The present study aimed to add value to palm oil by-products as substrates to efficiently produce conidia of
Beauveria bassiana
and
Isaria javanica
(
Hypocreales
:
Cordycipitaceae
) for biological ...control of the whitefly
Bemisia tabaci
(
Hemiptera
:
Aleyrodidae
), through a solid-state fermentation process using palm kernel cake and palm fiber as nutrient source and solid matrix, respectively. The optimum culture conditions yielded high concentrations of viable conidia after air-drying, when the fungi were grown on palm kernel cake (
B
.
bassiana
7.65 × 10
9
and
I
.
javanica
2.91 × 10
9
conidia g
−1
dry substrate) after 6 days under optimal growth conditions set to 60% substrate moisture and 32 °C. Both fungal strains exhibited high efficacy against third-instar whitefly nymphs, inducing mortality up to 62.9 and 56.6% by
B. bassiana
and
I. javanica
, respectively, assessed after 9 days post-application in a screenhouse. Furthermore, we noted that insect mortality was strongly correlated with high atmospheric moisture, while
B. bassiana
appeared to require shorter accumulative hours under high moisture to kill whitefly nymphs compared to
I. javanica
. Our results underpin a feasible and cost-effective mass production method for aerial conidia, using palm kernel as the main substrate in order to produce efficacious fungal bioinsecticides against an invasive whitefly species in Brazil. Finally, our fermentation process may offer a sustainable and cost-effective means to produce eco-friendly mycoinsecticides, using an abundant agro-industrial by-product from Brazil that will ultimately assist in the integrated management of agricultural insect pests.
to report the experience of implementing care management strategies in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic in a teaching hospital.
this is an experience report of the managers who work at the largest ...public hospital in Paraná with functions as Head of the Care Management Division, Head of the Care Lines Management Sector, Head of the Infectiology Unit and support team.
care management strategies were structured based on the service dynamics; physical structure; human Resources; professional and user safety.
preparing for a pandemic involves measures that include modifying infrastructure and processes, managing employees and users, infection prevention strategies, and clinical recommendations. These measures are necessary to optimize the quality of care provided to users with COVID-19 and to reduce the risk of viral transmission to other users or health professionals.
Sarcopenia is one of the most common features of cirrhosis, contributing to morbidity and mortality in this population. We aimed to evaluate the effect of melatonin (MLT) and exercise (EX) on the ...quadriceps muscle in rats with biliary cirrhosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). We used 48 males (mean weight = 300 g), divided into eight groups. A 20 mg/Kg MLT dose was administered via i.p. (1 x daily), and the EX, the animals were set to swim in couples for 10 min each day. Upon completion, blood, liver, and quadriceps samples were taken for analysis. In the liver enzymes analysis and comet assay results, a reduction was observed in the groups treated with MLT with/or EX comparing to the BDL group. In the evaluation of substances that react to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), nitric oxide levels (NO), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels (TNF-α), there was a significant increase in the BDL group and a reduction in the treated groups. In the activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) and interleukin-10 levels (IL-10) concentrations, there was a significant increase in the treated groups of the BDL group. Histological analysis revealed muscle hypotrophy in the BDL group in comparison with the control group (CO) and increased muscle mass in the treated groups. There was an increase in weight gain and phase angle in the groups treated with MLT with/or EX comparing to the BDL group. We suggest that treatments may contribute to the reduction of muscle changes in cirrhotic patients.
•In sarcopenia, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers increase.•Occurring disarrangement of muscle fibers with inflammatory infiltrate.•Melatonin and physical exercise showed protective effect against damage to muscle.•Melatonin modulated parameters of oxidative stress and inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-10).•We suggest that melatonin and exercise as a treatment option for attenuation of sarcopenia.
Nicotiana tabacum is the most cultivated tobacco species in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Workers who handle the plant are exposed to the leaf components during the harvesting process and ...when separating and classifying the dried leaves. In addition to nicotine, after the drying process, other components may be found including tobacco-specific nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as pesticides residues. The objective of this study was to examine the genotoxicity attributed to the aqueous extract of dried tobacco leaves obtained from tobacco barns using Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells (V79) as a model system by employing alkaline comet assay, micronucleus (MN) and Ames test. MTT assay was used to assess cytotoxicity and establish concentrations for this study. Data demonstrated cell viability > 85% for concentrations of 0.625-5 mg/ml while the comet assay indicated a significant increase in DNA damage at all concentrations tested. A significant elevation of MN and nuclear buds (NBUD) was found for 5 mg/ml compared to control and other dry tobacco leaves concentrations (0.625-2.5 mg/ml). Mutagenicity was not found using the Salmonella/Microsome test (TA98, TA100, and TA102 strains) with and without metabolic activation. The concentration of inorganic elements was determined employing the PIXE technique, and 13 inorganic elements were detected. Using CG/MS nicotine amounts present were 1.56 mg/g dry tobacco leaf powder. Due to the observed genotoxicity in V79 cells, more investigations are needed to protect the health of tobacco workers exposed daily to this complex mixture of toxic substances present in dry tobacco leaves.
Objective. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of simvastatin in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induced by methionine and choline-deficient diet in mice and its possible effect on ...factors involved in the pathogenesis of the disease including oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Method. Male C57BL6 mice were fed either a normal diet (control) or a methionine and choline-deficient diet for four weeks and then treated orally with simvastatin (4 mg/kg once a day) for two final weeks. At the end of the experimental period, liver integrity, biochemical analysis, hepatic lipids, histology, DNA damage, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress were assessed. Results. Simvastatin treatment was able to significantly reduce hepatic damage enzymes and hepatic lipids and lower the degree of hepatocellular ballooning, without showing genotoxic effects. Simvastatin caused significant decreases in lipid peroxidation, with some changes in antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Simvastatin activates antioxidant enzymes via Nrf2 and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver. Conclusions. In summary, the results provide evidence that in mice with experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induced by a methionine and choline-deficient diet, the reduction of liver damage by simvastatin is associated with attenuated oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Eragrostis teff
is an Ethiopian native grass plant (
Poaceae
or
Gramineae
family) whose importance as a crop grain has increased in recent years. The aim of this study is to analyze the nutritional ...composition of its seeds and the mutagenic/antimutagenic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of the seed flour. Chemical elements (colloquially known as minerals) were determined using Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS), while the content of amino acids (aminogram) and fatty acids (profile of fatty acids) were quantified by HPLC. Mutagenic activities were tested using
Salmonella
/microsome assay. Mutagens doxorubicin, 4-nitroquinolin
N
-oxide, methylmethanosulphonate, and aflatoxin B-1 were used in
Salmonella typhimurium
TA98 and TA100 strains to assess antimutagenic activities. The major elements observed were K, P, S, Mg, and Ca. Almost all essential amino acids were observed and the predominance of unsaturated fatty acids in the total oil content of 2.72% (w/w) is also noted, including the two essential fatty acids alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid) and linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid). Hydroalcoholic extract of
E. teff
seed flour showed antimutagenic activity, protecting against frameshift and base pair substitution mutations. These findings provide valuable information for further development of healthier foods that can be produced with increasing yields and minimal environmental impact.
Eragrostis teff
is an Ethiopian native grass plant (
Poaceae
or
Gramineae
family) whose importance as a crop grain has increased in recent years.
to identify possibilities for improvement in the process of teaching and learning homecare in nursing, pharmacy, medicine, nutrition, dentistry and occupational therapy courses.
qualitative research ...using the Grounded Theory approach. Sixty-three semi-structured interviews were conducted with students, teachers and graduates of the six mentioned courses at a public university in the south of Brazil. Data analysis was performed through open, axial and selective coding.
the possibilities for improving the process of teaching and learning homecare included: scientific production in the area; use of different teaching techniques; development of extracurricular activities; extension projects; curricular reformulation; and laboratory simulation.
the strategies cited in this study enable undergraduate courses in health to envisage the possibility of enhance the process of teaching and learning homecare.
Objetivo: presentar la concepción e implementación del Modelo de Gestión de Alta del Complejo Hospitalario de Clínicas de la Universidad Federal de Paraná.
Método: informe de experiencia ocurrida ...entre 2017 y 2020, sobre el diseño e implementación del modelo de Gestión del Alta con apoyo del modelo lógico.
Resultados: la continuidad de los cuidados y la gestión de los casos son operados por un equipo exclusivo de enfermeras de enlace que gestionan y contra revierten los cuidados a la atención primaria y a otros puntos de la red sanitaria.
Conclusión: la gestión de altas se consolida como una estrategia gerencial que integra la red de atención a la salud, evita las discontinuidades de la asistencia, promueve la seguridad de los pacientes y los familiares, además de la optimización de las camas, y aún inserta en la agenda de la atención primaria a los pacientes complejos. Contribuye a la continuidad de los cuidados y representa la evidencia de un nuevo campo de trabajo para las enfermeras.
ABSTRACT Objective: To interpret and build a theoretical model of the user’s experience in the education process in physical rehabilitation settings. Method: Qualitative research, based on the ...Grounded Theory. The setting was a Rehabilitation Center of Rede Lucy Montoro, located in an inland city of the State of São Paulo. Data collection took place from January to October 2019, based on 28 interviews with three sample groups. The collection and analysis process was guided by theoretical sampling. Results: A total of 122 conceptual codes emerged. The main category established was “Experiencing education in rehabilitation”; as Conditions, the categories: relying on team support, and considering the group dynamics; as Actions-Interactions, the category: experiencing instructions; and as Consequences, the categories: promoting change of habits, and finding resistance in the follow-up. Conclusion: The experience in the education process in rehabilitation indicates that this is an action that requires adequate communication and acceptance by the team. In group activities, although there are experiences exchanges among the members, the heterogeneity of situations shall be considered.
RESUMO Objetivo: Interpretar e construir um modelo teórico da vivência do usuário no processo de educação no cenário da reabilitação física. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, pautada na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. O cenário foi um Centro de Reabilitação da Rede Lucy Montoro, localizado no interior do Estado de São Paulo. A coleta de dados ocorreu de janeiro a outubro de 2019, a partir de 28 entrevistas com três grupos amostrais. O processo de coleta e análise foi guiado por amostragem teórica. Resultados: Emergiram 122 códigos conceituais. Foi estabelecida como a categoria central “Vivenciando a educação na reabilitação”; como Condições, as categorias: contando com o apoio da equipe, e ponderando sobre a dinâmica de grupo; como Ações-Interações, a categoria: experienciando orientações; e como Consequências, as categorias: promovendo mudança de hábitos, e encontrando resistência no seguimento. Conclusão: A vivência no processo da educação na reabilitação indica tratar-se de uma ação que demanda comunicação adequada e acolhimento por parte da equipe. Nas atividades em grupo, embora existam trocas de experiências entre os integrantes, é necessário considerar a heterogeneidade das situações.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Interpretar y construir un modelo teórico de vivencia del usuario en el proceso de educación en el escenario de la rehabilitación física. Método: Investigación cualitativa, pautada en la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos. El escenario fue un Centro de Rehabilitación de la Red Lucy Montoro, ubicado en el interior del Estado de São Paulo. La recolección de datos ocurrió de enero a octubre de 2019, a partir de 28 entrevistas con tres grupos de muestreo. El proceso de recolección y análisis fue guiado por muestreo teórico. Resultados: Se encontraron 122 códigos conceptuales. Fue establecida como la clase central “Vivenciando la educación en la rehabilitación”; como Condiciones, las clases: contando con el apoyo del equipo, y ponderando sobre la dinámica grupal; como Acciones-Interacciones, la clase: probando/viviendo orientaciones y; como Consecuencias, las clases: promoviendo cambio de hábitos, y encontrando resistencia en el seguimiento. Conclusión: La vivencia en el proceso de la educación en la rehabilitación indica tratarse de una acción que exige comunicación adecuada y acogida del equipo. En las actividades grupales, aunque existan cambios de experiencias entre los integrantes, es necesario considerar la heterogeneidad de las situaciones.
Objetivo: apresentar a concepção e implantação do Modelo de Gestão de Altas do Complexo Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná.
Método: relato de experiência ocorrido entre 2017 e ...2020, sobre a concepção e implantação do modelo de Gestão de Altas com apoio do modelo lógico.
Resultados: continuidade do cuidado e gerenciamento de caso são operacionalizados por uma equipe exclusiva de enfermeiras de ligação que gerenciam e contrarreferenciam os cuidados para a atenção primária e outros pontos da rede de assistência à saúde.
Conclusão: a gestão de altas se consolidou como uma estratégia gerencial que integra a rede de atenção à saúde, evita descontinuidades da assistência, promove segurança aos pacientes e familiares, além de otimização de leitos, e ainda insere na agenda da atenção primária os pacientes complexos. Contribui para a continuidade do cuidado e representa evidência de um novo campo de atuação do Enfermeiro.
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