In this study, a total 240 Vencobb strain broiler chicks were randomly divided into 3 groups. The broilers fed with basal diet were kept as control group (C), while T1 and T2 groups broilers were fed ...with zinc oxide nanoparticles @45 mg/kg and @90 mg/kg of basal diet, respectively. Eight chicks out of each group were sacrificed at an interval of 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days and tissue samples from different parts of small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) from each bird were collected, processed, stained and studied for various micrometrical parameters. Histomorphometrical parameters of small intestines showed significantly increasing trend with the advancing age in control, T1 and T2 groups. Significantly higher histomorphometrical parameters of small intestines were recorded inzinc oxide nano-particle supplemented groups when compared to control. Zinc oxide nanoparticle supplementation @90 mg/kg diet in feed of broilers significantly improved histomorphometric characteristics, viz. villus height of duodenum, jejunum and ileum; villus width of ileum, width of muscularis laminae in duodenum and ileum and height of epithelial cells in all three segments of small intestine. Therefore, it is concluded that zinc oxide nanoparticle can be used as a diet supplement for increasing the overall performance in broiler chicks during their growth period, however, supplementation of zinc oxide nanoparticle @90 mg/kg gave better result in broilers for overall better performance.
Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome remains a challenge to treat, but various efforts are underway to better understand the pathogenesis and improve patient outcomes. This review provides an update ...on the newer advances in understanding the molecular etiologies for a variety of podocyte abnormalities, potential circulating factors that may initiate and sustain the steroid-resistant state, genetic mutations, and precision medicine treatment modalities in this continuously perplexing disorder.
In the context of bipolar disorder (BPD) research it was demonstrated that administration of the structurally dissimilar mood stabilizers lithium and valproate produced a striking reduction in ...protein kinase C (PKC) in rat brain. In a small clinical study, tamoxifen (a PKC inhibitor) had antimanic efficacy. However, both lithium and valproate exert many biochemical changes and attribution of therapeutic relevance to any molecular findings needs to be based on linking them to behavioral effects.
The present study was designed to explore such relationship by studying the effects of PKC inhibition in amphetamine-induced behavioral animal models of mania and changes in GAP-43.
The effects of two daily tamoxifen (1 mg/kg) i.p. injections on acute or chronic (7 injections) amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) -induced behaviors and GAP-43 phosphorylation were tested.
The study demonstrates that tamoxifen significantly reduced amphetamine-induced hyperactivity in a large open field without affecting spontaneous activity levels and normalized amphetamine-induced increase in visits to the center of an open field (representing risk-taking behavior). Tamoxifen also attenuated amphetamine-induced phosphorylation of GAP-43, a result that is consistent with the behavioral findings.
These results support the possibility that PKC signaling may play an important role in the pathophysiology and treatment of BPD. These findings may have direct clinical implications as they offer a new avenue for attempts to develop more specific drugs for the disorder.
Highlights • HPV DNA sequences in cancers may alter DNA damage responses. • ATM gene network-related DNA damage response was studied in cisplatin-treated cells • In renal tubular cells with HPV genes ...DNA damage responses were muted. • Cisplatin cytotoxicity was amplified by arsenic trioxide for treating renal cell carcinoma.
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a recently identified entity in association with COVID-19. AKI has been widely reported in patients with primary COVID-19 infection. However, ...there is a paucity of literature regarding renal injury in MIS-C. We aim to characterize AKI in MIS-C in this cohort identified at a major children's hospital in New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic.
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children 0-20 years old admitted to Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (MSCH) between April 18th and September 23rd, 2020. Patients were included if they met criteria for MIS-C on the basis of CDC guidelines. All patients were evaluated for the presence of AKI, and AKI was staged according to KDIGO criteria.
Of the 57 children who met inclusion criteria, 46% (26 of 57) were found to have AKI. The majority of patients (58%; 15 of 26) were classified as KDIGO stage 1. AKI was present upon admission in 70% of those identified. All patients had resolution of AKI at discharge, with 61% achieving recovery by day 2. One patient required dialysis. When compared with those without renal injury, the AKI cohort was older (
<0.001) and had higher median peak values of CRP (
<0.001), IL-6 (
=0.02), ferritin (
<0.001), and procalcitonin (
=0.02). More patients with AKI had left ventricular systolic dysfunction (
<0.001) and lymphopenia (
=0.01) when compared with those without AKI. No differences in body mass index or sex were found.
Although children with MIS-C may develop AKI, our study suggests that most experience mild disease, swift resolution, and promising outcome. Older age, increased inflammation, and left ventricular systolic dysfunction may be risk factors. Our study highlights the substantial differences in epidemiology and outcomes between AKI associated with pediatric MIS-C versus primary COVID-19 infection.
Eculizumab is an anti-complement C5 monoclonal antibody that has recently been reported as an effective therapy for atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. However, few data are available on the ...preemptive use of this medication in pediatric kidney transplantation. This report describes a successful preemptive use of eculizumab in combination with living unrelated kidney transplanta- tion in a 10-year-old child with end-stage renal disease secondary to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome who has a complement factor H mutation that has not been previously reported. Further observations and clinical trials are required to address the challenges and areas of uncertainty related to preemptive eculizumab therapy for kidney transplantation in children and adults with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) secondary to
infections (pHUS) has been well reported in the literature and accounts for roughly 5% of all the cases of HUS. However, this condition is likely ...under-diagnosed and the incidence is believed to be increasing. Given this increase in incidence of pHUS, it is important to have an understanding of the optimal means to manage the disease. We report a case of a 2-year-old male with pneumonia, acute kidney injury (AKI), microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), and thrombocytopenia, diagnosed with pHUS and successfully treated with antibiotics, washed red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, plasma exchange (PE) with 5% albumin replacement, steroids, and hemodialysis. The response seen in our patient adds to the current literature and further supports the use of PE with albumin in patients with pHUS.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) secondary to Streptococcus pneumoniae infections (pHUS) has been well reported in the literature and accounts for roughly 5% of all the cases of HUS. However, this ...condition is likely under-diagnosed and the incidence is believed to be increasing. Given this increase in incidence of pHUS, it is important to have an understanding of the optimal means to manage the disease. We report a case of a 2-year-old male with pneumonia, acute kidney injury (AKI), microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), and thrombocytopenia, diagnosed with pHUS and successfully treated with antibiotics, washed red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, plasma exchange (PE) with 5% albumin replacement, steroids, and hemodialysis. The response seen in our patient adds to the current literature and further supports the use of PE with albumin in patients with pHUS.
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