Despite their crucial role in health and disease, our knowledge of immune cells within human tissues remains limited. We surveyed the immune compartment of 16 tissues from 12 adult donors by ...single-cell RNA sequencing and VDJ sequencing generating a dataset of ~360,000 cells. To systematically resolve immune cell heterogeneity across tissues, we developed CellTypist, a machine learning tool for rapid and precise cell type annotation. Using this approach, combined with detailed curation, we determined the tissue distribution of finely phenotyped immune cell types, revealing hitherto unappreciated tissue-specific features and clonal architecture of T and B cells. Our multitissue approach lays the foundation for identifying highly resolved immune cell types by leveraging a common reference dataset, tissue-integrated expression analysis, and antigen receptor sequencing.
Depth From Light Fields Analyzing 4D Local Structure Luke, J. P.; Rosa, F.; Marichal-Hernandez, J. G. ...
Journal of display technology,
2015-Nov., 2015-11-00, 20151101, Letnik:
11, Številka:
11
Journal Article
In this paper, we develop a local method to obtain depths from the 4D light field. In contrast to previous local depth from light field methods based on EPIs, e.g., 2D slices of the light field, the ...proposed method takes into account the 4D nature of the light field and uses its four dimensions. Furthermore, our technique adapts well to parallel hardware. The performance of the method is tested against a publicly available benchmark dataset and compared with other algorithms that previously have been tested with the same benchmark. Results show that the proposed method can achieve competitive results in reasonable time.
OBJECTIVE:The aims of this study are to develop and validate a smartphone application, and to evaluate the effect of adding this tool to a standardized intervention designed to improve adherence to ...the Mediterranean diet and to physical activity. In this abstract, we show the baseline data and the evaluation its comparability in both groups.
DESIGN AND METHOD:A randomized, double-blind, multicenter, parallel group clinical trial was carried out. A total of 833 subjects were included (415 in intervention group and 418 in control group). Counseling common to both groups (control (CG) and intervention (IG)) was provided on adaptation to the Mediterranean diet and on physical activity. The intervention group moreover received a training on the use of a smartphone application designed to promote a healthy diet and increased physical activity for three months. The main endpoints were the changes in physical activity, assessed by accelerometer and the 7 day Physical Activity Recall interview, and adaptation to the Mediterranean diet.
RESULTS:The mean age was 51.4 in IG and 52.3 in CG; women was 64 and 60% respectively with no difference between groups. No differences were found in marital status, educational level and employment status. We also found no difference in clinical (body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure) biochemical (glucose and lipids) and hemodynamic variables analyzed. The mean dose of physical activity was 865.8 METS / minute/week in CG and 864.6 in IG, being active (> 450 METS / min / week) 48.6 and 49.2 respectively (p > 0.05). The count / minute by accelerometer were 65.9 in CG and 64.4 in IG (p > 0.05). The mean number of criteria compliments of Mediterranean diet was 7.2 and 7.4 and the percent subject with correct compliment (> = 9) were 28% in CG and 34% in IG respectively (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS:The comparability of both groups at baseline is appropriate, since it is not found significant differences in either the main variables or other demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters that could be confounding.
Primary immunodeficiency disorders enable identification of genes with crucial roles in the human immune system. Here we study patients suffering from recurrent bacterial, viral and Cryptosporidium ...infections, and identify a biallelic mutation in the MAP3K14 gene encoding NIK (NF-κB-inducing kinase). Loss of kinase activity of mutant NIK, predicted by in silico analysis and confirmed by functional assays, leads to defective activation of both canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signalling. Patients with mutated NIK exhibit B-cell lymphopenia, decreased frequencies of class-switched memory B cells and hypogammaglobulinemia due to impaired B-cell survival, and impaired ICOSL expression. Although overall T-cell numbers are normal, both follicular helper and memory T cells are perturbed. Natural killer (NK) cells are decreased and exhibit defective activation, leading to impaired formation of NK-cell immunological synapses. Collectively, our data illustrate the non-redundant role for NIK in human immune responses, demonstrating that loss-of-function mutations in NIK can cause multiple aberrations of lymphoid immunity.
Euclid preparation Bretonnière, H.; Kuchner, U.; Merlin, E. ...
Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin),
03/2023, Letnik:
671
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The various
Euclid
imaging surveys will become a reference for studies of galaxy morphology by delivering imaging over an unprecedented area of 15 000 square degrees with high spatial resolution. In ...order to understand the capabilities of measuring morphologies from
Euclid
-detected galaxies and to help implement measurements in the pipeline of the Organisational Unit MER of the Euclid Science Ground Segment, we have conducted the Euclid Morphology Challenge, which we present in two papers. While the companion paper focusses on the analysis of photometry, this paper assesses the accuracy of the parametric galaxy morphology measurements in imaging predicted from within the Euclid Wide Survey. We evaluate the performance of five state-of-the-art surface-brightness-fitting codes,
DeepLeGATo
,
Galapagos-2
,
Morfometryka
,
ProFit
and
SourceXtractor++
, on a sample of about 1.5 million simulated galaxies (350 000 above 5
σ
) resembling reduced observations with the
Euclid
VIS and NIR instruments. The simulations include analytic Sérsic profiles with one and two components, as well as more realistic galaxies generated with neural networks. We find that, despite some code-specific differences, all methods tend to achieve reliable structural measurements (< 10% scatter on ideal Sérsic simulations) down to an apparent magnitude of about
I
E
= 23 in one component and
I
E
= 21 in two components, which correspond to a signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 1 and 5, respectively. We also show that when tested on non-analytic profiles, the results are typically degraded by a factor of 3, driven by systematics. We conclude that the official
Euclid
Data Releases will deliver robust structural parameters for at least 400 million galaxies in the Euclid Wide Survey by the end of the mission. We find that a key factor for explaining the different behaviour of the codes at the faint end is the set of adopted priors for the various structural parameters.
In this study,
DOCK2
mutations were linked to an autosomal recessive form of congenital immunodeficiency and early-onset bacterial and viral infections. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell ...transplantation led to normalization of T-cell function and clinical improvement.
Combined immunodeficiencies comprise a heterogeneous group of inherited defects of the immune system that are characterized by quantitative or qualitative defects of T lymphocytes. These defects are associated with primary or secondary defects of B lymphocytes.
1
In patients with combined immunodeficiencies, impairment of adaptive immunity causes increased susceptibility to early-onset, severe infections with a variety of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
1
,
2
Autoimmune manifestations, allergies, and cancers can also occur.
2
Identification of gene defects that cause combined immunodeficiencies has helped patients considerably, provided new and important insights into mechanisms governing T-cell development and function in humans,
2
and led to an . . .
![[OP.8D.07] EFFECTIVENESS OF...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/0263-6352/small "[OP.8D.07] EFFECTIVENESS OF A SMARTPHONE APPLICATION FOR IMPROVING HEALTHY LIFESTYLES. A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL (EVIDENT II): BASELINE DATA")
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