Accurate state of charge (SOC) estimation of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries is crucial in prolonging cell lifespan and ensuring its safe operation for electric vehicle applications. In this article, ...we propose the deep learning-based transformer model trained with self-supervised learning (SSL) for end-to-end SOC estimation without the requirements of feature engineering or adaptive filtering. We demonstrate that with the SSL framework, the proposed deep learning transformer model achieves the lowest root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of 0.90% and a mean-absolute-error (MAE) of 0.44% at constant ambient temperature, and RMSE of 1.19% and a MAE of 0.7% at varying ambient temperature. With SSL, the proposed model can be trained with as few as 5 epochs using only 20% of the total training data and still achieves less than 1.9% RMSE on the test data. Finally, we also demonstrate that the learning weights during the SSL training can be transferred to a new Li-ion cell with different chemistry and still achieve on-par performance compared to the models trained from scratch on the new cell.
Most drugs of abuse lead to a general blunting of dopamine release in the chronic phase of dependence, which contributes to poor outcome. To test whether cannabis dependence is associated with a ...similar dopaminergic deficit, we examined striatal and extrastriatal dopamine release in severely cannabis-dependent participants (CD), free of any comorbid conditions, including nicotine use. Eleven CD and 12 healthy controls (HC) completed two positron emission tomography scans with
C-(+)-PHNO, before and after oral administration of d-amphetamine. CD stayed inpatient for 5-7 days prior to the scans to standardize abstinence. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measures of glutamate in the striatum and hippocampus were obtained in the same subjects. Percent change in
C-(+)-PHNO-binding potential (ΔBP
) was compared between groups and correlations with MRS glutamate, subclinical psychopathological and neurocognitive parameters were examined. CD had significantly lower ΔBP
in the striatum (P=0.002, effect size (ES)=1.48), including the associative striatum (P=0.003, ES=1.39), sensorimotor striatum (P=0.003, ES=1.41) and the pallidus (P=0.012, ES=1.16). Lower dopamine release in the associative striatum correlated with inattention and negative symptoms in CD, and with poorer working memory and probabilistic category learning performance in both CD and HC. No relationships to MRS glutamate and amphetamine-induced subclinical positive symptoms were detected. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that severe cannabis dependence-without the confounds of any comorbidity-is associated with a deficit in striatal dopamine release. This deficit extends to other extrastriatal areas and predicts subclinical psychopathology.
Fizeau drag in graphene plasmonics Dong, Y; Xiong, L; Phinney, I Y ...
Nature (London),
06/2021, Letnik:
594, Številka:
7864
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Dragging of light by moving media was predicted by Fresnel
and verified by Fizeau's celebrated experiments
with flowing water. This momentous discovery is among the experimental cornerstones of ...Einstein's special relativity theory and is well understood
in the context of relativistic kinematics. By contrast, experiments on dragging photons by an electron flow in solids are riddled with inconsistencies and have so far eluded agreement with the theory
. Here we report on the electron flow dragging surface plasmon polaritons
(SPPs): hybrid quasiparticles of infrared photons and electrons in graphene. The drag is visualized directly through infrared nano-imaging of propagating plasmonic waves in the presence of a high-density current. The polaritons in graphene shorten their wavelength when propagating against the drifting carriers. Unlike the Fizeau effect for light, the SPP drag by electrical currents defies explanation by simple kinematics and is linked to the nonlinear electrodynamics of Dirac electrons in graphene. The observed plasmonic Fizeau drag enables breaking of time-reversal symmetry and reciprocity
at infrared frequencies without resorting to magnetic fields
or chiral optical pumping
. The Fizeau drag also provides a tool with which to study interactions and nonequilibrium effects in electron liquids.
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection disrupts the intestinal immune system, leading to microbial translocation and systemic immune activation. We investigated the impact of HIV-1 ...infection on the intestinal microbiome and its association with mucosal T-cell and dendritic cell (DC) frequency and activation, as well as with levels of systemic T-cell activation, inflammation, and microbial translocation. Bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing was performed on colon biopsies and fecal samples from subjects with chronic, untreated HIV-1 infection and uninfected control subjects. Colon biopsies of HIV-1-infected subjects had increased abundances of Proteobacteria and decreased abundances of Firmicutes compared with uninfected donors. Furthermore at the genus level, a significant increase in Prevotella and decrease in Bacteroides was observed in HIV-1-infected subjects, indicating a disruption in the Bacteroidetes bacterial community structure. This HIV-1-associated increase in Prevotella abundance was associated with increased numbers of activated colonic T cells and myeloid DCs. Principal coordinates analysis demonstrated an HIV-1-related change in the microbiome that was associated with increased mucosal cellular immune activation, microbial translocation, and blood T-cell activation. These observations suggest that an important relationship exists between altered mucosal bacterial communities and intestinal inflammation during chronic HIV-1 infection.
•Electronic structure and multiferroic properties of (Y, Mn)-doped BaM compounds.•Enhanced Jahn-Teller distortions as increasing Mn-doping concentration.•Chemical shift of Mn2+→ Mn3+ and replacement ...of Mn2+,3+ for Fe3+ in BaM compounds.•Hard magnetic and a change in ferroelectric properties of BaM compounds.
We have systematically studied the crystal and electronic structures and the magnetic and electrical polarization properties of polycrystalline Ba0.95Y0.05Fe12−xMnxO19 (denoted as BaYFe12−xMnxO19) compounds with x = 0–2. The analyzes of X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman scattering spectra indicated their single phase in the M-type hexaferrite structure. With increasing x, the lattice constant a slightly increased while c decreased, which related to the Jahn-Teller effect. Though an increase of x reduced gradually magnetization in a range of 23–32 emu/g, the coercive force increased from 3.3 kOe for x = 0 to about 4 kOe for x = 0.5–2. The study of the electrical polarization properties proved the dependence of the shape of electric hysteresis loops on x and applied electric field. The samples with x = 0 and 0.5 exhibit a weak ferroelectricity with the maximum polarization of ~0.11 μC/cm2 for x = 0, and of ~0.06 μC/cm2 for x = 0.5. Meanwhile, the other samples showed nearly circular hysteresis loops, which are characteristic of conductive materials. Detailed investigations indicated an increase in leakage current when x increased. All of such phenomena are tightly related to the chemical shift of Mn2+ → Mn3+ and the replacement of Mn2+,3+ for Fe3+ in BaYFe12−xMnxO19. These oxidation states and the chemical shift of Mn have been confirmed upon analyzing X-ray absorption spectra.
Methyl-E-4-methoxycinnamate (E-MMC) is a model chromophore of the commonly used commercial sunscreen agent, 2-ethylhexyl-E-4-methoxycinnamate (E-EHMC). In an effort to garner a molecular-level ...understanding of the photoprotection mechanisms in operation with E-EHMC, we have used time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy to explore E-MMC's and E-EHMC's excited state dynamics upon UV-B photoexcitation to the S
(1
ππ*) state in both the gas- and solution-phase. In the gas-phase, our studies suggest that the excited state dynamics are driven by non-radiative decay from the 1
ππ* to the S
(1
nπ*) state, followed by de-excitation from the 1
nπ* to the ground electronic state (S
). Using both a non-polar-aprotic solvent, cyclohexane, and a polar-protic solvent, methanol, we investigated E-MMC and E-EHMC's photochemistry in a more realistic, 'closer-to-shelf' environment. A stark change to the excited state dynamics in the gas-phase is observed in the solution-phase suggesting that the dynamics are now driven by efficient E/Z isomerisation from the initially photoexcited 1
ππ* state to S
.
We study the Kitaev-Heisenberg model with spin-1 local degree of freedom on a honeycomb lattice numerically by the infinite density matrix renormalization group method on a cylinder geometry. By ...tuning the relative value of the Kitaev and Heisenberg exchange couplings, we obtain the phase diagram with two spin liquid phases and four symmetry-broken phases. We identify that the spin liquid phases are gapless by calculating the central charge at the pure Kitaev points without the Heisenberg interactions. Comparing to its spin-1/2 counterpart, the position and number of gapless modes of the spin-1 case are quite different. Due to the approximate Z2 local conservations, the expectation value of the Wilson loop operator measuring the flux of each plaquette stays near to 1, and the static spin-spin correlations remain short range in the entire spin liquid phases.
A
bstract
The flipped 3-3-1 model discriminates lepton families instead of the quark ones in normal sense, where the left-handed leptons are in two triplets plus one sextet while the left-handed ...quarks are in antitriplets, under SU(3)
L
. We investigate a minimal setup of this model and determine novel consequences of dark matter stability, neutrino mass generation, and lepton flavor violation. Indeed, the model conserves a noncommutative
B−L
symmetry, which prevents the unwanted vacua and interactions and provides the matter parity and dark matter candidates that along with normal matter form gauge multiplets. The neutrinos obtain suitable masses via a type I and II seesaw mechanism. The nonuniversal couplings of
Z
′ with leptons govern lepton flavor violating processes such as
μ →
3
e, μ → e
ν
¯
μ
ν
e
, μ-e
conversion in nuclei, semileptonic
τ
→
μ
(
e
) decays, as well as the nonstandard interactions of neutrinos with matter. This
Z
′ may also set the dark matter observables and give rise to the LHC dilepton and dijet signals.
•Structural, magnetic and electric properties of Sr0.95Y0.05Fe12-xZrxO19 M−type hexaferrites.•Hard-magnetic and electric polarization behaviors change as increasing Zr-doping content.•Co-presence of ...Fe2 + and Fe3 + ions in M−type hexaferrites.
The ceramic technique has been utilized to fabricate Sr0.95Y0.05Fe12-xZrxO19 (x = 0–2) samples. Structural and Raman-scattering analyses have revealed that the samples with x = 0 and 0.5 possess the M−type hexagonal-ferrite phase, while the others have the additional Zr-related phase. All samples exhibit the hard-magnetic behavior and the magnetic parameters tend to decrease with increasing Zr-doping content. The study on the electric polarization has indicated that the sample with x = 0 shows the coexistence of paraelectric and weak ferroelectric behaviors, while the other samples (x = 0.5–2) show conductive behaviour with nearly circular loops. The changes in the magnetic and electrical properties mainly related to the co-presence of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions, as evidenced from analyzing X-ray absorption data.
The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission, during the second of its Deep Dip campaigns, made comprehensive measurements of martian thermosphere and ionosphere composition, structure, ...and variability at altitudes down to ~130 kilometers in the subsolar region. This altitude range contains the diffusively separated upper atmosphere just above the well-mixed atmosphere, the layer of peak extreme ultraviolet heating and primary reservoir for atmospheric escape. In situ measurements of the upper atmosphere reveal previously unmeasured populations of neutral and charged particles, the homopause altitude at approximately 130 kilometers, and an unexpected level of variability both on an orbit-to-orbit basis and within individual orbits. These observations help constrain volatile escape processes controlled by thermosphere and ionosphere structure and variability.
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