Abstract
The Maritime Continent is one of the most challenging regions for atmospheric models. Processes that modulate deep convection are poorly represented in models, which affects their ability to ...simulate precipitation features accurately. Thus, future projections of precipitation over the region are prone to large uncertainties. One of the key players in modeling tropical precipitation is the convective representation, and hence convection-permitting experiments have contributed to improve aspects of precipitation in models. This improvement creates opportunities to explore the physical processes that govern rainfall in the Maritime Continent, as well as their role in a warming climate. Here, we examine the response to climate change of models with explicit and parameterized convection and how that reflects in precipitation changes. We focus on the intensification of spatial contrasts as precursors of changes in mean and extreme precipitation in the tropical archipelago. Our results show that the broad picture is similar in both model setups, where islands will undergo an increase in mean and extreme precipitation in a warmer climate and the ocean will see less rain. However, the magnitude and spatial structure of such changes, as well as the projection of rainfall percentiles, are different across model experiments. We suggest that while the primary effect of climate change is thermodynamical and it is similarly reproduced by both model configurations, dynamical effects are represented quite differently in explicit and parameterized convection experiments. In this study, we link such differences to horizontal and vertical spatial contrasts and how convective representations translate them into precipitation changes.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose
Left ventricular thrombus (LVT) after ST-elevation myocardial infarction still presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The LEVITATION survey was designed to take a picture of LVT ...management in current clinical practice.
Methods
The survey covered diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic issues and was completed by 104 European cardiac centers. Most of them (59%) were university or tertiary centers.
Results
The survey showed anterior apical a-/dyskinesia, large MI, spontaneous echo-contrast, late presentation with delayed PCI, and TIMI flow 0–1 as the most important perceived risk factors for LVT formation. Serial ultrasound imaging is the most used tool to diagnose LVT (88% of the centers), with contrast-enhanced ultrasound and cardiac MR performed in case of poor apex visualization or spontaneous echo-contrast. One third (34%) of the centers uses prophylactic anticoagulation to prevent LVT formation. In the presence of LVT, low molecular weight heparin is the most used in-hospital therapy. At discharge, vitamin K antagonist and direct oral anticoagulants are used in 67 and 32% of the cases, respectively. Triple antithrombotic therapy with aspirin plus clopidogrel and VKA is the most used strategy at discharge (55%), whereas a single antiplatelet therapy is preferred only in the case of moderate-to-high risk of bleeding. To assess LVT total regression, half of the centers use contrast-enhanced ultrasound and/or cardiac-MR. The duration of anticoagulation is usually 3–6 months (55%), with long-term prolongation in case of LVT persistence or recurrence.
Conclusion
The survey has depicted for the first time the current real-world management of this neglected topic and has highlighted several grey zones that are still present and not supported by evidence.
A triphasic scaffold (TPS) for the regeneration of the bone-ligament interface was fabricated combining a 3D fiber deposited polycaprolactone structure and a polylactic co-glycolic acid electrospun. ...The scaffold presented a gradient of physical and mechanical properties which elicited different biological responses from human mesenchymal stem cells. Biological test were performed on the whole TPS and on scaffolds comprised of each single part of the TPS, considered as the controls. The TPS showed an increase of the metabolic activity with culturing time that seemed to be an average of the controls at each time point. The importance of differentiation media for bone and ligament regeneration was further investigated. Metabolic activity analysis on the different areas of the TPS showed a similar trend after 7 days in both differentiation media. Total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity analysis showed a statistically higher activity of the TPS in mineralization medium compared to the controls. A different glycosaminoglycans amount between the TPS and its controls was detected, displaying a similar trend with respect to ALP activity. Results clearly indicated that the integration of electrospinning and additive manufacturing represents a promising approach for the fabrication of scaffolds for the regeneration of tissue interfaces, such as the bone-to-ligament one, because it allows mimicking the structural environment combining different biomaterials at different scales.
BACKGROUND—Elderly patients are at elevated risk of both ischemic and bleeding complications after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and display higher on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity as compared ...to younger patients. Prasugrel 5 mg provides more predictable platelet inhibition, as compared to clopidogrel, in the elderly, suggesting the possibility of reducing ischemic events without increasing bleeding.
METHODS—In a multicenter, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint trial, we compared a once daily maintenance dose of prasugrel 5 mg with the standard clopidogrel 75 mg in patients >74 years with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The primary endpoint was the composite of mortality, myocardial infarction, disabling stroke and re-hospitalization for cardiovascular causes or bleeding within one year. The study was designed to demonstrate superiority of prasugrel 5 mg over clopidogrel 75 mg.
RESULTS—Enrolment was interrupted, according to pre-specified criteria, after a planned interim analysis, when 1443 patients (40% women, mean age 80 years) had been enrolled, with a median follow-up of 12 months, due to futility for efficacy. The primary endpoint occurred in 121 patients (17%) with prasugrel and 121 (16.6%) with clopidogrel (HR 1.007, 95% CI, 0.78-1.30; P =0.955). Definite/probable stent thrombosis rates were 0.7% with prasugrel vs 1.9% with clopidogrel (OR 0.36, C.I. 0.13-1.00, p=0.06). Bleeding Academic Research Consortium types ≥2 were 4.1% with prasugrel vs 2.7% with clopidogrel (OR 1.52, C.I. 0.85-3.16, P= 0.18).
CONCLUSIONS—The present study in elderly ACS patients showed no difference in the primary endpoint between reduced-dose prasugrel and standard-dose clopidogrel. However, the study should be interpreted in the light of premature termination of the trial.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION—URLhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ Unique IdentifierNCT01777503
ABSTRACT
The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has detected thousands of exoplanet candidates since 2018, most of which have yet to be confirmed. A key step in the confirmation process of ...these candidates is ruling out false positives through vetting. Vetting also eases the burden on follow-up observations, provides input for demographics studies, and facilitates training machine learning algorithms. Here, we present the TESS Triple-9 (TT9) catalog – a uniformly vetted catalog containing dispositions for 999 exoplanet candidates listed on ExoFOP-TESS, known as TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs). The TT9 was produced using the Discovery And Vetting of Exoplanets pipeline, dave, and utilizing the power of citizen science as a part of the Planet Patrol project. More than 70 per cent of the TOIs listed in the TT9 pass our diagnostic tests, and are thus marked as true planet candidates. We flagged 144 candidates as false positives, and identified 146 as potential false positives. At the time of writing, the TT9 catalog contains $\sim 20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the entire ExoFOP-TESS TOIs list, demonstrates the synergy between automated tools and citizen science, and represents the first stage of our efforts to vet all TOIs. Our final dispositions and comments are collected in a supplementary table and the dave-generated files are publicly available on ExoFOP TESS.
This study presents future changes in extreme precipitation as projected within the New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory Regional Climate Modelling (NARCliM) project’s regional climate ...ensemble for south-east Australia. Model performance, independence and projected future changes were considered when designing the ensemble. We applied a quantile mapping bias correction to the climate model outputs based on theoretical distribution functions, and the implications of this for the projected precipitation extremes is investigated. Precipitation extremes are quantified using several indices from the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices set of indices. The bias correction was successful in removing most of the magnitude bias in extreme precipitation but does not correct biases in the length of maximum wet and dry spells. The bias correction also had a relatively small effect on the projected future changes. Across a range of metrics, robust increases in the magnitude of precipitation extreme indices are found. While these increases are often in-line with a continuation of the trends present over the last century, they are not found to be statistically significant within the ensemble as a whole. The length of the maximum consecutive wet spell is projected to remain at present-day levels, while the length of the maximum dry spell is projected to increase into the future. The combination of longer dry spells and increases in extreme precipitation magnitude indicate an important change in the character of the precipitation time series. This could have considerable hydrological implications since changes in the sequencing of events can be just as important as changes in event magnitude for hydrological impacts.
This paper presents two modelling strategies for the simulation of low velocity impact induced damage onset and evolution in composite plates. Both the strategies use a global–local technique to ...refine the mesh in the impact zone in order to increase the accuracy in predicting the impact phenomena without affecting the computational cost. Cohesive elements are used to simulate the inter-lamina damage behaviour (delaminations) and Hashin’s failure criteria are adopted to predict the intra-lamina failure mechanisms. The two modelling strategies differ in terms of input parameters for the inter-lamina and intra-lamina damage evolution laws and in terms of modelling solutions in the impacted area. Comparisons between numerical and experimental results on composite plates subjected to different impact energies, according to the ASTM D7136 requirements, have been used to assess the peculiarities and the fields of application for the two proposed modelling strategies. Both the strategies have been tested by adopting the finite element code ABAQUS®. The different approaches to set the parameters of cohesive elements’ constitutive laws and Hashin’s criteria and the different choices made in quantifying the dependence of failure criteria on the finite elements’ average size have been taken into account.
ABSTRACT
The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission is providing the scientific community with millions of light curves of stars spread across the whole sky. Since 2018, the telescope ...has detected thousands of planet candidates that need to be meticulously scrutinized before being considered amenable targets for follow-up programs. We present the second catalog of the Planet Patrol citizen science project containing 999 uniformly vetted exoplanet candidates within the TESS ExoFOP archive. The catalog was produced by fully exploiting the power of the Citizen Science Planet Patrol project. We vetted TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs) based on the results of Discovery And Vetting of Exoplanets (dave) pipeline. We also implemented the automatic disposition generator, a custom procedure aimed at generating the final classification for each TOI that was vetted by at least three vetters. The majority of the candidates in our catalog, 752 TOIs, passed the vetting process and were labelled as planet candidates. We ruled out 142 candidates as false positives and flagged 105 as potential false positives. Our final dispositions and comments for all the planet candidates are provided as a publicly available supplementary table.
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