Abstract
Background
Assessing subjective social status (SSS) may be easily accommodated in the context of a Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS). To our knowledge, no prior studies have ...examined the association of SSS and health in Angola. Subjective socioeconomic measures may provide a rapid assessment of a relevant social status construct, important for studying health inequalities. In this study, we addressed social determinants of health by examining the relationship between the subjective and objective social status, reported health and healthcare-seeking behaviour.
Methods
This research results from a cross-sectional study performed during 2015 in the Dande HDSS, in Angola. We tested the application of the MacArthur scale as a measure of SSS in a developing setting, in a sample of 12,246 households. First, we investigated its relation to objective socioeconomic indicators, and then we explored how subjective and objective social status associate with health reported needs and health-seeking behaviour of the surveyed population.
Chi-square, ANOVA tests, and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) Curves analysis were computed for testing relationships between subjective status ladder quartiles, sociodemographic and household characteristics. Logistic regression was used to examine the influence of subjective perception of status in self-reported health and health-seeking behaviour.
Results
Our findings suggest that the SSS follows a gradient distribution obtained with more objective socioeconomic indicators. Additionally, we found that subjective perception of status influence health needs reporting and health-seeking behaviour and its significant effect remained after controlling for the objective socioeconomic markers. Individuals standing in the second quartile of the social ladder have more odds of reporting illness and those in the highest quartiles of the ladder were twice more likely (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.52–3.26) to seek help from formal health services than those at the bottom of the ladder.
Conclusions
The MacArthur Scale is a valuable tool to measure SSS in the Dande HDSS, relevant for studying socioeconomic disparities and health inequalities. It is also an easier alternative to traditional measures such as income, usually difficult to measure in developing settings. The social perception of status should be considered as a complement with objective indicators when exploring social determinants of health.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The geographic distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) makes it a disease of major clinical importance in Brazil, where it is endemic in the state of Paraná. The objective of this study was to ...analyze the spatial distribution of CL in Paraná between 2001 and 2015, based on data from the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Information System for Notifiable Diseases) regarding autochthonous CL cases. Spatial autocorrelation was performed using Moran's Global Index and the Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA). The construction of maps was based on categories of association (high-high, low-low, high-low, and low-high). A total of 4,557 autochthonous cases of CL were registered in the state of Paraná, with an annual average of 303.8 (± 135.2) and a detection coefficient of 2.91. No correlation was found between global indices and their respective significance in 2001 (I = -0.456, p = 0.676), but evidence of spatial autocorrelation was found in other years (p< 0.05). In the construction and analysis of the cluster maps, areas with a high-high positive association were found in the Ivaí-Pirapó, Tibagi, Cinzas-Laranjinha, and Ribeira areas. The state of Paraná should keep a constant surveillance over CL due to the prominent presence of socioeconomic and environmental factors such as the favorable circumstances for the vectors present in peri-urban and agriculture áreas.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Publications of the last three decades demonstrated the existence of some compact species groups within the Macrothrix Baird genus (Cladocera: Macrothricidae). Many species were included in ...hirsuticornis-group, laticornis-group, rosea-triserialis-group and paulensis-group, but not in Macrothrix marthae group. It has a peculiar set of morphological traits not observed in any other species, so far. Studying material from Ribeira de Iguape River, Brazil, we found some individuals that resemble M. marthae, which represent a new species described herein. Macrothrix lourdesae sp. nov shares with M. marthae similar morphology of Inner Distal Lobe setae and the same modifications on the fourth and fifth limbs. The main difference between them is related to the number of setae in the exopodite of the third limb. Observing the high number of morphological traits shared, it is possible to indicate that M. lourdesae sp. nov and M. marthae form a separate species group within the genus.
Abstract Molecular mechanisms involved in the development of muscle pain induced by static contraction are not completely elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the involvement of the transient ...receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) receptors expressed in peripheral and central terminals of primary afferents projected to gastrocnemius muscle and spinal cord in muscle pain induced by static contraction. An electrical stimulator provided the contraction of rat gastrocnemius muscle and mechanical muscle hyperalgesia was quantified through the pressure analgesimeter Randall-Selitto. AMG9810 and HC030031 were used. When administered in ipsilateral, but not contralateral gastrocnemius muscle, drugs prevented mechanical muscle hyperalgesia induced by static contraction. Similar results were obtained by intrathecal administrations. We propose that, in an inflammatory muscle pain, peripheral and central TRPV1 and TRPA1 work together to sensitize nociceptive afferent fibers, and that TRPV1 and TRPA1 receptors are potential target to control inflammatory muscle pain.
In the Anthropocene, scientists have an imperative to prioritize the sharing of scientific knowledge as a fundamental responsibility in fostering collective action. Scientific names are essential in ...communicating biodiversity, and to maximize their impact, they need to be consistently labeled across all organisms and made accessible to diverse audiences. In our study, we examined the etymological and temporal patterns in naming practices of rotifers and microcrustaceans (cladocerans and copepods). By analyzing a dataset comprising 992 species present in Brazil, but described worldwide since the eighteenth century, we identified various factors influencing specific epithets, including morphology, ecology, behavior, geography, and cultural references, as well as names honoring notable individuals. Our findings revealed that while morphology was the primary basis for etymology (62.1%) in naming rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods, its relative importance has decreased over time. We observed a significant increase in etymologies related to geography and the recognition of influential scientists in the field. Furthermore, our study unveiled a gender bias, with male scientists being more frequently honored with species names (86.4%). In addition to acknowledging the contributions made by taxonomists studying these groups, our study offers valuable insights intended to stimulate reflections on the significance of naming practices in biodiversity research and communication, in line with current social-ecological needs.
The Cerrado is home of the headwaters of some important Brazilian basins. Such biome has a high diversity of animal and plant species with a high degree of endemism. This premise is well documented ...for microcrustaceans of the Superorder Cladocera, although many areas still need sampling. In this context, the objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the geographic distribution and richness of Cladocera in the Cerrado biome. The analyzed data were obtained from the authors database on Brazilian Cladocera and distributed according to the hydrographic regions comprised in the biome. Species distribution models were used to determine the areas with the highest probability of occurrence of Cladocera. We analyzed 125 publications, resulting in 2829 records. In total, we obtained 161 taxa, belonging to 48 genera and seven families. Regarding the Hydrographic Regions, Paraná presented the highest richness, followed by TocantinsAraguaia and São Francisco. Our result indicates that most studies are concentrated in certain areas. Furthermore, the species distribution models indicated that transition areas between biomes have the highest probability of occurrence of genera and families. Our results indicate significant gaps in the knowledge, making it necessary to expand inventories and ecological studies in areas still unsampled.
Magnospina gen. n. was created to relocate species of the dentifera-group from Alona sensu lato (Crustacea: Cladocera) and include Magnospina dentifera comb. n. and Magnospina siamensis comb. n. The ...synapomorphies of the Magnospina gen. n. are (1) basal spines longer than 2/3 of the postabdominal claw, (2) presence of 1-4 large denticles, broad at their bases, protruding downwards, without setules between them. Morphological traits such as habitus, rostrum and postabdomen shape, armature of IDL setae, number of setae on the exopod of limb III are also important in the distinction between Magnospina gen. n. and other genera from the Coronatella-branch. The morphology of Magnospina dentifera comb. n. male confirms the closer relationship with the clade composed by the elgans-group from Alona sensu lato, Ovalona and Leberis, but the external morphology, morphology of the postabdominal claw, basal spine and setae 2-3 of IDL support their separation from any of the group cited. It is concluded that the Coronatella-lineage of Aloninae is composed of the genera Coronatella, Anthalona, Karualona, Bergamina, Extremalona, Ovalona, Celsinotum, Leberis and Magnospina gen. n. The elegans-group from Alona sensu lato also belongs to Coronatella-lineage, but still need formal allocation.
Cuarenta y un taxones de Cladóceros fueron identificados en las charcas temporales en el curso de este estudio, de los cuales 15 son nuevos registros para el departamento de la Guajira y uno para ...Colombia. Con la adición de estos nuevos reportes se incrementa el total de cladóceras para Colombia y el departamento de La Guajira en 111 y 46 especies respectivamente. El departamento de La Guajira contiene el 41.44% de los taxones de cladóceros del territorio colombiano. Las charcas con mayor y menor riqueza fue la Ponderosa y la de Manaure con 37 y 2 especies respectivamente. También se proporcionan notas descriptivas, comentarios comparativos sobre morfología e ilustraciones para algunos taxones notables.
Non-native species’ introductions have increased in the last decades primarily due to anthropogenic causes such as climate change and globalization of trade.
Moina macrocopa
, a stress-tolerant ...cladoceran widely used in bioassays and aquaculture, is spreading in temporary and semi-temporary natural ponds outside its natural range. Here, we characterize the variations in the climatic niche of
M. macrocopa
during its invasions outside the native Palearctic range following introduction into the American continent. Specifically, we examined to what extent the climatic responses of this species have diverged from those characteristics for its native range. We also made predictions for its potential distribution under current and future scenarios. We found that the environmental space occupied by this species in its native and introduced distribution areas shares more characteristics than randomly expected. However, the introduced niche has a high degree of unfilling when displacing its original space towards the extension to drier and hotter conditions. Accordingly,
M. macrocopa
can invade new areas where it has not yet been recorded in response to warming temperatures and decreasing winter precipitation. In particular, temporary ponds are more vulnerable environments where climatic and environmental stresses may also lower biotic resistance.
The effect of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), individually or in combination with two commercial carbohydrases, in piglet diets was assessed on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and meat ...quality traits. Forty post‐weaned male piglets from Large White × Landrace sows crossed with Pietrain boars with an initial live weight of 12.0 ± 0.89 kg were used. Piglets were assigned to one of four dietary treatments (n = 10): cereal and soya bean meal base diet (control), base diet with 10% Spirulina (SP), SP diet supplemented with 0.005% Rovabio® Excel AP (SP + R) and SP diet supplemented with 0.01% lysozyme (SP + L). Animals were slaughtered after a 4‐week experimental period. Growth performance was negatively affected by the incorporation of Spirulina in the diets, with an average decrease of 9.1% on final weight, in comparison with control animals. Total tract apparent digestibility (TTAD) of crude protein was higher (p < .05) in the control group than in other groups. In addition, lysozyme increased TTAD of crude fat and acid detergent fibre, relative to the SP and control groups, respectively. In addition, the incorporation of Spirulina, individually and supplemented with enzymes, did not impair meat quality traits. Surprisingly, no protective effect against lipid oxidation was observed with the inclusion of Spirulina in pork after 7 days of storage. This study indicates that growth performance of post‐weaning piglets was impaired by the incorporation of 10% Spirulina in the diets, which is mediated by an increase in digesta viscosity and a lower protein digestibility, as a consequence of the resistance of microalga proteins to the action of endogenous peptidases. In addition, it also indicates that lysozyme, in contrast to Rovabio® Excel AP, is efficient in the degradation of Spirulina cell wall in piglet's intestine. However, the digestion of proteins liberated by Spirulina cell wall disruption is still a challenge.
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