The development of transparent and stretchable (TS) electronics can enable a plethora of new applications such as TS integrated circuits, displays and sensors where high levels of both optical ...transparency and stretchability are required for conformal placement of devices on the human body or any arbitrary surface. Over the past decade, there has been enormous progress in the development of new materials, novel structural engineering, and smart fabrication processes for TS electronic devices including TS sensors, field-effect transistors, optoelectronic components, nanogenerators, supercapacitors, and heaters. TS electronic devices can be made by geometric engineering of traditional transparent and flexible electronic materials or developing new materials that are intrinsically transparent and stretchable. Herein, we review recent advances in TS electronic materials (such as conductors, semiconductors, and insulators) and TS electronic devices. Some representative examples that highlight the unique optical, electrical and mechanical properties of TS materials and devices are also discussed in detail. Conclusions and future prospects for the development of TS electronic devices are discussed in the final section.
Herein, we review recent advances in transparent stretchable electronic materials and transparent stretchable electronic devices. Some representative examples that highlight the unique optical, electrical and mechanical properties of transparent stretchable materials and devices are also discussed in detail.
Two new compounds, named eudesm-4(15),7-diene-3α,9β,11-triol (1) and eudesm-4(15),7-diene-1β,3α,9β,11-tetraol (2) together with three known sesquiterpene lactones (1S,5R,7R,10R)-secoatractylolactone ...(3), (1S,5R,7R,10R)-secoatractylolactone-11-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) atractylenolide III (5) were isolated from the rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala. Their structures were elucidated by using one-dimensional (1D) and 2D-NMR spectra and high resolution electrospray ionization (HR-ESI)-MS data. Compound 5 exhibited the most active anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 values of 27.5 µM in inhibiting of nitric oxide production. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 showed moderate effects while compound 4 was inactive.
A promising solution for phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils is to use plants in combination with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB). In this study, we subjected to isolate PSB from paddy ...soil and investigate their ability in improving the phytoremediation of lead (Pb2+) by a weed plant (Echinochloa colona (L.) Link) as well as in promoting the growth of E. colona under Pb stress condition. Total 06 PSB (labeled from TB01 to TB06) were isolated and the TB04 showed the strongest phosphate-solubilizing activity with the highest values of phosphorus solubilization index (PSI = 7.13) obtained from Ca3(PO4)2. Especially, the phosphorus solubilizing ability of the TB04 strain was not affected by the high Pb2+concentration. The TB04 strain was identified as Pseudomonas putida Trevisan, 1889 (accession number FJ976601.1). Furthermore, E. colona inoculated with TB04 strain significantly increased the phytoremediation efficiency of Pb from Pb-contaminated soil and the growth was enhanced clearly. These results suggest that the TB04 strain could potentially use as an inoculant in combination with E. colona to construct novel constructed wetlands for phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soil.
Solution-gated reduced graphene oxide field-effect transistors (R-GO FETs) were investigated for pH sensing and biochemical sensing applications. A channel of a networked R-GO film formed by ...self-assembly was incorporated as a sensing layer into a solution-gated FET structure for pH sensing and the detection of acetylcholine (Ach), which is a neurotransmitter in the nerve system, through enzymatic reactions. The fabricated R-GO FET was sensitive to protons (H+) with a pH sensitivity of 29mV/pH in terms of the shift of the charge neutrality point (CNP), which is attributed to changes in the surface potential caused by the interaction of protons with OH surface functional groups present on the R-GO surface. The R-GO FET immobilized with acetylcholinesterase (AchE) was used to detect Ach in the concentration range of 0.1–10mM by sensing protons generated during the enzymatic reactions. The results indicate that R-GO FETs provide the capability to detect protons, demonstrating their applicability as a biosensing device for enzymatic reactions.
► R-GO FETs are investigated for pH sensing and biochemical sensing applications. ► pH sensing using R-GO FET shows Nernstian behavior and good reversibility. ► The pH sensing mechanism can be presumably explained by the site binding theory. ► The R-GO FET is applied for detection of acetylcholine based on its pH sensitivity.
Transparent stretchable (TS) sensors capable of detecting and distinguishing touch and pressure inputs are a promising development in wearable electronics. However, realization of such a device has ...been limited by difficulties in achieving optical transparency, stretchability, high sensitivity, stability, and distinguishable responsivity to two stimuli simultaneously. Herein, we report a TS sensor in which touch and pressure stimuli can be detected and distinguished on a substrate with a stress-relieving three-dimensional (3D) microstructured pattern providing multidirectional stretchability and increased pressure sensitivity. The TS capacitive device structure is a dielectric layer sandwiched between an upper piezoresistive electrode of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/ionic liquid composite, which enables touch and pressure stimuli to be distinguished, and a lower electrode of metal/indium tin oxide/metal multilayer. The TS sensor array was demonstrated as a wearable input device for controlling a small vehicle. The TS touch-pressure sensor has great potential to be used as a multimodal input device for future wearable electronics.Wearable electronics: bumpy textures improve human–machine interactionsA 3D-textured material has helped researchers develop a transparent patch that can act as an ergonomic electronic controller. Nae-Eung Lee from Sungkyunkwan University in Suwon, South Korea, and colleagues created a body-attachable touchscreen using an organic polymer that conducts different amounts of electricity depending on how hard it is pressed. After assembling this polymer into a transparent thin-film capacitor, the team encased it in a silicone material with thousands of microscale dimples. Experiments showed that the bumpy coating randomized the effects of mechanical stress effects occurring when the patch was attached to the wrist of human volunteers, extending device lifetime to over 10,000 cycles. The polymer device could electronically distinguish between a light touch and sustained pressure, enabling subjects to steer or accelerate a toy car with just one finger.
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•185 out of 940 organic chemicals were found in river sediments in Vietnam.•Rivers were mainly polluted with chemicals originating from domestic sources.•Urban canals were heavily ...polluted with pyrethroid insecticides.•PAHs and OCPs compounds had concentrations exceed sediment quality guidelines.•This comprehensive analytical method is a useful tool for environmental surveys.
In order to obtain a detailed picture of pollution by organic micro-pollutants in Vietnamese rivers, 940 semi-volatile organic compounds in river sediments collected from four major cities were examined by a comprehensive gas chromatography–mass spectrometry-database. The number of detected chemicals at each site ranged from 49 to 158 (median 96 out of 940) with 185 analytes detected at least once in the survey. The substances detected with high frequency (over 80%) and high concentrations were n-alkanes, phthalates, sterols and PAHs. For most substances, sediments from metropolitan areas (Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City) were more heavily contaminated than those in rural and suburban areas. Sterols were observed in nearly 100% of sediments at extremely high concentrations, suggesting that the studied rivers were contaminated by sewage. Pyrethroids (permethrin-1 and -2) were the most dominant insecticides found in inner canals of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Deltamethrin was only detected at a site in Hanoi at an elevated concentration. This reflects that pyrethroids are used for the protection of private and public health rather than for agriculture. p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDD were the dominant members of the DDT family of chemicals detected, indicating no recent inputs of DDTs in the study areas. PCBs residues were lower than those in other Asian countries, which suggest historically much lower use of PCBs in Vietnam. PAHs pollution in urban areas is caused by the runoff of petroleum products and vehicle exhaust gases, whereas in rural and suburban areas, the combustion of fossil fuels and biomass is major sources of PAHs. Overall, the study confirmed that rivers in Vietnam were heavily polluted mainly by domestic wastewater.
In this study, a systematic multi-spectroscopic analysis of microplastics (MPs) sampled from a metropolitan area of Seoul was undertaken to elevate understanding of the role of wastewater treatment ...plants (WWTPs) in eliminating suspended contaminants including MPs before releasing the effluent water into the environment. We analyzed pollutants in influent and effluent samples from a WWTP in Seoul, South Korea. Spectroscopic and microscopic methods were used to analyze MPs. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in the wavenumber region between 4000 and 715 cm−1 was employed to estimate the abundance of MPs in wastewater. Stereomicroscope images and Nile red staining were used to facilely identify MPs in both influents and effluents to compare the results with those of FT-IR data. Hyperspectral imaging could identify MPs in the influent sample with the reflection method at 400–900 nm. Our preliminary results indicate that the most observed MPs after the wastewater were filtered by a 45 μm stainless steel mesh filter were polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). The total number of the prevalent MPs in influent samples decreased significantly. Nanostructure particles could be found by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Our combined multi-spectroscopic study should be helpful to provide a guideline for the rapid spectroscopic analysis of freshwater in the Han River, Seoul, South Korea.
•MP contaminants from a WWTP in Seoul were analyzed by microspectroscopic tools.•Electron microscopy was introduced to estimate the morphologies of MPs in wastewater.•Infrared spectroscopy and Nile red staining were used to count MPs in wastewater.•A considerable reduction of MPs was found between the influent and effluent of the WWTP.
This work describes a straightforward method using one-step preparation of graphene/nickel nanocomposite materials from low-cost materials including graphene oxide and nickel metal. Repetitive CVs ...lead to the simultaneous deposition of metallic nickel nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide sheets onto glassy carbon electrode. The obtained nanocomposite-modified surfaces were characterised by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The result demonstrated the ability to produce nickel nanoparticles with a small size of about 20 nm, uniformly dispersed on a graphene oxide matrix. The ERGO-NiNP nanocomposite could be used as a sensor material exhibiting high performance; it is used here in order to detect Sunset Yellow (SY) and for quantification in complex media. The sensor enables rapid quantification of SY with a good linearity (R2 = 0.996) in the range of 10–1000 nM, together with a low detection limit of 3.7 nM (equivalent to 1.7 µg L−1) and a high sensitivity up to 7 µA/µM. The sensor also displays high reliability with a RSD value = 1.08 (n = 10) and good reusability (signal response variation below 5% after 5 detection/cleaning cycles). Finally, we demonstrate how this GCE/ERGO-NiNP sensor can be used for the successful determination of SY in commercial soft drink samples with an acceptable deviation below 6.4% when compared to HPLC method.
The feeling of touch is an essential human sensation. Four types of mechanoreceptors (i.e., FA-I, SA-I, FA-II, and SA-II) in human skin signalize physical properties, such as shape, size, and ...texture, of an object that is touched and transmit the signal to the brain. Previous studies attempted to investigate the mechanical properties of skin microstructure and their effect on mechanoreceptors by using finite element modeling. However, very few studies have focused on the three-dimensional microstructure of dermal papillae, and this is related to that of FA-I receptors. A gap exists between conventional 2D models of dermal papillae and the natural configuration, which corresponds to a complex and uneven structure with depth. In this study, the three-dimensional microstructure of dermal papillae is modeled, and the differences between two-dimensional and three-dimensional aspects of dermal papillae on the strain energy density at receptor positions are examined. The three-dimensional microstructure has a focalizing effect and a localizing effect. Results also reveal the potential usefulness of these effects for tactile sensor design, and this may improve edge discrimination.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Phytochemical investigation of the whole plants of Vernonia gratiosa Hance. led in the isolation and identification of two new stigmastane-type steroidal glucosides (1-2), namely vernogratiosides A ...(1), and B (2). Their chemical structures were fully elucidated based on 1 D/2D NMR spectroscopic, HR-ESI-MS data analyses, and by producing derivatives by chemical reactions. The binding potential of the isolated compounds to replicase protein − main protease of SARS-CoV-2 were examined using the molecular docking simulations. Our results show that the isolated steroidal glucosides (1-2) bind to the substrate-binding site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease with binding affinities of −7.2 and −7.6 kcal/mol, respectively, as well as binding abilities equivalent to N3 inhibitor that has already been reported (-7.5 kcal/mol).
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