Elevated inflammatory markers are associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and some patients benefit from Interleukin (IL)-6 pathway inhibitors. Different chest computed tomography ...(CT) scoring systems have shown a prognostic value in COVID-19, but not specifically in anti-IL-6-treated patients at high risk of respiratory failure. We aimed to explore the relationship between baseline CT findings and inflammatory conditions and to evaluate the prognostic value of chest CT scores and laboratory findings in COVID-19 patients specifically treated with anti-IL-6. Baseline CT lung involvement was assessed in 51 hospitalized COVID-19 patients naive to glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressants using four CT scoring systems. CT data were correlated with systemic inflammation and 30-day prognosis after anti-IL-6 treatment. All the considered CT scores showed a negative correlation with pulmonary function and a positive one with C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, IL-8, and Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α) serum levels. All the performed scores were prognostic factors, but the disease extension assessed by the six-lung-zone CT score (S24) was the only independently associated with intensive care unit (ICU) admission (p = 0.04). In conclusion, CT involvement correlates with laboratory inflammation markers and is an independent prognostic factor in COVID-19 patients representing a further tool to implement prognostic stratification in hospitalized patients.
Es fundamental elaborar un protocolo de evaluación para garantizar rigor y homogeneidad en cualquier estudio de investigación.Asimismo, se requieren consideraciones específicas si la investigación se ...desarrolla en contexto educativo y en diferentes centroseducativos. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo describir el protocolo de evaluación del estudio de investigación titulado: Estudio PACO«Pedalea y Anda al COlegio». Además, se aportan recomendaciones globales y aplicaciones prácticas en el contexto educativo. El principalobjetivo del estudio PACO es fomentar el comportamiento de desplazamiento activo entre estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoriapara mejorar los niveles de actividad física y otros indicadores de salud asociados. Por ello, el protocolo de evaluación incluye lametodología e instrumentos específicos para evaluar en los adolescentes variables como: 1) modo de desplazamiento al centro educativoy otros factores psicosociales asociados a dicho desplazamiento mediante el cuestionario PACO alumnos, 2) barreras familiares para eldesplazamiento activo al centro educativo mediante el cuestionario PACO familias, 3) características antropométricas (peso, talla,perímetro de cintura y de cuello), 4) niveles de actividad física y gasto energético evaluados mediante acelererometría y 5) característicasde la ruta real casa-colegio registradas mediante Sistema de Posicionamiento Global. La transparencia en la metodología y logísticanecesaria para evaluar dichas variables en contexto educativo, es la clave para garantizar el rigor y la homogeneidad en futuras implementaciones,ya sean estas realizadas por investigadores o docentes. Finalmente, los datos obtenidos, serán fiables y relevantes para implementarestrategias educativas que fomenten la salud integral de los adolescentes.
It is essential to develop an evaluation protocol to develop rigor and homogeneity in any research study. Likewise, someconsiderations are specifically needed if the research is carried out in an educational context and in different schools. This work aims todescribe y the evaluation protocol of the research study entitled: PACO Study «Cycle and Walk to School». In addition, it provides globalrecommendations and practical applications in the educational context. The main objective of the PACO Study is to promote thebehaviour of active commuting among students of Compulsory Secondary Education to improve their physical activity levels and otherassociated health indicators. For this reason, the evaluation protocol includes the specific methodology and instruments for evaluatingvariables such as: 1) mode of commuting to school and other psychosocial factors associated with active commuting through the PACOstudent questionnaire, 2) family barriers to active commuting to school through the PACO families questionnaire, 3) anthropometriccharacteristics (weight, height, waist and neck circumference), 4) levels of physical activity and energy expenditure evaluated byaccelerometry and 5) characteristics of the real home-school route through a Global Positioning System. The transparency in themethodology and logistic necessary to evaluate the variables in the educational context is key to evaluate the rigor and homogeneity infuture implementations, whether they are carried out by researchers or teachers. Finally, the obtained data will be reliable and relevant toimplement educational strategies in order to promote an integral health of the adolescents.
En el presente trabajo se abordan, desde una perspectiva de género, algunas cuestiones claves del concepto de ciudadanía, entendiendo que éste cobra su máximo sentido desde la participación política ...de los/as ciudadanos/as en tanto tales. Tal posicionamiento invita a la participación de una ciudadanía activa que, además de buscar la participación en los asuntos que atañen a la comunidad de la que forma parte, contribuye a reducir las desigualdades sociales existentes en las sociedades actuales. Pero las desigualdades sociales e históricas padecidas por las mujeres dificultan su participación dentro del juego democrático, lo que se traduce en desigualdades políticas que limitan sus posibilidades de ejercer la ciudadanía en contextos democráticos, diagnóstico que se deduce tras el análisis de los datos estadísticos sobre participación política en España que se muestra.
Laelia
species are valued orchids for ornamental and ritual uses. Since their natural populations are at risk, a suitable alternative is cultivation. However, the fungi affecting orchid cultivars are ...largely unknown. In this study, pathogenic fungi of
Laelia autumnalis, L. rubescens,
and
L. speciosa
in cultures of Morelia city orchid collections were identified using molecular and morphological methods. Pathogenicity tests were conducted using
in vitro L. speciosa
seedlings and a bioassay with three fungicides. Thirty-nine strains belonging to 10 taxa were isolated:
Aspergillus fumigatus, Colletotrichum boninense, C. karstii, Fusarium bactridioides, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. solani, Fusarium
sp.,
Xylaria feejeensis,
and an Ascomycete strain. The most common pathogens in adult plants were
F. proliferatum
and
A. fumigatus
. The most aggressive fungus was
F. solani
. The Ascomycete,
A. fumigatus
and
X. feejeensis,
are reported herein as opportunistic orchid pathogens for the first time under
in vitro
conditions. The fungicide thiabendazole significantly inhibited the growth of
F. proliferatum
and
F. solani
, while benomyl inhibited the growth of
A. fumigatus
and
F. bactridioides
after five days. All tested fungicides did not inhibit the growth of
C. boninense, F. oxysporum, Fusarium
sp
.,
and the Ascomycete strain. Our results will be useful to improve management recommendations for these endangered orchid species.
Strains of the same bacterial species often show considerable genomic variation. To examine the extent of such variation in Rhizobium etli, the complete genome sequence of R. etli CIAT652 and the ...partial genomic sequences of six additional R. etli strains having different geographical origins were determined. The sequences were compared with each other and with the previously reported genome sequence of R. etli CFN42. DNA sequences common to all strains constituted the greater part of these genomes and were localized in both the chromosome and large plasmids. About 700 to 1,000 kb of DNA that did not match sequences of the complete genomes of strains CIAT652 and CFN42 was unique to each R. etli strain. These sequences were distributed throughout the chromosome as individual genes or chromosomal islands and in plasmids, and they encoded accessory functions, such as transport of sugars and amino acids, or secondary metabolism; they also included mobile elements and hypothetical genes. Sequences corresponding to symbiotic plasmids showed high levels of nucleotide identity (about 98 to 99%), whereas chromosomal sequences and the sequences with matches to other plasmids showed lower levels of identity (on average, about 90 to 95%). We concluded that R. etli has a pangenomic structure with a core genome composed of both chromosomal and plasmid sequences, including a highly conserved symbiotic plasmid, despite the overall genomic divergence.
Vivimos en una sociedad globalizada en la que los cambios se suceden de forma rápida y, en muchas ocasiones, impredecible. Por ello, el análisis reflexivo y realizado desde distintas disciplinas ...científicas nos aporta información muy valiosa para afrontar los retos y desafíos que la sociedad nos plantea y que la ciudadanía merece que intentemos solucionar.Este modelo de sociedad y la crisis que hemos padecido en los últimos años, ha provocado que la desigualdad y la precariedad social y económica estén patentes en todo el mundo. En los países denominados desarrollados se están viviendo situaciones que creíamos desterradas, la marginalidad y la injusticia social crecen, y es vital arbitrar soluciones para abordar estos problemas.
Esta obra dividida en tres bloques aborda distintos problemas de gran relevancia y actualidad, relacionados con la economía, empleo, género, acoso laboral y escolar, sexualidad y ecología, entre otros, desde una mirada global. Pero al mismo tiempo, se exponen estos problemas desde un punto vista local, circunscritos a la comunidad de Castilla-La Mancha. Esta conjugación de lo global y lo local, en sintonía con el concepto de globalización y con la teoría de abordar la solución de problemas globales desde propuestas y actuaciones locales.Texto de la editorial
Objective
Cognitive reserve (CR) is a concept that was postulated as a protective factor for some clinical symptoms after the observation that there is not a direct relationship between the degree of ...brain damage and its clinical manifestation. This study aimed to explore the association between CR and the main outcomes in bipolar disorder (BD): cognitive functions, psychosocial functioning and perceived quality of life.
Method
A sample of 224 euthymic bipolar patients was assessed with a neuropsychological battery, the Functioning Assessment Short Test and the Medical Outcomes Study 36‐Item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36). CR was calculated through three proxies: estimated premorbid Intelligent Quotient, educational level and occupational attainment. Relationships between CR and cognitive functions, psychosocial functioning and quality of life were assessed by multiple linear regression models.
Results
Higher CR was associated with better cognitive functioning (P < 0.001 in processing speed, working memory, verbal and visual memory, and executive function; P = 0.026 in attention) and better psychosocial functioning (P = 0.008). For quality of life, CR was positively associated with the physical component of the SF‐36 (P = 0.016) but negatively associated with the mental component (P = 0.004).
Conclusion
The results suggest that CR may play an important role in the course and prognosis of bipolar patients and it should be considered in both clinical and research settings related to BD.
Our world is shrinking because of computerized linkages and the mobility of society. Information is shared rapidly around the world. Issues surrounding newborn and infant nursing are global. In ...efforts to acknowledge the international community, each
Newborn and Infant Nursing Review issue will feature a column that highlights care-related issues from a featured country or region of the world. This article focuses on Chile. The topic is one that is global: feeding readiness to transition from tube to oral feedings. Newborn and infant health issues are global ones. To review issues occurring in different areas of the world, a different area of the globe will be featured that addresses
Newborn and Infant Nursing Review's theme-oriented topic. This month, the Children's Hospital of Santiago, Chile, will be featured. Our guest authors are Enfermera (nurse) Patricia Fernández Díaz and Enfermera (nurse) Marjorie Rosales Valdebenito.
Hospital mortality in myocardial infarction ST-elevation myocardial infarction has decreased in recent years, in contrast to prehospital mortality. Our objective was to determine initial ...complications and factors related to prehospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation (STEMI).
Observational study based on a prospective continuous register of patients of any age attended by out-of-hospital emergency teams in Andalusia between January 2006 and June 2009. This includes patients with acute coronary syndrome-like symptoms whose initial ECG showed ST elevation or presumably new left bundle branch block (LBBB). Epidemiological, prehospital data and final diagnostic were recorded. The study included all patients with STEMI on the register, without age restrictions. Forward stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to control for confounders.
A total of 2528 patients were included, 24% were women. Mean age 63.4±13.4 years; 16.7% presented atypical clinical symptoms. Initial complications: ventricular fibrillation (VF) 8.4%, severe bradycardia 5.8%, third-degree atrial-ventricular (AV) block 2.4% and hypotension 13.5%. Fifty-two (2.1%) patients died before reaching hospital. Factors associated with prehospital mortality were female sex (OR 2.36, CI 1.28 to 4.33), atypical clinical picture (OR 2.31, CI 1.21 to 4.41), hypotension (OR 4.95, CI 2.60 to 9.20), LBBB (OR 4.29, CI 1.71 to 10.74), extensive infarction (ST elevation in ≥5 leads) (OR 2.53, CI 1.28 to 5.01) and VF (OR 2.82, CI 1.38 to 5.78).
A significant proportion of patients with STEMI present early complications in the prehospital setting, and some die before reaching hospital. Prehospital mortality was associated with female sex and atypical presentation, as pre-existing conditions, and hypotension, extensive infarction, LBBB and VF on emergency team attendance.
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