The development of high‐efficiency bifunctional electrocatalysts toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline surroundings is essential and challenging ...for the large‐scale generation of clean hydrogen. Herein, a novel self‐assembled two‐dimensional (2 D) NiO/CeO2 heterostructure (HS) consisting of NiO and CeO2 nanocrystals is prepared through a facile two‐step approach, and utilized as an enhanced bifunctional electrocatalyst for the HER and OER under alkaline conditions. It is concluded that this 2 D NiO/CeO2 HS, rich in oxygen vacancies, demonstrates attractive electrocatalytic properties for both the HER and OER in 1 m KOH, including low onset overpotential (η1), η10 and Tafel slope, excellent durability, as well as large active surface area. Therefore, the self‐assembled 2 D NiO/CeO2 HS is believed to be an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst toward the HER and OER.
Bifunctional electrocatalysts: A high‐efficiency bifunctional NiO/CeO2 heterostructure (HS) electrocatalyst is fabricated. The unique self‐assembled NiO/CeO2 HSs consisting of NiO and CeO2 nanocrystals is rich in oxygen vacancies and has a large active surface area. These features contribute to the outstanding HER and OER performance in 1 m KOH. Therefore, these self‐assembled 2 D NiO/CeO2 HSs are expected to find use in numerous renewable energy systems.
Cisplatin is one of the most widely used and most potent chemotherapy drugs. However, side effects in normal tissues and organs, notably nephrotoxicity in the kidneys, limit the use of cisplatin and ...related platinum-based therapeutics. Recent research has shed significant new lights on the mechanism of cisplatin nephrotoxicity, especially on the signaling pathways leading to tubular cell death and inflammation. Renoprotective approaches are being discovered, but the protective effects are mostly partial, suggesting the need for combinatorial strategies. Importantly, it is unclear whether these approaches would limit the anticancer effects of cisplatin in tumors. Examination of tumor-bearing animals and identification of novel renoprotective strategies that do not diminish the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin are essential to the development of clinically applicable interventions.
Visualizing individual molecules with chemical recognition is a longstanding target in catalysis, molecular nanotechnology and biotechnology. Molecular vibrations provide a valuable 'fingerprint' for ...such identification. Vibrational spectroscopy based on tip-enhanced Raman scattering allows us to access the spectral signals of molecular species very efficiently via the strong localized plasmonic fields produced at the tip apex. However, the best spatial resolution of the tip-enhanced Raman scattering imaging is still limited to 3-15 nanometres, which is not adequate for resolving a single molecule chemically. Here we demonstrate Raman spectral imaging with spatial resolution below one nanometre, resolving the inner structure and surface configuration of a single molecule. This is achieved by spectrally matching the resonance of the nanocavity plasmon to the molecular vibronic transitions, particularly the downward transition responsible for the emission of Raman photons. This matching is made possible by the extremely precise tuning capability provided by scanning tunnelling microscopy. Experimental evidence suggests that the highly confined and broadband nature of the nanocavity plasmon field in the tunnelling gap is essential for ultrahigh-resolution imaging through the generation of an efficient double-resonance enhancement for both Raman excitation and Raman emission. Our technique not only allows for chemical imaging at the single-molecule level, but also offers a new way to study the optical processes and photochemistry of a single molecule.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
We report the discovery and follow-up observations of VT 1137–0337, an unusual radio transient found in our systematic search for extragalactic explosions in the Very Large Array Sky Survey. ...It is located in the brightest region of a dwarf starburst galaxy at a luminosity distance of 121.6 Mpc. Its 3 GHz luminosity is comparable to luminous radio supernovae associated with dense circumstellar interaction and relativistic outflows. However, its broadband radio spectrum—proportional to
ν
−0.35
over a range of ≳10× in frequency and fading at a rate of 5% yr
–1
—cannot be directly explained by the shock of a stellar explosion. Jets launched by various classes of accreting black holes also struggle to account for VT 1137–0337's combination of observational properties. Instead, we propose that VT 1137–0337 is a decades-old pulsar wind nebula that has recently emerged from within the free–free opacity of its surrounding supernova ejecta. If the nebula is powered by spin-down, the central neutron star should have a surface dipole field of ∼10
13
–10
14
G and a present-day spin period of ∼10–100 ms. Alternatively, the nebula may be powered by the release of magnetic energy from a magnetar. Magnetar nebulae have been proposed to explain the persistent radio sources associated with the repeating fast radio bursts FRB 121102 and FRB 190520B. These FRB persistent sources have not previously been observed as transients but do bear a striking resemblance to VT 1137–0337 in their radio luminosity, spectral index, and host galaxy properties.
Summary
Background
Inflammation plays a vital role in liver cirrhosis progression and prognosis.
Aim
To investigate the prognostic significance of inflammatory response markers in decompensated ...cirrhotic patients without acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF).
Methods
Independent predictors were identified using multivariate Cox model and then assembled into a nomogram to predict survival. Concordance index (C‐index) and time‐dependent receiver operating characteristics (td‐ROC) analysis were adopted to evaluate and compare the performance of nomogram, model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) scores, MELD‐Na and Chronic Liver Failure‐consortium score for acute decompensated (CLIF‐C ADs).
Results
A total of 902 decompensated cirrhotic patients with different aetiologies were enrolled, with 6‐month, 1‐year and 3‐year mortality of 18.6%, 24.4% and 34.8%, respectively. The cut‐off values for neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR) determined by X‐tile program were 5.7 and 1.1 respectively. Patients with NLR>5.7 or LMR≤1.1 had significantly higher mortality (P < 0.001). Independent factors derived from multivariable Cox analysis of development cohort to predict mortality were age, NLR and LMR (hazard ratio (HR): 1.064, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.045–1.084, P < 0.001; HR: 1.124, 95%CI: 1.091–1.158, P < 0.001; HR: 0.794, 95%CI: 0.702–0.898, P < 0.001, respectively). The C‐indexes of nomogram were higher than that of MELD score, MELD‐Na and CLIF‐C ADs for predicting survival. The tdROC and decision curves showed that nomogram was superior to MELD score, MELD‐Na and CLIF‐C ADs. Similar results were observed in validation cohort.
Conclusion
The proposed nomogram with neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio resulted in accurate prognostic prediction for decompensated cirrhotic patients without ACLF.
Linked ContentThis article is linked to Forest and Cai and Shi et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14183 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14208.
Avimimids were unusual, birdlike oviraptorosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Asia. Initially enigmatic, new information has ameliorated the understanding of their anatomy, phylogenetic position, and ...behaviour. A monodominant bonebed from the Nemegt Formation of Mongolia showed that some avimimids were gregarious, but the site is unusual in the apparent absence of juveniles. Here, a second monodominant avimimid bonebed is described from the Iren Dabasu Formation of northern China. Elements recovered include numerous vertebrae and portions of the forelimbs and hindlimbs, representing a minimum of six individuals. Histological sampling of two tibiotarsi from the bonebed reveals rapid growth early in ontogeny followed by unexpectedly early onset of fusion and limited subsequent growth. This indicates that avimimids grew rapidly to adult size, like most extant birds but contrasting other small theropod dinosaurs. The combination of adults and juveniles in the Iren Dabasu bonebed assemblage provides evidence of mixed-age flocking in avimimids and the onset of fusion in young individuals suggests that some of the individuals in the Nemegt Formation bonebed may have been juveniles. Regardless, these individuals were likely functionally analogous to adults, and this probably facilitated mixed-age flocking by reducing ontogenetic niche shift in avimimids.
The Chinese government has introduced policy measures and financial incentives to promote electric vehicles (EVs) in alignment with its advanced industrial development and environmental ...sustainability. In order to stimulate market adoption and technological innovation, a dual-credits policy regime with strictly guided subsidies was first announced in 2017 and then tightened up in 2019 by relevant authorities of the central government. This study focuses on examining the latest development of EV policy in the Chinese mainland. It reviews the pertinent national-level policy measures and financial incentives for sustainable development of the EV industry in a macro scope over the past decade. Further, we develop a mathematical model to quantify the impact of the most update policy – the dual-credits policy regime. Our simulation results reveal a significant gap between the recent EV sales and the estimated future EV production needed under the new policy regime. Such significant gap implies remarkable policy pressure and inevitable execution challenges of the recently tightened dual-credits regime. In conclusion, we articulate strategic implications for EV market participants in China. Upcoming challenges including gradual phasing out of financial support and impending market competition are discussed.
•The paper focuses on the latest development of EV policy in Chinese mainland.•Supportive EV policies and financial incentives are reviewed in a macro scope.•Mathematical model is built to quantify the impact of the most update policy regime.•Simulation results reveal a significant gap between past sales and future production.•Strategic implications are articulated for the EV market participants in China.
A general therapeutic strategy to treat breast cancer is attractive as different subtypes of breast cancers often exhibit distinct response to existing cancer therapeutics. To this end, we prepare a ...catalyst couple of glucose oxidase (GOx) and gallic acid-ferrous (GA-Fe) nanocomplexes, a type of near-infrared (NIR) absorbing Fenton catalyst, to enable NIR-trigger in-situ gelation and enhanced chemodynamic/starvation therapy that appears to be effective for different types of breast cancer cells. In this system, GOx is mixed with GA-Fe in a solution of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) and poly (ethylene glycol) double acrylate (PEGDA). Upon intratumoral injection and NIR laser exposure, such GA-Fe show rapid temperature increase, which would simultaneously increase the catalytic efficiencies of GA-Fe and GOx. The cascade production of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) from glucose is then initiated to enable polymerization of DMAA and PEGDA to form a hydrogel at the injection site within the tumor. The continuous production of cytotoxic •OH together with glucose depletion by the intratumorally fixed catalyst couple would further confer effective destruction of breast cancer tumors by such chemodynamic/starvation therapy. Our work presents a hydrogel-based therapeutic strategy for local treatment of solid tumors with high tumor destruction efficacy and low systemic toxicity.
Formal total syntheses of stemonamine and cephalotaxine bearing the core cyclopenta1,2-bpyrrolo1,2-aazepine ring skeleton were achieved. The general synthetic strategy in the synthesis features ...the reductive oxy-Nazarov cyclization as key step, leading to the versatile construction of N-substituted spiro quaternary stereogenic centers from readily available starting materials.
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