Integration of advanced nanogenerator technology with conventional textile processes fosters the emergence of textile‐based nanogenerators (NGs), which will inevitably promote the rapid development ...and widespread applications of next‐generation wearable electronics and multifaceted artificial intelligence systems. NGs endow smart textiles with mechanical energy harvesting and multifunctional self‐powered sensing capabilities, while textiles provide a versatile flexible design carrier and extensive wearable application platform for their development. However, due to the lack of an effective interactive platform and communication channel between researchers specializing in NGs and those good at textiles, it is rather difficult to achieve fiber/fabric‐based NGs with both excellent electrical output properties and outstanding textile‐related performances. To this end, a critical review is presented on the current state of the arts of wearable fiber/fabric‐based piezoelectric nanogenerators and triboelectric nanogenerators with respect to basic classifications, material selections, fabrication techniques, structural designs, and working principles, as well as potential applications. Furthermore, the potential difficulties and tough challenges that can impede their large‐scale commercial applications are summarized and discussed. It is hoped that this review will not only deepen the ties between smart textiles and wearable NGs, but also push forward further research and applications of future wearable fiber/fabric‐based NGs.
Combining the advantages of smart textiles and mechanical energy harvesting technology, fiber/fabric‐based piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators will play an increasing role in wearable electronics and artificial intelligences. In view of their current research status and development trends, a comprehensive, systematic, and multiperspective review is presented to provide better understanding and beneficial guidance for future research and product design.
In order to clarify the effect of pulsating fracturing on gas comprehensive desorption, experimental study of gas desorption characteristics effected by the pulsating hydraulic fracturing (PHF) and ...static hydraulic fracturing (SHF) were carried out, the gas displacement amount (GDA) and natural desorption amount (NDA) under different hydraulic fracturing methods are investigated. The results show that the GDA generated by the SHF is significantly less than the PHF. At the same time, the GDA increases linearly first, and then logarithmically with the fracturing frequency; with the increase of pulsating peak pressure, it showed a logarithmic increase. The water has an inhibitory effect on the natural desorption of gas. With the increase of pulsating pressure and frequency, the effect of pulsation fracturing suppressing the natural desorption of gas is weakened. According to the effect of different fracturing methods on gas desorption, the PHF is divided into four types: low pressure-low frequency, low pressure-high frequency, high pressure-low frequency and high pressure-high frequency. Because the gas displacement rate (ƞd) determines the changes of gas comprehensive desorption effect, the low pressure-low frequency inhibits gas desorption, while the low pressure-high frequency, high pressure-low frequency and high pressure-high frequency can promote gas desorption. The results provide theoretical guidance for optimizing pulsating parameters, increasing gas desorption and promoting coal seam gas drainage.
Shutting down glucose supply by glucose oxidase (GOx) to starve tumors has been considered to be an attractive strategy in cancerous starvation therapy. Nevertheless, the in vivo applications of ...GOx-based starvation therapy are severely restricted by the poor GOx delivery efficiency and the self-limiting therapeutic effect. Herein, a biomimetic nanoreactor has been fabricated for starvation-activated cancer therapy by encapsulating GOx and prodrug tirapazamine (TPZ) in an erythrocyte membrane cloaked metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticle (TGZ@eM). The fabricated TGZ@eM nanoreactor can assist the delivery of GOx to tumor cells and then exhaust endogenous glucose and O2 to starve tumors efficiently. Importantly, the resulting tumor hypoxia by GOx-based starvation therapy further initiates the activation of TPZ, which is released from the nanoreactor in the acid lyso/endosome environment, for enhanced colon cancer therapy. More importantly, by integrating the biomimetic surface modification, the immunity-escaping and prolonged blood circulation characteristics endow our nanoreactor dramatically improved cancer targeting ability. The in vitro and in vivo outcomes indicate our biomimetic nanoreactor exhibits a strong synergistic cascade effect for colon cancer therapy in an accurate and facile manner.
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been used for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancers by integrating photosensitizers, which cause cytotoxic effects on cancer cells by converting tumor oxygen into ...reactive singlet oxygen (1O2). However, the PDT efficiency of MOFs is severely limited by tumor hypoxia. Herein, by decorating platinum nanozymes on photosensitizer integrated MOFs, we report a simple yet versatile strategy for enhanced PDT. The platinum nanoparticles homogeneously immobilized on MOFs possess high stability and catalase-like activity. Thus, our nanoplatform can facilitate the formation of 1O2 in hypoxic tumor site via H2O2-activated evolvement of O2, which can cause more serious damage to cancer cells. Our finding highlights that the composites of nanozymes and MOFs have the potential to serve as efficient agents for cancer therapy, which will open an avenue of nanozymes and MOFs toward biological applications.
The viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state has been recognized as a strategy for bacteria to cope with stressful environments; in this state, bacteria fail to grow on routine culture medium but are ...actually alive and can resuscitate into a culturable state under favorable conditions. The VBNC state may pose a great threat to food safety and public health. To date, more than 100 VBNC microorganism species have been proven to exist in fields of food safety, environmental application, and agricultural diseases. Most harsh conditions can induce these microorganisms into the VBNC state, including food processing and preservation methods, adverse environmental conditions, and plant‐disease controlling means. The characteristics of VBNC state cells differ from those of normally growing cells and dead cells, based on which of the various detection methods are developed, and they are of great significance for potential risk assessment. To provide molecular level insights into this state, many studies on induction and resuscitation mechanisms have emerged over the past three decades, including research on omics, specific genes, or proteins involved in VBNC state formation and the roles of promoters in resuscitation from the VBNC state. In this review, microorganism species, induction and resuscitation factors, detection methods, and formation and resuscitation mechanisms of the VBNC state are comprehensively and systematically summarized.
Display omitted
•Metal-free synthesis.•Wide substrate scope.•Novel substitution pattern.•High-functionaliztion.
A simple, efficient, and economical synthetic approach to construct a variety of ...stucturally novel indolizines bearing a phenolic hydroxy group has been developed through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of chromones and pyridinium salts. The methodology is tolerant of a wide range of functional groups and applicable to library synthesis.
Display omitted
•SDS synergistic acidification increased the proportion of seepage pores by 5.99%.•SDS synergistic acidification promotes the pores connectivity of coal.•The average size of corrosion ...hole is distributed at the nanometer scale.•Coal quality characteristics have a great influence on the pore fractal dimension.
In order to study the influence of surfactant on pore fractal characteristics of composite acidized coal. In this paper, the coal samples were acidified by solution constituted with the Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), hydrochloric acid (HCL) and hydrofluoric acid (HF). And the proximate and ultimate analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) testing, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing were carried out. The fractal dimension of pore in coal was evaluated by fractal theory, and the evolution relationship between coal quality, NMR fractal features and coal pore structure parameters were characterized. The results show that the addition of surfactant has a great influence on the coal characters. The mineral content in coal is exponential positively correlated with the fractal dimension (Ds) of seepage pores. The relative content of ash is linear positively correlated with the fractal dimension. Conversely, the volatiles is linear negatively correlated with the fractal dimension. SDS synergistic acidification compared to without SDS, the fractal dimension (Dw) of the total pore distribution and the fractal dimension (Ds) of the seepage pores are both reduced, indicated that the addition of SDS promotes the improvement of coal pore connectivity by acidification treatment. The results showed that after SDS synergistic acidification, the proportion of seepage pore volume was increased by 5.99%, and the fractal dimension is linear negatively correlated with the porosity. The changes of these parameters are beneficial to the seepage, migration and extraction of coalbed methane. Therefore, SDS synergistic composite acid fracturing technology has practical guiding significance for improving acid fracturing effect and increasing coal seam permeability. The research results are of great significance for improving the efficiency of coalbed methane mining and reducing coalbed methane pollution.
Most stretchable film strain sensors generally present nonlinear electrical responses to applied strain, leading to an inaccurate acquisition of sophisticated signals, difficult signal processing, ...and zero‐calibration, which hampers practical applications severely. Here, a Janus hetero‐structured microarray film sensor is developed by in‐situ growth of silver nanoparticles on the surface of micro‐patterned elastomer films fabricated via low‐temperature imprinting followed by scraping‐induced particle trapping. Heterogeneous property designs in both modulus and electrical conductivity via introducing polymer microarrays enable modulating the electron transport manner in the conductive layer of elastic Janus films upon stretching, allowing to tune signal linearity effectively. Therefore, such a hetero‐structured film sensor shows good signal linearity (fluctuation of gauge factor GF below ±0.02) and relatively high sensitivity (GF > 10) within 55% strain, a detection limit of 0.2% strain, and a response/recovery time of 16.3/46.9 ms, respectively. Correspondingly, it enables monitoring human respiration and body motion with higher resolution compared with the nonlinear one, meanwhile, it is capable of detecting tiny pressure to discriminate braille alphabets via touch identification. Overall, it unveils a simple strategy to fabricate film strain sensors for high‐resolution healthcare and body motion monitoring, as well as electronic skins toward tactile sensing and touch identification.
A Janus hetero‐structured microarray film strain sensor with linear and sensitive resistive response to strain is developed via low‐temperature imprinting followed by scraping‐induced particle trapping for healthcare and braille identification.
This letter presents a new class of millimeter-wave broadband quasi-planar end-fire antenna featuring flexible design and enhanced structural compatibility with additive manufacturing technology. The ...broadband end-fire radiation performance is enabled by a coupling-probe-fed rectangular patch that is vertically attached to the sidewall of dielectric substrate of the antenna. The patch and ground of the antenna are perpendicular to the plane of the feeding transmission line and the metal parts of the antenna are embedded into the dielectric substrate. The architecture allows excitation of vertically polarized patterns of the patch. More significantly, the dielectric substrate is hollowed selectively to improve the realized gain in the main-lobe orientation, thus enhancing stability of the radiation patterns in a wide operational bandwidth. A Ka -band prototype of the proposed antenna is shaped into a 3-D-printing-compatible geometry and is monolithically integrated by exploiting high-precision Polyjet 3-D printing process. The manufactured antenna demonstrates good radiation patterns in a −10-dB impedance bandwidth from 28.8 to 37.0 GHz with in-band realized gains of 2.5-5.0 dBi.
PDF
