In the present work, the Doppler Shift Attenuation method (DSAM) was used to analyze the observed lineshapes of transitions from excited states in 45Sc, populated in the reaction 36Ar + 12C at a beam ...energy of 145 MeV. The interpretation and comparison of the experimental results have been performed with large-scale shell model calculations, involving different interactions like: GX1A, GX1J, FPD6, KB3 and ZBM2. KB3 and FPD6 (present work) interactions in the negative parity states, and in positive parity states ZBM2 are most pre-eminent in reproducing the results, due to the large configuration space describing strong collective effects. Furthermore, the present work also looks at the details of the shell model helping in improving the understanding for the occupancy of orbitals. The present investigation suggests the observation of stronger collectivity for positive parity states over negative parity states with predicted enhanced collectivity of states in 45Sc nucleus.
•The revised lifetime measurements based on Doppler Shift Attenuation Method in 45Sc populated with a non-standard C-target not only have verified the lifetimes with good accuracy but also the target’s effectiveness.•Reaction reported in the present work has suggested the highest cross section compared to the different reactions reported in the literature, and have confirmed better statistics to the results and thus the improved uncertainty.•Effect of side-feeding lifetime to the level of interest has been discussed.•Present investigation suggests the observation of stronger collectivity for positive-parity states with enhanced quadrupole coherence. The observed large collectivity and irregular energy-spacing may be considered as an evidence of either a level-crossing with consequent backbending, or alternatively as a break-down of collectivity with re-appearance of shell-model behavior.•The presented study will put forward the researchers for a better understanding of the occupancy of orbitals, and will lead to a more general but an effective shell model interaction matching the results near A∼45 mass region other than Sc and Ti nuclei.
Understanding of nonlocal electron heat transport is of key importance for current magnetic confinement fusion research. Global nonlocal response presents a fundamental challenge to the standard ...anomalous transport model based on local microinstabilities and turbulence. Here, we present for the first time a new nonlocal phenomenon triggered by the fishbone instability in HL-2A neutral beam injection plasmas. Rapid core heating leads to a simultaneous decrease in temperature at the plasma edge. The effect reveals fast anomalous transport of core heat pulses to the plasma edge, not compatible with diffusive time scales. More importantly, variations at different locations are restricted by the intensity of magnetic fluctuations. The and form two types of hysteresis loops at two sides of the inversion radius. The ECEIs show that the 2D mode structure of the fishbone is intensive shearing/spiraling during the nonlocal transport. Experimental results suggest that magnetic perturbation, long-range correlation, mesoscale structure and flow play crucial roles in the nonlocal response. The Hurst exponent and auto-correlation coefficient indicate that the nonlocal transport is potentially linked to the self-organized critical (SOC) dynamics. This work will be beneficial for understanding of the plasma dynamics in future fusion reactors.
To construct a preoperative evaluation system for partial nephrectomy using CT three-dimensional visualization technology and to explore its practical value.
The clinical data of the patients who ...underwent partial nephrectomy for renal tumors in Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital were collected retrospectively. At the same time, the homogenized standard data of patients who underwent partial nephrectomy for renal tumors were collected in 16 clinical centers in China. The CT three-dimensional visualization system was applied (IPS system, Yorktal) to evaluate tumor anatomy, blood supply, perirenal fat and other information. The parameters were summarized to build a three-dimensional nephrometry system, on the basis of which virtual surgery design and intraoperative navigation were completed.
A three-dimensional visualization image was established based on the enhanced CT urography. The nephrometry system included the longest diameter and volume of the tumor, proportion volume of tumor invad
ABSTRACT Laboratory experiments have been carried out to model the magnetic reconnection process in a solar flare with powerful lasers. Relativistic electrons with energy up to megaelectronvolts are ...detected along the magnetic separatrices bounding the reconnection outflow, which exhibit a kappa-like distribution with an effective temperature of ∼109 K. The acceleration of non-thermal electrons is found to be more efficient in the case with a guide magnetic field (a component of a magnetic field along the reconnection-induced electric field) than in the case without a guide field. Hardening of the spectrum at energies ≥500 keV is observed in both cases, which remarkably resembles the hardening of hard X-ray and γ-ray spectra observed in many solar flares. This supports a recent proposal that the hardening in the hard X-ray and γ-ray emissions of solar flares is due to a hardening of the source-electron spectrum. We also performed numerical simulations that help examine behaviors of electrons in the reconnection process with the electromagnetic field configurations occurring in the experiments. The trajectories of non-thermal electrons observed in the experiments were well duplicated in the simulations. Our numerical simulations generally reproduce the electron energy spectrum as well, except for the hardening of the electron spectrum. This suggests that other mechanisms such as shock or turbulence may play an important role in the production of the observed energetic electrons.
Characteristics of fast-ion losses induced by various magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities, such as tearing mode (TM), long-lived mode (LLM), and sawtooth crash, have been observed and ...experimentally investigated in the HL-2A tokamak. To study fast-ion losses, a new scintillator-based lost-fast ion probe has been developed and used, and an increment of the fast-ion loss rate as the MHD amplitude increase has been measured. Compared with TM and LLM, the fast-ion losses induced by sawtooth crash have a broad range in energy and pitch angle. There may be some interactions between fast ions and magnetic disturbance, which cause the losses with a wide range of energy and pitch angle. During disruptions, the total neutron emission rate drops by ~90% as a result of the strong fast-ion losses. The possible reasons for this phenomenon are the strong magnetic perturbations and the drastic change of the fast-ion transport. In addition, the clear experimental evidence of drastic losses of fast ions during disruptions have been obtained.
Substantial observational evidence suggests an association between neuropsychiatric conditions and venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the causal relationship between these two conditions requires ...further investigation. Therefore, we used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to assess the bidirectional causal effects between four neuropsychiatric conditions and VTE, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism (PE).
Genetic variants associated with four neuropsychiatric conditions (ie, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder MDD, bipolar disorder, and epilepsy) and VTE, deep vein thrombosis, and PE were selected. Bidirectional univariable and multivariable MR methods were applied to evaluate the causal relationships among these conditions. The primary causal estimates were obtained using the inverse variance weighted method with multiplicative random effects, supplemented by MR Egger regression, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the MR pleiotropy residual sum, funnel plots, and outlier (MR pleiotropy and residual sum and outlier) method.
Univariable MR results showed that genetic susceptibility to MDD increases the risk of VTE and PE (VTE: odds ratio OR, 1.25; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.08-1.46; P = .004; PE: OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.09-1.69; P = .006) and that PE has an adverse causal effect on MDD (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.04; P = .026). Adjustment for confounders such as obesity, sleep duration, smoking, physical activity, and alcohol consumption revealed that increased genetic susceptibility to MDD is also associated with VTE and PE.
Our results suggest that genetic susceptibility to MDD might have an adverse causal effect on the risk of VTE and PE and that PE has a reverse causal effect on MDD. Prevention and early diagnosis of depression are crucial in the management of VTE and PE.
Using the profile analysis, the density perturbation transport analysis, and the Doppler reflectometry measurement, for the first time a spontaneous and steady-state particle-transport barrier has ...been evidenced in the Ohmic plasmas in the HL-2A tokamak with no externally applied momentum or particle input except the gas puffing. A threshold in density has been found for the observation of the barrier. The particle diffusivity is well-like, and the convection is found to be inward outside the well and outward inside the well. The formation of the barrier coincides with the transition between the trapped electron mode and the ion temperature gradient driven mode.
Summary
Esophageal cancer has a high incidence among malignancies in China, but a comprehensive picture of the status of its surgical management in China has hitherto not been available. A nationwide ...database has recently been established to address this issue. Method: A National Database was setup through a network platform, and data was collected from 70 high-volume centers (>100 esophagectomies/per year) across China. Data was entered between January 2009 and December 2014, and was analyzed in June 2015 after a minimal follow-up of 6 months for all patients. 8181 patients with complete data who received surgery for primary esophageal cancer on the Database were included in the analysis. Result: In this series, there were 6052 males and 2129 females, with a mean age of 60.5 years (range: 22–90 years). The pathology in 95.5% of patients was squamous cell carcinoma. The pathological stage distribution was 1.2% in stage 0, 2.5% in Ia, 11.5% in Ib, 14.8% in IIa, 36.1% in IIb, 19.3% in IIIa, 8.3% in IIIb, 6.2% in IIIc. 1800 patients (22.0%) with locally advanced disease received preoperative neoadjuvant therapy and 3592 patients (43.9%) underwent postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The esophagectomies were performed through left thoracotomy approach in 5870 cases (72.6%), through right chest approach in 2215 cases (27.4%) including right thoracotomy (21.3%) and VATS (6.1%). The 30-day postoperative mortality rate was 0.6% (43 patients), and the overall postoperative complication rate was 11.6% (951 patients). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 82.6%, 61.6%, and 52.9%, respectively. Conclusion: This National Registry Database from high-volume centers provides a comprehensive picture of surgical management for esophageal cancer in China for the first time. Squamous cell carcinoma predominates, but there is heterogeneity with respect to the surgical approach and perioperative oncologic management. Overall, surgical mortality and morbidity rates are low, and good survival rates have been achieved due to improvement of surgical treatment technology in recent years.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•MC-LR-induced phosphorylation changes of proteins in testis was measured.•Proved MC-LR-induced apoptosis in testis was dose/time-dependent.•Revealed Bcl-2 level in testis was not affected by in vivo ...exposure of MC-LR.
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) can induce apoptosis of a wide range of tissue cells including testicular cells. The purpose of the study was to find out whether the expression and phosphorylation of p53, Bcl-2 protein family proteins, Cyt c, and caspases were involved in the induction of testicular cell apoptosis by MC-LR in mice. Results showed that following exposure to MC-LR, expression of Bax, caspase 3 and caspase 8 was up-regulated. Significant increases in the phosphorylation of both p53 and Bcl-2 were identified after the administration of MC-LR. The administration of MC-LR also resulted in significant increases of c-myc, c-jun, and c-fos. In conclusion, p53, Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase 3 and Caspase 8 are involved in the regulation of MC-LR-induced apoptosis of testicular cells. The overexpression of c-myc, c-jun and c-fos suggests that MC-LR may have carcinogenic potential for testes.
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