Abstract
We have designed a fully automated optical microscope running at high-speed and achieving a very high spatial resolution. In order to overcome the resolution limit of optical microscopes, it ...exploits the localized surface plasmon resonance phenomenon. The customized setup using a polarization analyzer, based on liquid crystals, produces no vibrations and it is capable of probing isolated nanoparticles. We tested its performance with an automated readout using a fine-grained nuclear emulsion sample exposed to 60 keV carbon ion beam and, for the first time, successfully reconstructed the directional information from ultra-short tracks produced by such low-energetic ions using a solid-state tracking detector.
In the present paper we report the development of the Continuous Motion scanning technique and its implementation for a new generation of scanning systems. The same hardware setup has demonstrated a ...significant boost in the scanning speed, reaching 190 cm
/h. The implementation of the Continuous Motion technique in the LASSO framework, as well as a number of new corrections introduced are described in details. The performance of the system, the results of an efficiency measurement and potential applications of the technique are discussed.
The SND@LHC detector experiment is located at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), about 480 m downstream of the ATLAS interaction point. The detector is designed to measure, for the first time ever, ...high-energy neutrinos produced at the LHC in the pseudorapidity region of 7.2<η<8.4, which is inaccessible to other LHC experiments. The detector comprises a hybrid system that incorporates multiple components. The detector includes a 830 kg target composed of tungsten plates arranged in alternating layers with nuclear emulsion and electronic trackers: this arrangement functions as an electromagnetic calorimeter. Following the electromagnetic calorimeter, there is a hadronic calorimeter and a muon identification system. The detector possesses the ability to differentiate interactions involving all three neutrino flavours, enabling investigations into the physics of heavy flavour production in the forward region. This research is particularly significant for future circular colliders and high-energy astrophysical neutrino experiments. Furthermore, the detector has the ability to search for the scattering of Feebly Interacting Particles. The detector started operating during the LHC Run 3, and it collected a total of ∼39 fb−1 in 2022. The detector aims to collect approximately 250 fb−1 in the whole of Run 3.
An integrated system for large scale scanning of nuclear emulsions Bozza, Cristiano; D’Ambrosio, Nicola; De Lellis, Giovanni ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
03/2013, Letnik:
703
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The European Scanning System, developed to analyse nuclear emulsions at high speed, has been completed with the development of a high level software infrastructure to automate and support large-scale ...emulsion scanning. In one year, an average installation is capable of performing data-taking and online analysis on a total surface ranging from few m2 to tens of m2, acquiring many billions of tracks, corresponding to several TB. This paper focuses on the procedures that have been implemented and on their impact on physics measurements. The system proved robust, reliable, fault-tolerant and user-friendly, and seldom needs assistance. A dedicated relational Data Base system is the backbone of the whole infrastructure, storing data themselves and not only catalogues of data files, as in common practice, being a unique case in high-energy physics DAQ systems. The logical organisation of the system is described and a summary is given of the physics measurement that are readily available by automated processing.
OPERA experimental results Di Crescenzo, Antonia
Journal of physics. Conference series,
01/2012, Letnik:
347, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The aim of the OPERA experiment is to search for the appearance of the tau neutrino in the quasi pure muon neutrino beam produced at CERN (CNGS). The detector, installed in the Gran Sasso underground ...laboratory 730 km away from CERN, consists of a lead/emulsion target complemented with electronic detectors. Runs with CNGS neutrinos were successfully carried out in 2008, 2009, and 2010. After a brief description of the beam and the experimental setup, we report on event analysis of a sample of events corresponding to 1.89×1019 p.o.t. in the CERN CNGS νμ beam that yielded the observation of a first candidate ντ CC interaction. The topology and kinematics of this candidate event are described in detail. The background sources are explained and the significance of the candidate is assessed.
This paper describes the development and characterization of a ΔE-TOF detector composed of a plastic scintillator bar coupled at both ends to silicon photomultipliers. This detector is a prototype of ...a larger version which will be used in the FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) experiment to identify the fragments produced by ion beams accelerated onto a hydrogen-enriched target. The final ΔE-TOF detector will be composed of two layers of plastic scintillator bars with orthogonal orientation and will measure, for each crossing fragment, the energy deposited in the plastic scintillator (ΔE), the time of flight (TOF), and the coordinates of the interaction position in the scintillator. To meet the FOOT experimental requirements, the detector should have energy resolution of a few percents and time resolution of 70 ps, and it should allow to discriminate multiple fragments belonging to the same event. To evaluate the achievable performances, the detector prototype was irradiated with protons of kinetic energy in the 70–230 MeV range and interacting at several positions along the bar. The measured energy resolution σΔE∕ΔE was 6–14%, after subtracting the fluctuations of the deposited energy. A time resolution σ between 120 and 180 ps was obtained with respect to a trigger detector. A spatial resolution σ of 1.9 cm was obtained for protons interacting at the center of the bar.
The FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) experiment is an international project designed to carry out the fragmentation cross-sectional measurements relevant for charged particle therapy (CPT), a technique ...based on the use of charged particle beams for the treatment of deep-seated tumors. The FOOT detector consists of an electronic setup for the identification of
fragments and an emulsion spectrometer for
fragments. The first data taking was performed in 2019 at the GSI facility (Darmstadt, Germany). In this study, the charge identification of fragments induced by exposing an emulsion detector, embedding a
target, to an oxygen ion beam of 200 MeV/n is discussed. The charge identification is based on the controlled fading of nuclear emulsions in order to extend their dynamic range in the ionization response.
The use of carbon ion beams in radiotherapy presents significant advantages when compared to traditional x-ray. In fact, carbon ions deposit their energy inside the human body at the end of their ...range, the Bragg peak. Unlike x-ray beams, where the energy deposition decreases exponentially inside the irradiated volume, the shape of carbon beams is sharp and focused. Advantages are an increased energy released in the cancer volume while minimizing the irradiation to healthy tissues. Currently, the use of carbon beams is limited by the poor knowledge we have about the effects of the secondary fragments on the irradiated tissues. The secondary particles produced and their angular distribution is crucial to determine the global dose deposition. The knowledge of the flux of secondary particles plays a key role in the real time monitoring of the dose profile in hadron therapy. We present a detector based on nuclear emulsions for fragmentation measurements that performs a sub-micrometric tridimensional spatial resolution, excellent multi-particle separation and large angle track recognition. Nuclear emulsions are assembled in order to realize a hybrid detector (emulsion cloud chamber (ECC)) made of 300 μm nuclear emulsion films alternated with lead as passive material. Data reported here have been obtained by exposing two ECC detectors to the fragments produced by a 400 MeV n−1 12C beam on a composite target at the GSI laboratory in Germany. The ECC was exposed inside a more complex detector, named FIRST, in order to collect fragments with a continuous angular distribution in the range 47°-81° with respect to the beam axis. Results on the angular distribution of fragments as well as their momentum estimations are reported here.
The use of carbon ion beams in radiotherapy presents significant advantages when compared to traditional x-ray. Unlike x-ray beams, where the energy deposition decreases exponentially inside the ...irradiated volume, the shape of carbon beams is sharp and focused. Advantages are an increased energy released in the cancer volume while minimizing the irradiation to healthy tissues. Currently, the use of carbon beams is limited by the poor knowledge we have about the effects of the secondary fragments on the irradiated tissues. We present a detector based on nuclear emulsions for fragmentation measurements that performs a sub-micrometric tridimensional spatial resolution, excellent multi-particle separation and large angle track recognition. Nuclear emulsions are assembled in order to realize a hybrid detector (emulsion cloud chamber (ECC)) made of 300mum nuclear emulsion films alternated with lead as passive material. Results on the angular distribution of fragments as well as their momentum estimations are reported here.
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