In this correspondence, the outage probability (OP) of dual-hop cognitive amplify-and-forward (AF) relay networks subject to independent non-identically distributed (i.n.i.d.) Nakagami- m fading is ...examined. We assume a spectrum-sharing environment, where two different strategies are proposed to determine the transmit powers of the secondary network. Specifically, the transmit power conditions of the proposed spectrum-sharing network are governed by either the combined power constraint of the interference on the primary network and the maximum transmission power at the secondary network or the single power constraint of the interference on the primary network. Closed-form lower bounds and asymptotic expressions for the OP are derived. Regardless of the transmit power constraint, we reveal that the diversity order is strictly defined by the minimum fading severity between the two hops of the secondary network. This aligns with the well-known result for conventional dual-hop AF relaying without spectrum sharing. Furthermore, the impact of the primary network on the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff is investigated. We confirm that the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff is independent of the primary network.
An unsymmetrical salen-type Schiff base ligand, (Z)-1-(((2-((E)-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzylidene)amino)phenyl)amino)methylene)naphthalen-2(1H)-one, and its Zn(II), Cu(II), Co(II), Mn(II), and Fe(III) ...complexes were synthesized and characterized by mass (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectra, and effective magnetic moments. The thermal analyses of the obtained ligand and metal complexes were conducted by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Antimicrobial activity of the unsymmetrical Schiff base ligand and its metal complexes were examined for Staphylococcus aureus as Gram-positive bacteria and Escherichia coli as Gram-negative bacteria. In vitro anticancer property of synthetic compounds was estimated against human cancer cell lines, a subline of Hela tumor cell line (KB), and a human liver cancer cell line (HepG-2) as well.
This paper investigates several important performance metrics of cognitive amplify-and-forward (AF) relay networks with a best relay selection strategy and subject to non-identical Rayleigh fading. ...In particular, assuming a spectrum sharing environment consists of one secondary user (SU) source, K SU relays, one SU destination, and one primary user (PU) receiver, closed-form expressions for the outage probability (OP), average symbol error probability (SEP), and ergodic capacity of the SU network are derived. The correctness of the proposed analysis is corroborated via Monte Carlo simulations and readily allows us to evaluate the impact of the key system parameters on the end-to-end performance. An asymptotic analysis is also carried out and reveals that the diversity gain is defined by the number of relays pertaining to the SU network (i.e., K), being therefore not affected by the interference power constraint of the PU network.
Sustainable agriculture is crucial for achieving SDG2 and building a resilient climate-food system. This study provides a nuanced understanding of factors that influence the adoption of precision ...agriculture technology by Vietnamese smallholder rice farmers as a sustainable agricultural solution. The study’s objectives are: (1) to provide a nuanced understanding of factors that influence adoption of precision agriculture technology by Vietnamese smallholder rice farmers; and (2) to identify factors associated with agricultural practice in Vietnam that may impact the adoption of precision agriculture technology. The study conducted 35 semi-structured interviews with smallholder rice farmers and agriculture experts. Data were analyzed using iterative thematic analysis. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model was used for empirical analysis. The UTAUT constructs of Performance expectancy, Effort expectancy, Government support, and Social influence were found to be determinants of adoption. Trialability and Observability impact Effort expectancy and Performance expectancy. We also discovered that the performance of agricultural cooperatives and support of lead firms play a crucial role in facilitating agricultural technology adoption by Vietnamese smallholder rice farmers. The results confirm the applicability of UTAUT in defining smallholders’ behavioural intention and predicting agricultural technology adoption. The study also provides constructive feedback on the UTAUT model by highlighting the effect of agricultural cooperatives’ performance as innovation intermediaries and of the support of lead firms.
This study investigated the seasonal variation and chemical characteristics of atmospheric PMsub.2.5 at an urban site in Hanoi City of Vietnam in summer (July 2020) and winter (January 2021) periods. ...The study results showed that the average value of daily PMsub.2.5 concentrations observed for the winter period was about 3 times higher than the counterpart for the summer period. The concentrations of major species in atmospheric PMsub.2.5 (SOsub.4 sup.2− , NHsub.4 sup.+ , Ksup.+ , OC and EC) measured during the winter period were also significantly higher than those during the summer period. The contribution of secondary sources to the measured OC (the largest contributor to PMsub.2.5 ) was larger than that of primary sources during the winter period, compared to those in the summer period. The correlation analysis among anions and cations in PMsub.2.5 suggested that different sources and atmospheric processes could influence the seasonal variations of PMsub.2.5 species. The unfavorable meteorological conditions (lower wind speed and lower boundary layer height) in the winter period were identified as one of the key factors contributing to the high PMsub.2.5 pollution in this period. With the predominance of north and northeast winds during the winter period, the long-range transport of air pollutants which emitted from the highly industrialized areas and the intensive fire regions in the southern part of China and Southeast Asia region were likely other important sources for the highly elevated concentrations of PMsub.2.5 and its chemical species in the study area.
The co-localization of the lysosomal protease cathepsin B (CTSB) and the digestive zymogen trypsinogen is a prerequisite for the initiation of acute pancreatitis. However, the exact molecular ...mechanisms of co-localization are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of lysosomes in the onset of acute pancreatitis by using two different experimental approaches. Using an acinar cell-specific genetic deletion of the ras-related protein Rab7, important for intracellular vesicle trafficking and fusion, we analyzed the subcellular distribution of lysosomal enzymes and the severity of pancreatitis in vivo and ex vivo. Lysosomal permeabilization was performed by the lysosomotropic agent Glycyl-
L
-phenylalanine 2-naphthylamide (GPN). Acinar cell-specific deletion of Rab7 increased endogenous CTSB activity and despite the lack of re-distribution of CTSB from lysosomes to the secretory vesicles, the activation of CTSB localized in the zymogen compartment still took place leading to trypsinogen activation and pancreatic injury. Disease severity was comparable to controls during the early phase but more severe at later time points. Similarly, GPN did not prevent CTSB activation inside the secretory compartment upon caerulein stimulation, while lysosomal CTSB shifted to the cytosol. Intracellular trypsinogen activation was maintained leading to acute pancreatitis similar to controls. Our results indicate that initiation of acute pancreatitis seems to be independent of the presence of lysosomes and that fusion of lysosomes and zymogen granules is dispensable for the disease onset. Intact lysosomes rather appear to have protective effects at later disease stages.
We examine the impact of multiple primary transmitters and receivers (PU-TxRx) on the outage performance of cognitive decode-and-forward relay networks. In such a joint relaying/spectrum-sharing ...arrangement, we address fundamental questions concerning three key power constraints: 1) maximum transmit power at the secondary transmitter (SU-Tx), 2) peak interference power at the primary receivers (PU-Rx), and 3) interference power at SU-Rx caused by the primary transmitter (PU-Tx). Our answers to these are given in new analytical expressions for the exact and asymptotic outage probability of the secondary relay network. Based on our asymptotic expressions, important design insights into the impact of primary transceivers on the performance of cognitive relay networks is reached. We have shown that zero diversity order is attained when the peak interference power at the PU-Rx is independent of the maximum transmit power at the SU-Tx.
Oysters and clams are abundant and popularly consumed seafood in Viet Nam. These bivalves were proved to be suitable bioindicators to assess the heavy metal accumulation in the aquatic environment. ...The study is to investigate heavy metals such as As, Cd, Hg and Pb in the cultured oysters Saccostrea glomerata and clams Meretrix lyrata collected in VanDon - Quang Ninh, and CatBa - Hai Phong. The results showed that the metal heavy concentrations in the oysters Saccostrea glomerata and clams Meretrix lyrata presented in the order of As > Cd > Pb > Hg. The most polluted concentration with As among four heavy metals studied in six sampling sites was 2.81 ± 1.07 and 1.6 ± 0.62 mg/kg wet weight for clams and oysters, respectively. Investigated heavy metals in cultured oysters and clams indicated potential risks for human health in future by assessment of the heavy metals.
•Heavy metals were considered as toxic contaminants into the aquatic environment.•The heavy metal concentrations in the oysters Saccostrea glomerata and clams Meretrix lyrata presented in the order of As > Cd > Pb > Hg.•The most polluted As concentration with averages of 2.81 ± 1.07 and 1.6 ± 0.62 mg/kg wet weight for clams and oysters, respectively.•The potential risks for human health by heavy metal accumulation in seafood.
Dengue fever (DF) represents a significant health burden in Vietnam, which is forecast to worsen under climate change. The development of an early-warning system for DF has been selected as a ...prioritised health adaptation measure to climate change in Vietnam.
This study aimed to develop an accurate DF prediction model in Vietnam using a wide range of meteorological factors as inputs to inform public health responses for outbreak prevention in the context of future climate change.
Convolutional neural network (CNN), Transformer, long short-term memory (LSTM), and attention-enhanced LSTM (LSTM-ATT) models were compared with traditional machine learning models on weather-based DF forecasting. Models were developed using lagged DF incidence and meteorological variables (measures of temperature, humidity, rainfall, evaporation, and sunshine hours) as inputs for 20 provinces throughout Vietnam. Data from 1997-2013 were used to train models, which were then evaluated using data from 2014-2016 by Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE).
LSTM-ATT displayed the highest performance, scoring average places of 1.60 for RMSE-based ranking and 1.95 for MAE-based ranking. Notably, it was able to forecast DF incidence better than LSTM in 13 or 14 out of 20 provinces for MAE or RMSE, respectively. Moreover, LSTM-ATT was able to accurately predict DF incidence and outbreak months up to 3 months ahead, though performance dropped slightly compared to short-term forecasts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time deep learning methods have been employed for the prediction of both long- and short-term DF incidence and outbreaks in Vietnam using unique, rich meteorological features.
This study demonstrates the usefulness of deep learning models for meteorological factor-based DF forecasting. LSTM-ATT should be further explored for mitigation strategies against DF and other climate-sensitive diseases in the coming years.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
