Abstract
We present here the design, architecture, and first data release for the Solar System Notification Alert Processing System (SNAPS). SNAPS is a solar system broker that ingests alert data ...from all-sky surveys. At present, we ingest data from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) public survey, and we will ingest data from the forthcoming Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) when it comes online. SNAPS is an official LSST downstream broker. In this paper we present the SNAPS design goals and requirements. We describe the details of our automatic pipeline processing in which the physical properties of asteroids are derived. We present SNAPShot1, our first data release, which contains 5,458,459 observations of 31,693 asteroids observed by ZTF from 2018 July to 2020 May. By comparing a number of derived properties for this ensemble to previously published results for overlapping objects we show that our automatic processing is highly reliable. We present a short list of science results, among many that will be enabled by our SNAPS catalog: (1) we demonstrate that there are no known asteroids with very short periods and high amplitudes, which clearly indicates that in general asteroids in the size range 0.3–20 km are strengthless; (2) we find no difference in the period distributions of Jupiter Trojan asteroids, implying that the L4 and L5 clouds have different shape distributions; and (3) we highlight several individual asteroids of interest. Finally, we describe future work for SNAPS and our ability to operate at LSST scale.
Although not commonly available in Canada, cryosurgery (cryoablation) for prostate cancer has been practiced in many countries. The field of cryoablation has evolved significantly over the past 30 ...years. Two prostate cryoablation programs were started in Canada in the early 1990s, in London, ON and Calgary, AB, focusing, respectively, on salvage therapy following radiation failure and primary local treatment. This article chronicles the development of the two programs and outlines the scientific and clinical contributions by investigators at the two centers.
Many products labeled “herbal” or “all natural” (herbal/natural) that claim to enhance sexual performance and imply use for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) are marketed as over-the-counter ...(OTC) dietary supplements. However, adulteration with undeclared phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors appears widespread.
To assess the availability, cost, origin, categorical content, and adulteration with PDE5 inhibitors of purported herbal/natural OTC dietary supplements claiming to naturally enhance sexual performance.
Pfizer Global Security coordinated sample collection (all from convenience stores and filling stations in two U.S. metropolitan areas except for seven from U.S. Customs seizures) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry examination.
Adulteration with synthetic PDE5 inhibitors.
Ninety-one samples labeled as 58 distinct products and priced from $2.99 to $17.99 were evaluated. Origin/manufacture was claimed as United States (n=62), apparently Asian (n=15), and not clearly identified (n=14). Although no sample claimed to include synthetic substances, 74 (81%) contained PDE5-inhibitor pharmaceutical ingredients, including tadalafil and/or sildenafil (n=40, of which 18 contained >110% of the highest approved drug product strength) or PDE5-inhibitor analogs (n=34). Pronounced heterogeneity of contents between samples within individual products indicated minimal quality control during manufacture. Labeling was inadequate (e.g., lacking lot number and/or expiry date) for 17 products (23 samples) and inconsistent between samples within a given product (e.g., in manufacturer, lot number, and/or expiry date) for seven of 17 products having multiple samples. Only 14 samples warned against concomitant nitrate use.
Ethical pharmaceutical companies are concerned for an unsuspecting public when their products are counterfeited, mislabeled, and illegally offered for sale in an unsafe manner. Because of the dangers of adulteration with synthetic PDE5 inhibitors, absent safety warnings, and lack of quality or consistent manufacture, men with ED unknowingly risk their health by using OTC herbal/natural products that claim to enhance sexual performance. Campbell N, Clark JP, Stecher VJ, Thomas JW, Callanan AC, Donnelly BF, Goldstein I, and Kaminetsky JC. Adulteration of purported herbal and natural sexual performance enhancement dietary supplements with synthetic phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors.
ObjectivesTo conduct a systematic review and synthesise qualitative research of electronic risk assessment tools (eRATs) in primary care, examining how they affect the communication and understanding ...of diagnostic risk and uncertainty. eRATs are computer-based algorithms designed to help clinicians avoid missing important diagnoses, pick up possible symptoms early and facilitate shared decision-making.DesignSystematic search, using predefined criteria of the published literature and synthesis of the qualitative data, using Thematic Synthesis. Database searches on 27 November 2019 were of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science, and a secondary search of the references of included articles. Included studies were those involving electronic risk assessment or decision support, pertaining to diagnosis in primary care, where qualitative data were presented. Non-empirical studies and non-English language studies were excluded. 5971 unique studies were identified of which 441 underwent full-text review. 26 studies were included for data extraction. A further two were found from citation searches. Quality appraisal was via the CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Program) tool. Data extraction was via line by line coding. A thematic synthesis was performed.SettingPrimary care.ResultseRATs included differential diagnosis suggestion tools, tools which produce a future risk of disease development or recurrence or calculate a risk of current undiagnosed disease. Analytical themes were developed to describe separate aspects of the clinical consultation where risk and uncertainty are both central and altered via the use of an eRAT: ‘Novel risk’, ‘Risk refinement’, ‘Autonomy’, ‘Communication’, ‘Fear’ and ‘Mistrust’.ConclusioneRATs may improve the understanding and communication of risk in the primary care consultation. The themes of ‘Fear’ and ‘Mistrust’ could represent potential challenges with eRATs.Trial registration numberCRD219446.
The long‐term stability of coastal wetlands is determined by interactions among sea level, plant primary production, sediment supply, and wetland vertical accretion. Human activities in watersheds ...have significantly altered sediment delivery from the landscape to the coastal ocean, with declines along much of the U.S. East Coast. Tidal wetlands in coastal systems with low sediment supply may have limited ability to keep pace with accelerating rates of sea‐level rise (SLR). Here, we show that rates of vertical accretion and carbon accumulation in nine tidal wetland systems along the U.S. East Coast from Maine to Georgia can be explained by differences in the rate of relative SLR (RSLR), the concentration of suspended sediments in the rivers draining to the coast, and temperature in the coastal region. Further, we show that rates of vertical accretion have accelerated over the past century by between 0.010 and 0.083 mm yr−2, at roughly the same pace as the acceleration of global SLR. We estimate that rates of carbon sequestration in these wetland soils have accelerated (more than doubling at several sites) along with accelerating accretion. Wetland accretion and carbon accumulation have accelerated more rapidly in coastal systems with greater relative RSLR, higher watershed sediment availability, and lower temperatures. These findings suggest that the biogeomorphic feedback processes that control accretion and carbon accumulation in these tidal wetlands have responded to accelerating RSLR, and that changes to RSLR, watershed sediment supply, and temperature interact to determine wetland vulnerability across broad geographic scales.
Plain Language Summary
Coastal wetlands provide critical ecosystem services but are thought to be increasingly vulnerable in the face of rising seas. Wetlands can build vertically and maintain elevation relative to sea level by forming new soil through the preservation of organic matter produced by marsh plants and the trapping of sediments delivered during tidal flooding if the rate of sea‐level rise doesn't exceed the accretion capacity. We measured rates of salt marsh vertical accretion and carbon accumulation at nine sites along the U.S. East Coast from Maine to Georgia that experience a range of local sea‐level rise and watershed sediment supplies. We found that rates of vertical accretion have accelerated over the past century in a manner very similar to the acceleration of global sea‐level rise. Our findings also indicate that the rate at which these coastal systems sequester carbon in marsh soils has likewise accelerated. The acceleration of accretion and carbon accumulation was found to be greater at sites with higher sea‐level rise, greater watershed sediment supplies, and lower temperatures. Acceleration in coastal wetland accretion provides further evidence of widespread response in Earth's biological systems to human‐induced climate change.
Key Points
Coastal wetland vertical accretion and carbon accumulation were measured at nine sites along the U.S. East Coast from Maine to Georgia
Tidal wetland accretion has accelerated in a similar manner to the acceleration of global sea‐level rise
The acceleration of accretion and carbon accumulation was explained by relative sea‐level rise, availability of sediment, and temperature
In a 1908 review article for the Times of London, Thomas Hardy commented on the previous months of excavation of the Neolithic earthwork amphitheater in Dorchester, known as the Maumbury Ring(s). ...Hardy had returned to Dorchester from London in 1883, and the town is most famously fictionalized in the 1886 novel The Mayor of Casterbridge. Hardy's description identifies the defining moment in the Ring's history as the execution there in 1706 of the nineteen year-old Mary Channing for allegedly having poisoned her husband. Quoting extensively from a contemporary report of Channing's trial and execution, Hardy asserts that he could find little in the statements of the case to support Channing's execution. His opinion is rather that this was a high spirited young woman forced by her parents to marry a man she did not love, whose weak indulgence of his new wife merely served to contribute to the sense of her being a woman of “careless character” that would see her wrongly condemned.
Respectme is a human rights organisation working to reduce the impact of bullying in Scotland. In this work, some useful conceptual and practice frameworks have emerged, distinguishing between ...aggression, as legitimate, if sometimes unpleasant, dominance behaviour and violence, which is unethical action involving the intent to harm. Bullying pushes beyond dominance/subordination to render the person not just subject but abject: incapable of finding any peaceful place in the social structure or any capacity for agency or effective action. This distinguishes bullying from other relationships of violence, and calls for intervention which promotes the restoration of agency in the person being bullied. 'Hitting back' and 'letting them sort it out' are discussed in this context. This also has implications for the definition of bullying. While emerging definitions of bullying have been useful, they have also been broad. At a practice level, we have ourselves generally avoided definitional questions as part of a non-labelling strategy. However, the increasing penetration of bullying discourse in legal and workplace contexts (with potentially serious implications for the accused and for host organisations) requires more careful specification of what bullying is and what it is not. Here again, we believe the concept of agency can prove useful.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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