Symptoms on onion plants collected from the field in Adana, Turkey and infected with phytoplasma: a) twisted leaf (white arrow), b) deformation and distortion, c) yellowing and stunting (left) and ...healthy plant (right) Samples of fresh leaves were obtained from onion plants exhibiting yellowing, distortion and stunting (n:16) or from asymptomatic plants (n:8), and DNA was extracted using a CTAB method (Doyle & Doyle 1987). Template DNA was tested with a nested PCR using R16F1/RO primers in the first round PCR followed by R16F2n/R2 primers in the nested round to amplify a 1,250 bp DNA fragment from the 16S rRNA gene (Duduk et al., 2013). Numbers on branches are bootstrap values of 1000 replicates and the bar indicates the number of substitutions per nucleotide position.
In recent years, leaf discolouration, redness, shoot proliferation and witches’ broom symptoms typically associated with phytoplasmas have been observed in cactus plants (Figure 1) in commercial ...nurseries in Şanlıurfa province, Turkey. Phytoplasma aurantifolia’-infected cactus (Opuntia sp.) plants grown under greenhouse conditions including a) yellowing and witches’ broom, (b) shoot proliferation and yellowing, (c) leaf discoloration and redness. ...cacti species Echinopsis sp. and Opuntia sp. showing symptoms such as abnormal growth, yellow stems, yellow mosaics and purple colouration were collected from Mexican nurseries and these were associated with phtoplasmas in the16SrII group (Avina-Padilla et al., 2009).
EROGLU C., ORHAN O., KARACA H., UNAL D., DIKILITAS M., OZKAN M. & KAPLAN B. (2013) European Journal of Cancer Care22, 133–140
The effect of being overweight on survival in patients with gastric ...cancer undergoing adjuvant chemoradiotherapy
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of being overweight on survival in patients with gastric cancer undergoing adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy. In this study 152 patients were evaluated. Radiotherapy dose was 45 Gy given in 5 weeks. 5‐FU 425 mg/m2 and folinic acid 20 mg/m2 were administered weekly during the radiotherapy and four cycles with 4‐week intervals as consolidation chemotherapy after radiotherapy. Patients were assigned into two groups according to their body mass index: overweight (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) and normal weight (body mass index <25.0 kg/m2). The median overall survival was 39 months vs. 18 months and median disease‐free survival was 27 months vs. 13 months in the overweight and normal‐weight groups respectively (P= 0.004 and P= 0.006 respectively). The 5‐year survival was better in the patients with overweight than those with normal weight (42% vs. 17%; P= 0.004). The overall survival was significantly better with being overweight and early pathological stage (P= 0.016 and P= 0001 respectively). Overall survival, disease‐free survival and long‐term survival in patients with gastric cancer undergoing adjuvant treatment were better in overweight than normal‐weight patients. Moreover, it was shown that body mass index and pathological stage were associated to survival and prognosis.
The combined effects of salt stress and gibberellic acid (GA
3) on plant growth and nutritional status of maize (
Zea mays L. cv., DK 647 F1) were studied in a pot experiment. Treatments were (1) ...control (C): nutrient solution alone, (2) salt stress (S): 100
mM NaCl, (3) S
+
GA1: 100
mM NaCl and 50
ppm GA
3 and (4) S
+
GA2: 100
mM NaCl and 100
ppm GA
3. Salt stress (S) was found to reduce the total dry matter, chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), but to increase proline accumulation, superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD; EC 1.11.1.7) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO; 1.10.3.1) enzyme activities and electrolyte leakage. GA
3 treatments overcame to variable extents the adverse effects of NaCl stress on the above physiological parameters. GA
3 treatments reduced the activities of enzyme in the salt-stressed plants. Salt stress reduced some macro and micronutrient concentrations but exogenous application of GA
3 increased these to levels of control treatment. Foliar application of GA
3 counteracted some of the adverse effects of NaCl salinity with the accumulation of proline which maintained membrane permeability and increased macro and micronutrient levels.
Aims and Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a chemotherapy-responsive tumor and associated with alterations in the coagulation system. Addition of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) to ...combination chemotherapy (CT) had resulted in increase in survival. The present retrospective trial was designed to determine whether the duration of dalteparin usage has an effect on progression and survival. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 67 patients with SCLC who were given cisplatin-etoposide and concomitant LMWH (dalteparin) was evaluated retrospectively. Results: Median follow-up of patients was 11.3 months. Outcome: 10.6% complete response, 3.0% good partial response, 36.4% partial response, 10.6% stable disease, and 39.4% progressive disease. Side-effects were seen in 40.3% of the patients. Median dalteparin duration was 6,1 months. According the duration of dalteparin patients were grouped in three: who took dalteparin less than 4 months (Group A), 4-6 months (Group B) and more than 6 months (Group C). Mean overall survival (OS) in Group A was 6.5 months, in Group B 11.8 months, and Group C 14.6 months. Mean OS in Group B and C were statistically significantly (P < 0.001) longer than Group A, between Group B and C there was not any significant difference (P = 0.037). Mean progression free survival (PFS) was 9 months. Conclusions: The CT plus LMWH minimum 4 months long is well-tolerable, and may improve PFS and OS in patients with SCLC. For treatment of patients with SCLC CT plus LMWH may be considered as effective future-therapy, and further multi-centre randomised prospective clinical trials must be done to determine the new standard treatment approach for SCLC.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
D-dimer, LDH and tumor markers are usually overexpressed in colorectal carcinomas (CRC). Our purpose was to assess the prognostic role of D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), CEA, CA19-9 and CA72-4 ...in patients with metastatic CRC treated with XELOX chemotherapy.
Thirty-eight CRC patients who had evidence of distant metastasis were enrolled in the study and blood samples were taken before chemotherapy for estimation of the tumor markers CEA, CA19-9 and CA72-4, and for D-dimer and LDH. Patients were randomized into 3 groups: those with partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and progressive disease (PD) according to their clinical and radiologic evaluation after 3 cycles of XELOX chemotherapy. All parameters were reevaluated after the 3rd cycle of chemotherapy.
Eighteen patients (47.3%) achieved PR, 10 (26.3%) SD, and 10 (26.3%) showed PD. After 3 cycles of XELOX CEA (20.55 vs 11.97 ng7sol;ml; p=0.002), LDH (357.50 vs 214.0 U7sol; lt; p=0.001) and D-dimer (1.56 vs 1.17 μgFEU/ml; p=0.022) levels were significantly decreased in the PR group. D-dimer levels were also notably decreased (1.36 vs 0.77 μgFEU/ml; p=0.021) in the SD group. In the PD group a considerable increase was seen in CA 19-9 (119.5 vs 243.09 U/ml; p=0.025), CA 72-4 (5.18 vs 25.8 U/ml; p=0.036) and D-dimer levels (1.77 vs 1.88 μgFEU/ml; p=0.012).
This study demonstrated that D-dimer, LDH and tumor markers can be helpful in determining CRC prognosis in patients with metastatic disease. D-dimer, LDH and tumor markers provided unique prognostic information in advanced CRC patients.
This study was aimed to establish clinical efficacy and tolerability of gemcitabine and cisplatin combination in patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer progressing after anthracycline ...and taxane based chemotherapies.Thirty-three patients who were given cisplatin and gemcitabine for triple negative and metastatic breast cancer were evaluated retrospectively. A total of 141 cycles were administered with a median 4 cycles per patient. Median follow-up time was 14 months (range, 2-36 months). Objective response rate was 27.3%. Total clinical benefit of the combination was 48.4%. The estimated median progression free survival and median overall survival were 5 months and 14 months, respectively. The most common Grade 3 and 4 toxicity were neutropenia and thrombocytopenia observed in 10 (27.7%) and 9 (24.9%) patients, respectively. The combination of the gemcitabine and cisplatin after taxane/anthracycline is well tolerated and seems to be effective with acceptable toxicity profile.
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