Started few years ago, the goal of this R&D project is to develop a new generation of single amplification stage resistive MPGD based on Micromegas technology with the following characteristics: ...stable and efficient operation up to 10 MHz/cm2 particle flows; high granularity readout with small pads of the order of mm2; reliable and cost-effective production process. The miniaturization of the readout elements and the optimization of the spark protection system, as well as the stability and robustness under operation, are the primary challenges of the project. Several Micromegas detectors have been built with similar anode planes, segmented with a matrix of 48×16 readout pads with a rectangular shape (0.8×2.8 mm2) and with a pitch of 1 and 3 mm in the two coordinates. The active surface is 4.8×4.8 cm2 with a total number of 768 channels, routed off-detector for readout. With this anode/readout layout, the spark protection resistive layer has been realized with two different techniques: a pad-patterned embedded resistor with screen printing, and a uniform DLC (Diamond Like Carbon structure) layer by sputtering. For each technique different configurations and resistivity values have been adopted. For the DLC series, the most recently built prototype exploits the availability of copper clad DLC foils to improve the construction. Characterization and performance studies of the detectors have been carried out by means of radioactive sources, X-Rays, and test beam. A comparison of the performance obtained with the different resistive layout and different configurations are presented, in particular focusing on the response under high irradiation and high rate exposure.
One of the main objectives within the community of the Micro-Pattern-Gaseous-Detectors (MPGD) is the design of new detectors for operation with a very high particle flow. This research path is driven ...mainly by future upgrades of existing experiments at high-luminosity LHC or next generation accelerators where gaseous detectors will be operated at rates up to few MHz/cm2, three orders of magnitude higher than nowadays. The goal of our R&D project, started few years ago, is to develop a new generation of single amplification stage resistive MPGD based on Micromegas technology with the following characteristics: stable and efficient operation up to particle fluxes of 10 MHz/cm2; high granularity readout, with pixels of order mm2 and fully integrated electronics; reliable and cost-effective production process. We present here the development status of our small-pads resistive Micromegas prototypes, focusing on the optimization of the spark protection resistive layer. Characterization and performance studies of the prototypes have been carried out by means of radioactive sources, X-Rays and test beams. A comparison of the performance obtained with the different resistive layout realized until now is presented, studying in particular the response under high rate irradiation.
ABSTRACT Precision measurements of the electron component of cosmic radiation provide important information about the origin and propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy not accessible from the study ...of cosmic-ray nuclear components due to their differing diffusion and energy-loss processes. However, when measured near Earth, the effects of propagation and modulation of Galactic cosmic rays in the heliosphere, particularly significant for energies up to at least 30 GeV, must be properly taken into account. In this paper the electron (e−) spectra measured by the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics down to 70 MeV from 2006 July to 2009 December over six-month time intervals are presented. Fluxes are compared with a state-of-the-art three-dimensional model of solar modulation that reproduces the observations remarkably well.
Pixelated resistive Micromegas detector for high-rate environment Alviggi, M.; Camerlingo, M.T.; Pietra, M. Della ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
10/2022, Letnik:
1041
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The R&D work reported in this paper has been devoted to the production and test of pixelated resistive micromegas detectors able to track particles in a high-rate environment, up to 10MHz/cm2, ...keeping a stable gain and a good spatial resolution. To pursue our goal, we had to reduce the occupancy by increasing the detector granularity and this has been done by changing the read-out anodes from the usual strips to pads. This minor change in the electrodes layout drastically increased the difficulty of implementing a resistive structure to protect the anodes from sparking. We present the results of the tests performed on four prototypes, with different protection schemes, showing it is possible to reach the desired rate with high gain, high efficiency and good position resolution. The response to X-rays from low (55Fe source) to high (X-rays generator) rates, as well as to beams of ionizing particles is reported.
Abstract
The new era of particle physics experiments is moving towards new upgrades of present accelerators (Large Hadron Collider at CERN) and the design of high energy (tens/hundreds TeV scale) and ...very high intensity new particle accelerators (FCC-ee/hh, EIC, Muon Collider). Cost effective, high efficiency particle detection in a high background and high radiation environment is fundamental to accomplish their physics program. We present a new high granularity resistive Micromegas detector capable to ensure full efficient and stable operation and a good tracking capabilities up to particle fluxes of 10 MHz/cm
2
. A summary of the detector performances, measured by mean of high intensity X-ray, muon and pion sources, is reported, together with most recent results from test beam activities.
Resistive Micromegas are nowadays a mature technology for High Energy Physics experiments. In the ATLAS experiment at CERN these detectors will operate at hit rates up to 15 kHz/cm2. Future upgrades ...of existing experiments and new detectors at future accelerators will require operation at rates up to three orders of magnitude higher. In this paper we present the design, construction and test of a Micromegas with a pad resistive readout of few mm2 in size. We aim at precision tracking in high rate environment without efficiency loss up to tens of MHz/cm2. The detector layout and the construction technique are described, along with a characterisation of its performance, carried out by means of radioactive sources, X-rays and high energy particle beams.
ABSTRACT The cosmic-ray hydrogen and helium (1H, 2H, 3He, 4He) isotopic composition has been measured with the satellite-borne experiment PAMELA, which was launched into low-Earth orbit on board the ...Resurs-DK1 satellite on 2006 June 15. The rare isotopes 2H and 3He in cosmic rays are believed to originate mainly from the interaction of high-energy protons and helium with the galactic interstellar medium. The isotopic composition was measured between 100 and 1100 MeV/n for hydrogen and between 100 and 1400 MeV/n for helium isotopes using two different detector systems over the 23rd solar minimum from 2006 July to 2007 December.
We present the development of resistive Micromegas aiming at operation under high rates, up to tens MHz/cm2, focusing on the optimisation of the spark protection resistive layer and the ...miniaturisation of the readout elements. Several Micromegas detectors have been built with an anode plane matrix of 48x16 rectangular readout pads, each pad 0.8x2.8 mm2. The detectors differ for the spark protection resistive schemes being realised with the following techniques: a pad-patterned embedded resistor by screen printing, and uniform DLC (Diamond Like Carbon structure) layers. Characterisation and performance studies of the detectors have been carried out by means of radioactive sources, X-Rays, and test beam. A comparison of the performance obtained with the different resistive layouts is presented, in particular focusing on the response under high irradiation and high rate exposure.
We present a precise measurement of downward going albedo proton fluxes for kinetic energy above ∼70 MeV performed by the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light‐nuclei Astrophysics ...(PAMELA) experiment at an altitude between 350 and 610 km. On the basis of a trajectory tracing simulation, the analyzed protons were classified into quasi‐trapped, concentrating in the magnetic equatorial region, and untrapped spreading over all latitudes, including both short‐lived (precipitating) and long‐lived (pseudotrapped) components. In addition, features of the penumbra region around the geomagnetic cutoff were investigated in detail. PAMELA results significantly improve the characterization of the high‐energy albedo proton populations at low‐Earth orbits.
Key Points
A new and accurate study of HE reentrant albedo protons based on PAMELA data
Different components identified and reconstructed by trajectory tracing methods
Significant fluxes of pseudotrapped protons were found in the penumbra region
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