Abstract
Background
Gender-biased discrimination and preferences are global phenomena, particularly son preferences. However, updated evidence about this issue in Vietnam has not yet been provided. ...Therefore, this study aimed to examine the gender preferences among pregnant women and identify associated factors of such preferences.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in two hospitals in Vietnam with 732 pregnant women. Gender preferences for their child were asked, along with socio-demographic (e.g., education, occupation) and pregnancy characteristics (e.g., pressure to have a son, gender of first child, the importance to have a son of family members, and information sources on pregnancy care) by using face-to-face interviews and a structured questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with gender preferences.
Results
About 51.9% of the participants had no gender preference, while, among those who had a gender preference, 26.5% preferred sons, and 21.6% preferred daughters. Only 6.2% had pressure to have a son. Having the first child who was female (OR = 4.16, 95%CI = 1.54–11.25), having the pressure to have a son (OR = 6.77, 95%CI = 2.06–22.26), and higher self-perceived importance to have a son (OR = 3.05, 95%CI = 1.85–5.02) were positively associated with son preference. Otherwise, women having partners with high school education or above (OR = 2.04, 95%CI = 1.06–3.91), living with parents-in-law (OR = 2.33; 95%CI = 1.25–4.34), the higher number of pregnancies, and a higher degree of importance in having a son regarding parents-in-law (OR = 2.15, 95%CI = 1.38–3.35) associated with higher odds of preferring daughter.
Conclusion
This study showed that gender preference was common among pregnant women, but the pressure to have a son was low. Further education programs and legal institutions should be implemented to improve gender inequality and gender preference in society.
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In this Letter, the synthesis and the evaluation of the cytotoxicity of new hemiasterlin analogues were reported. The indole moiety was replaced respectively by benzofurane, ...naphthalene and 4-bromobenzene groups. Most of these derivatives possess strong cytotoxic activity on two human tumour cell lines (KB and Hep-G2), and some analogues showed comparable cytotoxic activity to that observed for paclitaxel and ellipticine, against KB and Hep-G2 cancer cell lines.
Objectives
This study aimed at understanding the patterns of the utilization of prenatal diagnostic (PND) services among pregnant women, their satisfaction and its associated factors at three ...regional prenatal diagnostic centres in Viet Nam.
Methods
A cross-sectional design was used, with a consecutive sampling method to recruit pregnant women who used PND services at the three biggest regional PND services centres in Viet Nam between January and June, 2014. A total of 298 participants, about 100 participants per centre were interviewed and included in data analysis. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression methods were applied to identify association between satisfaction of women and their socio-economic characteristics.
Results
80% of pregnant women received counselling on PND services, whilst 90% received ultrasonography services; 65.4% were satisfied with the PND services they used. Pregnant women, who were in a lower income group and received counselling but did not receive ultrasonography, were more likely to have higher satisfaction levels of PND services.
Conclusions
A process to ensure that every pregnant woman receives sufficient PND counselling before and after receiving PND testing must be given careful and thorough consideration.
Objectives
This study aims to give information on the prenatal diagnostic (PND) services provided in three major regional PND centers in Vietnam.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in ...early 2014. An inventory of services, human resources, facilities, and equipment and in-depth interviews were carried out.
Results
Three regional PND centers were set up between 2007 and 2014, and technical guidelines on PND tests were released by the Ministry of Health in 2010. There were a variety of services among centers, and the number of services provided by the three PND centers was far below the target set by the Ministry of Health. There is still limited capacity of human resources, facilities, and equipment in PND centers. Different measures were implemented by hospitals to improve capacity, including counseling.
Conclusions
Despite a late start, with government support, PND services in Vietnam have developed quickly. However, to reach the objectives of 15 % of women receiving PND services by 2015 and 50 % by 2020, several actions should be taken to expand the service coverage and capacity of centers.
REITs, Growth Options and Beta Tirtiroglu, Dogan; Nguyen, Thu Ha; Tirtiroglu, Ercan ...
The journal of real estate finance and economics,
10/2017, Letnik:
55, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Are REITs income stocks,
only
? Following Myers (
1977
) and Bernardo et al. (
2007
), we examine empirically REITs’ unlevered betas, betas of growth options, betas of assets-in-place and the ...difference between the latter two in detail for 1983–2012, and also for three sequential, distinct, and mutually-exclusive REIT sub-periods. We find that, (i) the betas of growth options are larger than those of assets-in-place, (ii) there are differences in these betas across Equity REITs’ sub-sectors and sub-periods, (iii) REITs with a high growth profile tend to employ more short-term debt and are mainly listed on NASDAQ, and (iv) the Global Financial Crisis has influenced considerably the beta estimates across all sub-sectors and REIT types. These findings raise a question mark about the ‘income stock,
only
’ description of REITs. Our findings have important implications for the cost of capital of REITs and their capital budgeting practices. We discuss them, when appropriate, with numerical examples.
Abstract
Background
Self-care behaviors during pregnancy significantly impacts mother and children's health. This study aimed to explore the self-care behaviors and the associations of these ...behaviors with the psychological well-being of women during pregnancy, as well as the mediating effects of different social support with these associations.
Methods
A cross-sectional data of 562 pregnant women at Hanoi Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital and Ca Mau Obstetrics & Pediatrics in Vietnam were analyzed. Questions about self-care behaviors, pregnancy characteristics, social support, and psychological well-being were asked. Multivariate regression models were performed. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to test the mediating effects of different social support with the association between self-care behaviors and psychological well-being.
Findings
Only 13% of pregnant women often or always did physical exercise at least three times a week, and 40% consumed enough fiber and five servings of vegetables a day. Only 78.7% always avoided alcohol drinking, and 53.9% of pregnant women avoided being exposed to second-hand smoking and 71,7% avoided using traditional medicine without physicians’ prescriptions. Around 66% of pregnant women always or often had prenatal care checkups as scheduled. Information sources, social support and childbirth expectation were major drivers for self-care practices. SEM model showed that social support mediated the relationship between maternal health behaviors and mental well-being.
Conclusion
This study highlighted the remarkable gaps in self-care practices among our pregnant women, which were significantly associated with their mental well-being. Social support-oriented consultancy and interventions should be warranted for improving behaviors and the mental well-being of pregnant women in Vietnam.
This study provides a comprehensive assessment of groundwater quality in the Mekong Delta (Vietnam) and their potential risks to human health. The dataset consists of 282 groundwater samples ...collected in dry and rainy seasons between 2017 and 2018. Multiple physio-chemical parameters, groundwater quality index (GWQI), and irrigation water quality indices (IWQI) were employed to evaluate the suitability of groundwater resources for drinking and irrigation purposes. Thereupon, the hazard quotient (HQ), and total hazard index (HI) were used to assess the non-carcinogenic risks to different demographic groups. GWQI indicates that groundwater samples are excellent (41.5%), good (40.4%), poor (17%), and very poor (1.1%) classes for drinking purpose. The total hazard index (HI) indicated that 15.2%, 8.5%, 7.4%, and 7.1% of samples express non-carcinogenic health threats to infants, females, children, and males. Irrigation water quality indices (IWQI), namely, EC, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium bicarbonate (RSBC), soluble sodium percent (SSP), permeability index (PI), and magnesium hazard (MH), reveal that 82.2%, 94%, 20.2%, 69.6%, 45.4% and 12.8% of samples have EC < 2250 μS/cm, SAR <26, RSBC <1.25, SSP <60%, PI > 75%, and MH < 50%, respectively, which are suitable for irrigation use. Wilcox diagram shows that 17.54% of total groundwater samples exceed the permissible levels of salt-tolerant crops and solidity hazards in the study area. Furthermore, high concentrations of nitrate (>50 mg/L) and chloride (>1000 mg/L) were detected in the shallow, intermediate, and deep aquifers. GWQI and IWQ maps imply that groundwater in the South-western area is suitable, whereas groundwater in the central area is not recommended for any purpose. These findings provide useful insights into the vulnerable groundwater system of the coastal lowland area of the Mekong Delta related to human activities (agricultural practices, dam construction) and global climate change impacts. Accordingly, appropriate management strategies for water resources and mitigation solutions are imperatively needed to ensure the sustainability of the groundwater resource and the protection of public health in the Mekong Delta.
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•Multi-groundwater quality indexes were used to determine the groundwater water quality for drinking and irrigation purposes.•Hazard quotient and hazard index were used for the evaluation of nitrate and salinity in terms of public health risk.•Approximately 18% of the groundwater resources in this study area were unsuitable for drinking and irrigation purposes.•Highest risks level of contamination was observed for infants, following by adult females,children, and adult males.
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Heterocyclic naphthoquinones represent valuable scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. In the present Letter, the efficient stereoselective synthesis of new dihydropyrano- and ...dihydrofuranonaphthoquinones by means of one-pot multicomponent reactions using 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, an aromatic aldehyde and ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoroacetoacetate or a pyridinium bromide, respectively, is described.
Abstract
The forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FoxO1) is expressed ubiquitously throughout the central nervous system, including in astrocytes, the most prevalent glial cell type in the brain. ...While the role of FoxO1 in hypothalamic neurons in controlling food intake and energy balance is well‐established, the contribution of astrocytic FoxO1 in regulating energy homeostasis has not yet been determined. In the current study, we demonstrate the essential role of hypothalamic astrocytic FoxO1 in maintaining normal neuronal activity in the hypothalamus and whole‐body glucose metabolism. Inhibition of FoxO1 function in hypothalamic astrocytes shifts the cellular metabolism from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, enhancing astrocyte ATP production and release meanwhile decreasing astrocytic export of lactate. As a result, specific deletion of astrocytic FoxO1, particularly in the hypothalamus, causes a hyperactivation of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y neurons, which leads to an increase in acute feeding and impaired glucose regulation and ultimately results in diet‐induced obesity and systemic glucose dyshomeostasis.
Imidacloprid, acephate, and carbaryl are common insecticides that are extensively used in planting mango, a well-known fruit in Vietnam, to ease mango hopper issues. The accurate detection of ...pesticide residues is critical for mango export to meet quality criteria. This study developed a novel SERS platform by using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to simulate the rose petal structure incorporated with a silver coating layer and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to detect imidacloprid, acephate, and carbaryl in mango fruits. In this paper, the rose petal PDMS/Ag-AgNPs replica was considered the most efficient substrate for SERS measurement with an EF of 4.7 × 107. The Raman spectra of the three insecticides obtained from the PDMS/Ag-AgNPs substrate were clearly observed with their characteristic peaks of 1105 cm−1 for imidacloprid, 1083 cm−1, and 1579 cm−1 for acephate, and 727 cm−1 and 1378 cm−1 for carbaryl. The application of PDMS/Ag-AgNPs substrate in quantitative analysis of the three pesticides in mango fruit was evaluated. As a result, the limit of detection was 0.02 mg/kg for imidacloprid, 5 × 10−5 mg/kg for acephate, and 5 × 10−3 mg/kg for carbaryl. The SERS result also revealed that the pesticide residues in the mango sample were within an acceptable limit. This suggested the possibility of the rose petal PDMS/Ag-AgNPs replica for rapid quantification of pesticide residues not only in mango fruit but also in many other agricultural products.
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