Acute mesenteric ischemia: A case report Niang, Fallou Galass; Faye, Ibrahima; Ndong, Abdourahmane ...
Radiology case reports,
01/2024, Letnik:
19, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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Acute mesenteric ischemia is a rare life-threatening diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. Lack of clinical and biological specificity makes the diagnosis difficult. Imaging, particularly computed ...tomography can help confirm the diagnosis. An underlying cause is identified in about 30%-70% of cases and should always be sought. We report a case of a 51-year-old man with chronic alcoholic liver disease admitted to the emergency department for abdominal pain. Computed tomography showed mesenteric venous thrombosis with signs of small bowel ischemia and cirrhosis with portal hypertension. Through this observation, we describe the imaging aspects of mesenteric ischemia and emphasize the necessity of seeking underlying pathological condition.
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is an age-related cerebral microangiopathy characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta peptide in the wall of leptomeningeal arteries and cortical vessels. ...Diagnosis of sporadic amyloid angiopathy is most often made in elderly patient with lobar hematoma. We report a case of a 68-year-old female who had minimal head injury. Cerebral CT showed a right cerebellar hematoma. Follow-up MRI after 4 months showed signs of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Through this observation, we describe the MRI semiology that helps make the diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
The accumulation of dust on the surface of solar panels reduces the amount of sunlight reaching the solar cells and results in a decrease in panel performance. To avoid this loss of production and ...thus, to improve the performance capacity, solar panels must be cleaned frequently. The West African region is well known for its high solar energy potential. However, this potential can be reduced by the high occurrence of dust storms during the year. This article aims to provide a contribution to the construction of a meteorological information service for solar panel cleaning operations at Diass solar plant in Senegal (Western Sahel). It is based on a full year
experiment comparing the power loss due to dust between solar panels cleaned at different frequencies and those not cleaned. The model to determine the cleaning frequencies is based on the deposition rate of airborne particles, the concentration of airborne particles, and the density of the dust that has a major impact on the power loss. Cleaning frequencies are presented at seasonal scale because in the study area, dust episodes differ according to the seasons. A cost–benefit analysis is also performed to demonstrate the advantage of using weather information service to support the dust cleaning operations at Diass plant. As results, it is found that cleaning every 3 weeks is required during the dry seasons, December–January–February and March–April–May. During the rainy season, cleaning every 5 weeks is recommended in June–July–August, while in September–October–November cleaning every 4 weeks is sufficient to maintain an optimal performance of the solar panel. The total costs of cleaning operations based on these results are reduced compared to the current costs of cleaning and the benefits are much higher than without cleaning action.
Genetic surveillance of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite shows great promise for helping National Malaria Control Programmes (NMCPs) assess parasite transmission. Genetic metrics such as the ...frequency of polygenomic (multiple strain) infections, genetic clones, and the complexity of infection (COI, number of strains per infection) are correlated with transmission intensity. However, despite these correlations, it is unclear whether genetic metrics alone are sufficient to estimate clinical incidence.
This study examined parasites from 3147 clinical infections sampled between the years 2012-2020 through passive case detection (PCD) across 16 clinic sites spread throughout Senegal. Samples were genotyped with a 24 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) molecular barcode that detects parasite strains, distinguishes polygenomic (multiple strain) from monogenomic (single strain) infections, and identifies clonal infections. To determine whether genetic signals can predict incidence, a series of Poisson generalized linear mixed-effects models were constructed to predict the incidence level at each clinical site from a set of genetic metrics designed to measure parasite clonality, superinfection, and co-transmission rates.
Model-predicted incidence was compared with the reported standard incidence data determined by the NMCP for each clinic and found that parasite genetic metrics generally correlated with reported incidence, with departures from expected values at very low annual incidence (< 10/1000/annual ‰).
When transmission is greater than 10 cases per 1000 annual parasite incidence (annual incidence > 10‰), parasite genetics can be used to accurately infer incidence and is consistent with superinfection-based hypotheses of malaria transmission. When transmission was < 10‰, many of the correlations between parasite genetics and incidence were reversed, which may reflect the disproportionate impact of importation and focal transmission on parasite genetics when local transmission levels are low.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Fasting glucose (FG) and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) perform sub-optimally in people of African origin, especially in individuals with sickle-cell trait (SCT). The purpose of this study was to ...compare the relationships between HbA1c, FG, and fructosamine in individuals from Senegal with and without SCT. HbA1c, FG, and fructosamine were measured in 203 adults from Senegal (100 control: 45 with type 2 diabetes (T2D); 103 SCT: 51 with T2D). Significant, positive correlations were observed between HbA1c and FG, fructosamine and FG, and fructosamine and HbA1c in both groups. The limits of agreement were inappropriately large in both groups for the Bland-Altman plots of HbA1c and FG (control: -95.97 to 83.97%; SCT: -115.9 to 91.52%), fructosamine and FG (control: -100.6 to 99.89%; SCT: -105.6 to 100.6%), and fructosamine and HbA1c (control: -52.03 to 38.98%; SCT: -88.04 to 71.41%). In both groups, the greatest proportion of subjects were considered above the clinical cut-point for hyperglycemia when fructosamine was used as the criterion (control: 33%; SCT: 44.6%), and the lowest percentage of subjects were classified as over the clinical cut-point when HbA1c was used as the criterion (control: 21%; SCT: 27.7%).Substantial disparities between HbA1c, FG, and fructosamine were observed in both groups, and these differences were exaggerated in the SCT group. Therefore, these three biomarkers should not be considered to be interchangeable measures of glycemic control. These biomarkers should be used thoughtfully, and special care should be taken when using them in individuals with SCT.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In low‐income urban areas of major cities in Africa, sanitation provision derives primarily from onsite systems often comprising septic tanks and pit latrines. Such systems rely upon the ability of ...the surrounding soil and substratum to attenuate contaminants like nitrate and pathogenic microorganisms in wastewater. Here, we assess soil–water and solute dynamics in Quaternary aeolian sands underlying a densely populated suburb (Keur Massar) of Dakar (Senegal) using high‐frequency monitoring and vadose zone modeling (Hydrus‐1D). Observations of rainfall intensity, soil moisture content, and shallow groundwater‐level fluctuations and nitrate concentrations were carried out at an experimental site adjacent to a septic tank supplied by toilets used by a primary school. Rapid rises in soil moisture content and episodic recharge contributions observed in groundwater levels caused by heavy (>10 mm h−1) and extreme (>20 mm h−1) rainfall are well modeled (R2 = .79–.83; RMSE = 0.012–0.019) by pore‐matrix flow in the unsaturated zone by the Darcy–Richards equation. Spot sampling around the most intense rainfall of 2020 (45 mm h−1) reveals a fivefold rise and fall in the concentration of nitrate in soil moisture (∼500 to ∼2,500 mg L−1). These measurements provide new insight into the hydrological dynamics by which shallow groundwater is grossly contaminated (>500 mg L−1) by nitrate through episodic flushing by heavy rainfall of wastewater from a vast estimated network of over 250,000 septic tanks underlying this suburb of Dakar.
Core Ideas
Soil‐water and solute dynamics were assessed by high‐frequency monitoring and vadose‐zone modelling.
High‐frequency monitoring was conducted at an experimental site adjacent to a septic tank.
Heavy rainfall events (>10 mm hr−1) cause the leaching of wastewater from the septic tank to groundwater.
Observations show the contribution of septic systems and rainfall to groundwater contamination by nitrate.
For malaria control, the application of long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying has led to a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality. However, the sustainability of these ...gains is hampered by the increase in insecticide resistance. It is therefore judicious to evaluate new insecticide formulations. In comparison to clothianidin and deltamethrin, the efficacy and residual effect of Fludora Fusion was evaluated using an 'Anopheles coluzzii' laboratory and 'An. arabiensis' wild colonies in huts from August 2016 to June 2017 on cement and mud walls. Mortal- ity was recorded at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h post exposure. Like deltamethrin and clothianidin, Fludora Fusion showed delayed mortality rates above the WHO's 80% threshold over a period of 11 months with the laboratory strain. With the wild strain, while residual efficacy was observed at 2 months for the three insecticides, no residual efficacy was observed at 8 months at 24 h in both substrates. However, the increased efficacy was observed with increased holding periods (72 h and 96 h). These findings suggest that Fludora Fusion could be an alternative candidate since this duration covers the transmission period in most areas in Senegal.
Congenital band is a rare cause of bowel obstruction, most commonly occurring in childhood. We report a case of a young adult with no medical and surgical previous history who had symptoms of bowel ...obstruction evolving for 2 days. Computed tomography (CT) found an adhesive band causing a small bowel obstruction. An open laparotomy was performed, and the intraoperative findings were consistent with a congenital band compressing the ileum. Through this clinical case, we illustrate an uncommon cause of bowel obstruction and the interest of the CT for the management.
In rapidly growing cities in the tropics, unregulated urban development presents a major risk to groundwater quality. Here, we assess the vulnerability of an unconfined aquifer of Quaternary sands in ...the Thiaroye area of Dakar (Senegal) to contamination using four GIS-based indices (DRASTIC, DRASTIC_N, SINTACS, SI). Our correlation of assessed vulnerability to observed impact is semi-quantitative, relating observed groundwater quality, based on nitrate concentrations and tryptophan-like fluorescence to vulnerability degrees (i.e. coincidence rates). We show that considerably more of the Thiaroye area has a “very high vulnerability” according to SI (36%) relative to DRASTIC (5%) and SINTACS (9%); “high vulnerability” is estimated using DRASTIC_N (100%), DRASTIC (66%) and SINTACS (69%). Single-parameter sensitivity tests show that groundwater depth, soil, topography, land use and redox parameters strongly influence assessments of groundwater vulnerability. Correlation with observed nitrate concentrations reveals aquifer vulnerability is better represented by SI (coincidence rates of 56%) relative to DRASTIC_N (43%), SINTACS (38%) and DRASTIC (34%). The underestimation of groundwater vulnerability in Dakar using DRASTIC, DRASTIC_N and SINTACS is attributed to their reliance on an assumed capacity of the unsaturated zone to attenuate surface or near-surface contaminant loading, which in the low-income (Thiaroye) area of Dakar is thin and affords limited protection. The inclusion of a land-use parameter in SI improves the characterization of groundwater vulnerability in this low-income, rapidly urbanizing area of Dakar.
In the context of generalization of insecticide resistance, the hypothesis that insecticide resistance has a positive impact on the capacity of mosquitoes to transmit malaria constitutes a hindrance ...for malaria elimination. The aim of this study was to investigated populations of Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae S molecular form to assess whether different genotypes at the kdr locus are responsible for different susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum infection.
F3 progeny of An. gambiae s.l. collected in Dielmo were infected by direct membrane feeding with P. falciparum gametocyte-containing blood sampled from volunteer patients. The presence of oocysts was determined by light microscopy after seven days, and the presence of sporozoites by ELISA after 14 days. Mosquito species and molecular forms were identified by PCR. Generalized linear models were performed using the R software to test the effect of explanatory variables including the genotype at the kdr locus on infection rate and density.
The odds of being infected with oocysts and sporozoites were greater in RS and RR groups than in SS groups (χ2 = 42.8, df = 1, P(>χ2) = 6.1e-11). The density of infection was also dependent on genotype, with RR and RS genotypes showing denser infection than SS genotypes. Pairwise comparisons of oocyst number and absorbance indicated sometime a small betwen species (i.e. between An. gambiae S form, and An. coluzzii), but the effect of genotype was much more important.
The presence of the resistance allele at the kdr locus increases susceptibility to Plasmodium not only at the oocyst stage but also at the sporozoite stage in non-genetically modified wild mosquitoes. These results have significant implications and should be taken into account in the development of strategies for malaria control.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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