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A three-step sequence to construct pyrroles from three components including 2,2-dimethoxyethylamine, aryl/alkyl sulfonyl chlorides and alkynes bearing electron-withdrawing groups is ...presented. The pyrroles are proposed to arise via a 5-exo-trig cyclization proceeding through both oxocarbenium and N-sulfonyliminium ions. This modular route allows for the variability at the N-sulfonyl group, the C2 and C3 substituents for rational vectoring of the pyrrole nucleus for downstream processes.
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has severely impacted the meat processing industry in the United States. We sought to detail demographics and outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome ...coronavirus 2 infections among workers in Nebraska meat processing facilities and determine the effects of initiating universal mask policies and installing physical barriers at 13 meat processing facilities. During April 1-July 31, 2020, COVID-19 was diagnosed in 5,002 Nebraska meat processing workers (attack rate 19%). After initiating both universal masking and physical barrier interventions, 8/13 facilities showed a statistically significant reduction in COVID-19 incidence in <10 days. Characteristics and incidence of confirmed cases aligned with many nationwide trends becoming apparent during this pandemic: specifically, high attack rates among meat processing industry workers, disproportionately high risk of adverse outcomes among ethnic and racial minority groups and men, and effectiveness of using multiple prevention and control interventions to reduce disease transmission.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background: Self-reported questionnaires are a common method used in
identifying individuals with ankle instability. Recently a study illustrated the
singular use of any of the most frequently ...utilized questionnaires failed to
significantly predict ankle stability status. Therefore, the purpose of this article
was to present information related to the development of the Identification of
Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI). Methods: Volunteers
(n = 278; 125 males, 153 females, 19.8 ± 1.4 years) completed the
IdFAI on one occasion. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted with principal
axis factoring as the extraction method with varimax rotation. Additionally, a
discriminant function analysis was conducted to identify a discrimination score and
to evaluate the accuracy of the questionnaire. Results: The factor
analysis revealed: factor 1 (four questions) explained 53.7% of the variance, factor
2 (four questions) with an additional 17.4%, and factor 3 (two questions) an
additional 6.3%. Overall, these factors accounted for 77.4% of the variance. There
was a distinct discrimination score of 10.3 to identify people who have the minimally
accepted criteria for FAI. Overall, the IdFAI has an accuracy of 89.6%.
Conclusion: This investigation showed that the IdFAI was a
feasible and appropriate way to identify individuals with FAI. Clinical
Relevance: We suggest clinicians and researchers utilize the IdFAI to
identify individuals with functional ankle instability since it is a short, simple,
easy questionnaire to administer and take, and has been shown to have excellent
accuracy.
(
)-(+)-3,5-dinitro-
-(1-phenylethyl)benzothioamide
is a potential chiral solvating agent (CSA) for the spectral resolution of enantiomers via
H NMR spectroscopy. The single enantiomer of
was ...synthesized from commercially available (
)-(+)-a-methylbenzylamine
in two steps with 85% yield.
During the integration step, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase (IN) interacts with viral DNA and the cellular cofactor LEDGF/p75 to effectively integrate the reverse transcript into the ...host chromatin. Allosteric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase inhibitors (ALLINIs) are a new class of antiviral agents that bind at the dimer interface of the IN catalytic core domain and occupy the binding site of LEDGF/p75. While originally designed to block IN-LEDGF/p75 interactions during viral integration, several of these compounds have been shown to also severely impact viral maturation through an IN multimerization mechanism. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that these dual properties of ALLINIs could be decoupled toward late stage viral replication effects by generating additional contact points between the bound ALLINI and a third subunit of IN. By sequential derivatization at position 7 of a quinoline-based ALLINI scaffold, we show that IN multimerization properties are enhanced by optimizing hydrophobic interactions between the compound and the C-terminal domain of the third IN subunit. These features not only improve the overall antiviral potencies of these compounds but also significantly shift the ALLINIs selectivity toward the viral maturation stage. Thus, we demonstrate that to fully maximize the potency of ALLINIs, the interactions between the inhibitor and all three IN subunits need to be simultaneously optimized.
A method for the squaramide-organocatalyzed enantioselective addition of a silyl-protected masked acyl cyanide (MAC) reagent to various β-nitrostyrenes is described. Reactions are carried out in a ...freezer and provide products cleanly and in high enantioselectivities at very low catalyst loadings. Adducts are then unmasked, providing various oxidation state 3 functional groups, thereby highlighting the utility of these MAC reagents and a new strategy for the preparation of β-amino acids.
Visibly transparent luminescent solar concentrators (TLSC) have the potential to turn existing infrastructures into net-zero-energy buildings. However, the reabsorption loss currently limits the ...device performance and scalability. This loss is typically defined by the Stokes shift between the absorption and emission spectra of luminophores. In this work, the Stokes shifts (SS) of near-infrared selective-harvesting cyanines are altered by substitution of the central methine carbon with dialkylamines. We demonstrate varying SS with values over 80 nm and ideal infrared-visible absorption cutoffs. The corresponding TLSC with such modification shows a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.4% for a >25 cm
device area with excellent visible transparency >80% and up to 0.6% PCE over smaller areas. However, experiments and simulations show that it is not the Stokes shift that is critical, but the total degree of overlap that depends on the shape of the absorption tails. We show with a series of SS-modulated cyanine dyes that the SS is not necessarily correlated to improvements in performance or scalability. Accordingly, we define a new parameter, the overlap integral, to sensitively correlate reabsorption losses in any LSC. In deriving this parameter, new approaches to improve the scalability and performance are discussed to fully optimize TLSC designs to enhance commercialization efforts.
The B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) was first detected in specimens collected on November 11, 2021, in Botswana and on November 14 in South Africa;* the ...first confirmed case of Omicron in the United States was identified in California on December 1, 2021 (1). On November 29, the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services was notified of six probable cases
of COVID-19 in one household, including one case in a man aged 48 years (the index patient) who had recently returned from Nigeria. Given the patient's travel history, Omicron infection was suspected. Specimens from all six persons in the household tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing on December 1, and the following day genomic sequencing by the Nebraska Public Health Laboratory identified an identical Omicron genotype from each specimen (Figure). Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to determine if this cluster represented an independent introduction of Omicron into the United States, and a detailed epidemiologic investigation was conducted. This activity was reviewed by CDC and was conducted consistent with applicable federal law and CDC policy.
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Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
In August 2021, the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services was notified by a local public health department of a cluster of two Lyme disease cases in patients with local exposure to wooded ...areas in a county located in their jurisdiction. Epidemiological investigations revealed that the two patients had similar symptom onset dates and had likely exposure to ticks at wooded sites located directly adjacent to one another. Two environmental investigations were completed in October 2021 and consisted of tick surveys at the patients' reported sites of tick exposure. 12 ticks were collected across the two surveys and identified the black‐legged tick (Ixodes scapularis). During subsequent testing of the collected ticks, spirochete bacteria were isolated, cultured and confirmed as Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto by PCR. In total, 7 of 12 (58.3%) I. scapularis ticks tested positive for B. burgdorferi s.s. The results of this study document the fourth known established population of I. scapularis in Nebraska and confirms the first detection of B. burgdorferi s.s. in field collected ticks from Nebraska. The epidemiological and environmental investigation data provide the first evidence for local Lyme disease transmission occurring within Nebraska. These findings highlight the need for continued surveillance of I. scapularis and its associated pathogens in Nebraska to further characterize human risk and monitor emergence into other areas of the state.
Allosteric HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitors, or ALLINIs, are a new class of antiviral agents that bind at the dimer interface of the IN, away from the enzymatic catalytic site and block viral ...replication by triggering an aberrant multimerization of the viral enzyme. To further our understanding of the important binding features of multi-substituted quinoline-based ALLINIs, we have examined the IN multimerization and antiviral properties of substitution patterns at the 6 or 8 position. We found that the binding properties of these ALLINIs are negatively impacted by the presence of bulky substitutions at these positions. In addition, we have observed that the addition of bromine at either the 6 (6-bromo) or 8 (8-bromo) position conferred better antiviral properties. Finally, we found a significant loss of potency with the 6-bromo when tested with the ALLINI-resistant IN A128T mutant virus, while the 8-bromo analog retained full effectiveness.
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