In a large study in 17 countries, an estimated sodium intake that was either higher or lower than the average estimated sodium intake was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. A ...higher-than-average potassium intake was associated with reduced risk.
Most of the global population consumes between 3.0 and 6.0 g of sodium per day (7.5 to 15.0 g of salt per day).
1
,
2
Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention recommend a maximum sodium intake of 1.5 to 2.4 g per day, but achieving this target will require a substantial change in diet for most people.
3
–
5
Although clinical trials have shown a reduction in blood pressure with a reduced sodium intake, to our knowledge, no large randomized trial has been conducted to document reductions in the risk of cardiovascular disease with low sodium intake.
6
Prospective cohort studies have shown inconsistent . . .
INTRODUCTION: Serum creatinine is estimated by several methods in different laboratories, having varying degrees of bias and imprecision, leading to different values across the laboratories with the ...same sample. To reduce the interlaboratory variations in creatinine assay, creatinine standardization program was established by the National Kidney Disease Education Program Laboratory Working Group and recommended that creatinine calibration should be done with material traceable to an Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) reference measurement procedure. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To compare the serum creatinine estimated by CRE (calibration nonstandardized IDMS with correction factor) and CRE2 (standardized to IDMS) method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital as a part of validation of CRE2 method. Two hundred samples were selected from individuals aged between 18 and 60 years with normal serum urea, creatinine, and electrolytes based on the CRE2 method. Further, the sample is estimated for serum creatinine by CRE method on the same instrument with a correction factor (Siemens Dimension RXL with LM). Descriptive statistics and Bland–Altman analysis were used to describe the population and check for agreement between the methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The average serum creatinine by CRE and CRE2 method was 0.803 mg/dl and 0.809 mg/dl, respectively. Bland–Altman plot shows a good agreement between the methods for serum creatinine with a mean bias of − 0.01 mg/dL for serum creatinine values ranging from 0.4 to 1.4 mg/dL.
Majority of automated instruments are validated and verified for serum and urine chemistry parameters. However, manufacturers do not provide performance verification for body fluids. Since body ...fluids such as ascitic, pleural, CSF, dialysate and pericardial fluid specimens form a part of testing panel for variety of analytes, it becomes important to verify/validate the performance of these fluids. The accreditation bodies that certify and accredit labs follow ISO 15189:2012 that states validation should be carried out whenever there is a deviation from stated procedure. The aim of this study was to establish performance characteristics for commonly requested analytes in body fluids. Left over samples were utilised for validation/verification of ten common analytes specific to each of the above-mentioned body fluids on Abbott Architect ci8222 integrated system. Performance characteristics that were verified are as follows: Imprecision, accuracy, reportable range, stability and interference. Assay imprecision for body fluid assays were comparable to imprecision obtained for serum. Accuracy was evaluated with recovery experiment after spiking the sample with a known concentration of substance. Reportable range was found to be comparable to serum parameters. Chemistry analytes for body fluid analytes was found to be stable for a period of 20 days at -20degrees C. It is mandatory for lab to establish validation/verification of body fluid assays for commonly requested analytes. This would improve the reliability of the testing system.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Although 24-h urinary measure to estimate sodium and potassium excretion is the gold standard, it is not practical for large studies. We compared estimates of 24-h sodium ...and potassium excretion from a single morning fasting urine (MFU) using three different formulae in healthy individuals.
METHODS:We studied 1083 individuals aged 35–70 years from the general population in 11 countries. A 24-h urine and MFU specimen were obtained from each individual. A subset of 448 individuals repeated the measures after 30–90 days. The Kawasaki, Tanaka, and INTERSALT formulae were used to estimate urinary excretion from a MFU specimen.
RESULTS:The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between estimated and measured sodium excretion was higher with Kawasaki (0.71; 95% confidence interval, CI0.65–0.76) compared with INTERSALT (0.49; 95% CI0.29–0.62) and Tanaka (0.54; 95% CI0.42–0.62) formulae (P <0.001). For potassium, the ICC was higher with the Kawasaki (0.55; 95% CI0.31–0.69) than the Tanaka (0.36; 95% CI−0.07 to 0.60; P <0.05) formula (no INTERSALT formula exists for potassium). The degree of bias (vs. the 24-h urine) for sodium was smaller with Kawasaki (+313 mg/day; 95% CI+182 to +444) compared with INTERSALT (−872 mg/day; 95% CI−728 to −1016) and Tanaka (−548 mg/day; 95% CI−408 to −688) formulae (P <0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively). Similarly for potassium, the Kawasaki formula provided the best agreement and least bias. Blood pressure correlated most closely and similarly with the 24-h and Kawasaki estimates for sodium compared with the other two formulae.
CONCLUSION:In a diverse population, the Kawasaki formula is the most valid and least biased method of estimating 24-h sodium excretion from a single MFU and is suitable for population studies.
Background: Phlebotomy or drawing of blood sample is one of the initial steps in processing of samples for various investigations of the patients in clinical laboratory. The sample for various ...investigation has to follow certain protocol or order of blood draw into different vacutainers by phlebotomist or the clinical person drawing the blood to avoid errors in test results. Hence awareness of order of blood draw among them is very essential.Methods: It is a cross sectional and observational study. Based on CLSI H3-A6 (clinical and laboratory standards institute) guidelines, a questionnaire consisting of 13 multiple choice questions was prepared after validation and distributed amongst the nurses, who were on duty during the study. The answers to the questionnaire were analysed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics was done for all the data collected.Results: Total 120 nurses participated in this study in a tertiary care hospital. Nurses who were able to identify Color of the vacutainer with respective to additives (90%), correct order of draw (52%), volume of blood sample collected in vacutainer (62.9%), sample collected directly into vacutainer with vacuum suction (61.7%) was incomplete. Nurses also had wrong practices, where sample was transferred from one vacutainer to other (3.3%), collected the blood sample from the arm which had IV line (28%).Conclusions: In this study, it was found that awareness on the level of order of blood draw among nurses was found unsatisfactory. Frequent training and monitoring of work practices should be developed for nurses to reduce the errors in sample collection.
Introduction and Aim: Hypertension and proteinuria is known to cause renal and cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients irrespective of diabetes. It is beneficial to identify proteinuria and ...probable glomerular injury early to take preventive measures from cardiovascular event. In our study, we aimed to evaluate whether a biomarker such as nephrin can detect early glomerular injury in treatment naïve hypertensive subjects.
Materials and Methods: Forty newly diagnosed, treatment naïve hypertensive subjects were recruited for the study along with 40 normotensive controls after obtaining informed consent and procuring approval from. Institutional Ethics Committee. The hypertensive group was classified as diabetic and non-diabetic hypertensives and compared with apparently healthy controls (normotensive). Urine sample was analyzed for microalbumin, creatinine and nephrin. Blood sample was analyzed for glycated hemoglobin, urea, creatinine, sodium, and potassium. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA to compare the groups for various parameters. Odds ratio was calculated.
Results: Hypertensives were sub-grouped based on amount of microalbumin excreted. Urine nephrin excretion was significantly higher in hypertensive subjects than normotensive subjects (nephrin cut-off: 0.09 mg/g of creatinine). Urine nephrin (mg/g) was found to be elevated (median 0.15; interquartile range, 0.12 and 0.17) in hypertensives with normoalbuminuria and it was significantly higher than normotensive subjects (median 0.07; interquartile range, 0.04 and 0.09).
Conclusion: Urine nephrin may be used as a biomarker of early glomerular injury in hypertensive subjects even before microalbuminuria is detected.
Can Sample Type Affect Vitamin D Concentration? Prakash, Shubha N; Devanath, Anitha; Jayakumari, S ...
Indian Journal of Medical Biochemistry,
08/2020, Letnik:
24, Številka:
1
Journal Article
PDF
