC reflète l’hétérogénéité des causes de diabète étiquetés DT2 par le PMSI (pancréatites chroniques). La durée d’évolution du diabète était presque toujours importante, excluant les arrêts de traitement rapidement après découverte (1), et le niveau de déséquilibre majeur. Plus 1/2 était issu de l’immigration, mais sans problème majeur de compréhension. Les problèmes psychiatriques chroniques étaient fréquents (1/3). Le principal biais réside dans la méthode d’identification des patients, une hétérogénéité probable du codage (4 médecins différents impliqués) ayant pu occasionner une perte de cas. Une approche prospective serait mieux indiquée, et pourrait être étendue au DT1.
Introduction Le syndrome d’insulinorésistance extrême de type B est lié à la présence d’anticorps dirigés contre le récepteur à l’insuline. La maladie se manifeste par un diabète insulinorésistant. ...Nous rapportons le cas d’un diagnostic de syndrome d’insulinorésistance extrême de type B. Observation Il s’agit d’une patiente âgée de 30 ans adressée aux urgences pour découverte de diabète HbA1c à 8 %, d’une hyperthyroïdie biologique et d’une neutropénie à 610/mm3 devant une syndrome cardinal. Une maladie de Basedow est diagnostiquée devant la positivité des anticorps anti-récepteur de la TSH. Devant des glycémies élevées, la patiente est mise insuline avec une dose totale > 3,5 UI kg/j. Devant cette insulinorésistance, les stigmates dysimmunitaires et les anticorps anti-GAD, anti-IA2 négatifs, la recherche d’anticorps anti-récepteur de l’insuline est revenue positive confirmant le syndrome d’insulinorésistance de type B. Une recherche de mutation du récepteur de l’insuline retrouve une mutation hétérozygote non décrite encore. La positivité des anticorps antinucléaires, SM, antigènes nucléaires solubles fait suspecter un lupus associé. Discussion Le syndrome d’insulinorésistance de type B est très rare et affecte les individus d’âge moyen, à prédominance féminine. Il doit être évoqué devant un diabète très insulinorésistant, un Acanthosis nigricans , des stigmates d’hyperandrogénie et dysimmunitaires (leucopénie, lupus…). Le diagnostic se fait sur la présence d’anticorps anti-récepteur de l’insuline. Des hypoglycémies paradoxales peuvent être observées. Chez notre patiente, la mutation du récepteur retrouvée ainsi que l’existence conjointe de deux anomalies liées au récepteur de l’insuline n’ont pas été décrites.
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