Very fast reversed-phase separations of biomacromolecules are performed using columns made with superficially porous silica microsphere column packings (“Poroshell”). These column packings consist of ...ultra-pure “biofriendly” silica microspheres composed of solid cores and thin outer shells with uniform pores. The excellent kinetic properties of these new column packings allow stable, high-resolution gradient chromatography of polypeptides, proteins, nucleic acids, DNA fragments, etc. in a fraction of the time required for conventional separations. Contrasted with <2-μm non-porous particles, Poroshell packings can be used optimally with existing equipments and greater sample loading capacities, while retaining kinetic (and separation speed) advantages over conventional totally porous particles.
Radiation-induced chest wall pain (cwp) and rib fracture (rf) are late adverse effects after stereotactic body radiation therapy (sbrt) for stage i non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc); however, the ...literature about their incidence and risk factors shows variability. We performed a systematic review to determine the pooled incidence of cwp and rf in the relevant population.
A literature search using the prisma (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines considered English publications in medline and embase from January 1996 to August 2017. Abstracts were screened, followed by full-text review and data extraction.
The database searches identified 547 records. Twenty-eight publications comprising 3892 patients met the inclusion criteria. Median reported ages and follow-up durations fell into the ranges 67-82 years and 12-84 months. Prescriptions fell into the range of 40-70 Gy in 3-10 fractions. Despite study heterogeneity, the pooled incidences of cwp and rf were estimated to be 8.94% and 5.27% respectively. Nineteen studies reported cwp grade: 58 of 308 patients (18.8%) experienced grades 3-4 cwp (no grade 5 events reported). Thirteen studies reported rf grade: grades 3-4 rf were observed in 9 of 113 patients (7.96%). A high chest wall
was an important predictor of cwp and rf.
In patients with stage i nsclc, rates of cwp and rf after sbrt are low; however, tumour location, accurate toxicity reporting, and dose-fractionation schemes might alter those rates. Prospective correlation with dosimetry and quality of life assessment will further improve the understanding of cwp and rf after sbrt.
Abstract Aims To provide evidence-based practice guideline recommendations on the use of fluoro-2-deoxy- d -glucose positron emission tomography (PET) for diagnosis, staging and assessing treatment ...response, restaging or recurrence of head and neck cancer. Materials and methods A systematic review by Facey et al. ( Health Technology Assessment 2007;11(44):iii–iv, xi–267) was used as the evidence base for recommendation development. As the review was limited to August 2005, the evidence base was updated to July 2011 using the same search strategies for MEDLINE and EMBASE used in the original review. The authors of the current systematic review drafted recommendations, which were reviewed, adapted and accepted by consensus by the Ontario provincial Head and Neck Disease Site Group and a special meeting of clinical experts. Results The results of the Facey et al. review for head and neck cancer included five other systematic reviews and 31 primary studies. The 2005 to 2011 update search included four additional systematic reviews and 53 primary studies. Recommendations were developed based on this evidence and accepted by consensus. Conclusions PET is recommended in the M and bilateral nodal staging of all patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma where conventional imaging is equivocal, or where treatment may be significantly modified. PET is recommended in all patients after conventional imaging and in addition to, or prior to, diagnostic panendoscopy where the primary site is unknown. PET is recommended for the staging and assessment of recurrence of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma if conventional imaging is equivocal. PET is recommended for restaging patients who are being considered for major salvage treatment, including neck dissection.
Abstract Aims To make recommendations with respect to bone health and bone-targeted therapies in men with prostate cancer. Materials and methods A systematic review was carried out by searching ...MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library from inception to January 2016. Systematic reviews and randomised-controlled trials were considered for inclusion if they involved therapies directed at improving bone health or outcomes such as skeletal-related events, pain and quality of life in patients with prostate cancer either with or without metastases to bone. Therapies included medications, supplements or lifestyle modifications alone or in combination and were compared with placebo, no treatment or other agents. Disease-targeted agents such as androgen receptor-targeted and chemotherapeutic agents were excluded. Recommendations were reviewed by internal and external review groups. Results In men with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy, baseline bone mineral density testing is encouraged. Denosumab should be considered for reducing the risk of fracture in men on androgen deprivation therapy with an increased fracture risk. Bisphosphonates were effective in improving bone mineral density, but the effect on fracture was inconclusive. No medication is recommended to prevent the development of first bone metastasis. Denosumab and zoledronic acid are recommended for preventing or delaying skeletal-related events in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Radium-223 is recommended for reducing symptomatic skeletal events and prolonging survival in men with symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Conclusions The recommendations represent a current standard of care that is feasible to implement, with outcomes valued by clinicians and patients.
Abstract Aims To provide evidence-based practice guideline recommendations on the use of fluoro-2-deoxy- d -glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for diagnosis, staging, assessing treatment ...response, liver metastasis and restaging or recurrence of oesophageal cancer. Materials and methods A systematic review by Facey et al . ( Health Technology Assessment 2007;11(44):iii–iv, xi–267) was used as the evidence base for recommendation development. As the review was limited to August 2005, the evidence base was updated to May 2010 using the same search strategies for MEDLINE and EMBASE used in the original review. The authors of the current systematic review drafted recommendations, which were reviewed, adapted and accepted by consensus by the Ontario provincial Gastrointestinal Disease Site Group and a special meeting of clinical experts. Results The results from the Facey et al . review for oesophageal cancer included four other systematic reviews and six primary studies. The 2005 to 2010 updated search included two additional systematic reviews and 29 primary studies. Recommendations were developed based on this evidence and accepted by consensus. Conclusions PET is recommended to improve the accuracy of M staging for the staging work-up of patients with oesophageal cancer who are potential candidates for curative therapy. Due to insufficient evidence, no recommendation was made for or against the use of PET for the assessment of treatment response and the evaluation of suspected recurrence.
Abstract Aims Since 2004, docetaxel-based chemotherapy has been the standard of care for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), but recently randomised controlled trials ...(RCTs) of novel agents have shown promise in extending overall survival. These trials have evaluated agents delivered before chemotherapy, to replace or supplement docetaxel, or addressed treatment options for men who have progressed on docetaxel therapy. This review was undertaken to determine which systemic therapies improve cancer- or patient-related outcomes in men with mCRPC. Materials and methods Searches were carried out in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and relevant conference proceedings. Eligible articles included RCTs comparing systemic therapy or combination (excluding primary or secondary androgen deprivation therapy, bone protective agents or radionuclides) with placebo or other agents in men with mCRPC. Results Twenty-five RCTs met the selection criteria. In chemotherapy-naive patients, targeted therapy with tasquinimod conferred a benefit in progression-free survival. Immunotherapy with sipuleucel-T extended overall survival and was well tolerated, but had no effect on the time to disease progression. Hypercastration with abiraterone extended progression-free survival, whereas overall survival was improved but not statistically proven. In the chemotherapy setting, updated and new trials of docetaxel alone confirmed the survival benefit seen in previous studies. A survival benefit with the addition of estramustine to docetaxel shown in a previous study did not lead to an improvement in pain palliation or quality of life. Trials of combining targeted therapies with docetaxel generally did not extend survival. The addition of bevacizumab improved progression-free survival, but not overall survival. The addition of GVAX immunotherapy or calcitriol was harmful. In the post-chemotherapy setting, progression-free and overall survival benefits were detected with cabazitaxel, abiraterone and enzalutamide. Cabazitaxel was associated with greater toxicity, whereas abiraterone and enzalutamide had less severe adverse effects. Satraplatin and sunitinib both extended progression-free survival, but did not improve overall survival. Conclusion Docetaxel-based chemotherapy remains the standard of care in men with mCRPC who are candidates for palliative systemic therapy. Promising results are emerging with sipuleucel-T and abiraterone in the pre-docetaxel setting and cabazitaxel, abiraterone and enzalutamide in patients who progress on or after docetaxel. Further research to determine the optimal choice, sequence or even the combination of these agents is necessary.
Dihadron beam spin asymmetries provide a wide range of insights into
nucleon structure and hadronization. Recent measurements at CLAS12
provide the first empirical evidence of nonzero
G_1^\perp
G
1
⊥
...,
the parton helicity-dependent dihadron fragmentation function (DiFF)
encoding spin-momentum correlations in hadronization. These measurements
also allow for a point-by-point extraction of the subleading-twist PDF
e(x)
e
(
x
)
in a collinear framework. We observe different behavior of the
asymmetries in different invariant mass regions, motivating a fully
multidimensional study. The DiFFs also expand in terms of partial waves,
each corresponding to the interference of dihadrons of particular
polarizations. Altogether a fully multidimensional partial wave analysis
is needed, and this presentation will summarize the efforts and results
obtained thus far.
At the request of the Head and Neck Cancers Advisory Committee of Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), a working group and expert panel of clinicians with expertise in the management of ...head-and-neck cancer developed the present guideline. The purpose of the guideline is to provide advice about the organization and delivery of health care services for adult patients with head-and-neck cancer.
This document updates the recommendations published in the Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario) 2009 organizational guideline
. The guideline development methods included an updated literature search, internal review by content and methodology experts, and external review by relevant health care providers and potential users.
To ensure that all patients have access to the highest standard of care available in Ontario, the guideline establishes the minimum requirements to maintain a head-and-neck disease site program. Recommendations are made about the membership of core and extended provider teams, minimum skill sets and experience of practitioners, cancer centre-specific and practitioner-specific volumes, multidisciplinary care requirements, and unique infrastructure demands.
The recommendations contained in this document offer guidance for clinicians and institutions providing care for patients with head-and-neck cancer in Ontario, and for policymakers and other stakeholders involved in the delivery of health care services for head-and-neck cancer.
Highlights • Fever is common in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in the outpatient setting. • The approach to evaluation of fever in such patients is not standardized. • Limited evidence is ...available to guide the assessment of fever in ambulatory cancer patients. • Most research focuses on patients already diagnosed with febrile neutropenia. • Prospective studies of risk stratification algorithms are needed to define the best model of care.
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