Thank You to Our 2023 Peer Reviewers Rajaram, Harihar; Aiyyer, Anantha; Camargo, Suzana ...
Geophysical research letters,
16 May 2024, Letnik:
51, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
On behalf of the journal, AGU, and the scientific community, the editors of Geophysical Research Letters would like to sincerely thank those who reviewed manuscripts for us in 2023. The hours reading ...and commenting on manuscripts not only improve the manuscripts, but also increase the scientific rigor of future research in the field. With the advent of AGU's data policy, many reviewers have also helped immensely to evaluate the accessibility and availability of data, and many have provided insightful comments that helped to improve the data presentation and quality. We greatly appreciate the assistance of the reviewers in advancing open science, which is a key objective of AGU's data policy. We particularly appreciate the timely reviews in light of the demands imposed by the rapid review process at Geophysical Research Letters. We received 4,512 submissions in 2023 and 5,112 reviewers contributed to their evaluation by providing 8,587 reviews in total. We deeply appreciate their contributions.
Plain Language Summary
Individuals in italics provided three or more reviews for GRL in 2023.
Key Points
The editors thank the 2023 peer‐reviewers
Thank You to Our 2022 Peer Reviewers Rajaram, Harihar; Camargo, Suzana; Cappa, Christopher D. ...
Geophysical research letters,
16 May 2023, Letnik:
50, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
On behalf of the journal, AGU, and the scientific community, the editors of Geophysical Research Letters would like to sincerely thank those who reviewed manuscripts for us in 2022. The hours reading ...and commenting on manuscripts not only improve the manuscripts, but also increase the scientific rigor of future research in the field. With the advent of AGU's data policy, many reviewers have also helped immensely to evaluate the accessibility and availability of data, and many have provided insightful comments that helped to improve the data presentation and quality. We greatly appreciate the assistance of the reviewers in advancing open science, which is a key objective of AGU's data policy. We particularly appreciate the timely reviews in light of the demands imposed by the rapid review process at Geophysical Research Letters. We received 6,687 submissions in 2022 and 5,247 reviewers contributed to their evaluation by providing 8,720 reviews in total. We deeply appreciate their contributions in these challenging times.
Plain Language Summary
Individuals in italics provided three or more reviews for GRL in 2022.
Key Points
The editors thank the 2022 peer reviewers
For pediatric rare diseases, the number of patients available to support traditional research methods is often inadequate. However, patients who have similar diseases cluster "virtually" online via ...social media. This study aimed to (1) determine whether patients who have the rare diseases Fontan-associated protein losing enteropathy (PLE) and plastic bronchitis (PB) would participate in online research, and (2) explore response patterns to examine social media's role in participation compared with other referral modalities. A novel, internet-based survey querying details of potential pathogenesis, course, and treatment of PLE and PB was created. The study was available online via web and Facebook portals for 1 year. Apart from 2 study-initiated posts on patient-run Facebook pages at the study initiation, all recruitment was driven by study respondents only. Response patterns and referral sources were tracked. A total of 671 respondents with a Fontan palliation completed a valid survey, including 76 who had PLE and 46 who had PB. Responses over time demonstrated periodic, marked increases as new online populations of Fontan patients were reached. Of the responses, 574 (86%) were from the United States and 97 (14%) were international. The leading referral sources were Facebook, internet forums, and traditional websites. Overall, social media outlets referred 84% of all responses, making it the dominant modality for recruiting the largest reported contemporary cohort of Fontan patients and patients who have PLE and PB. The methodology and response patterns from this study can be used to design research applications for other rare diseases.
Abstract
The deep ocean is severely undersampled. Whereas shipboard measurements provide irregular spatial and temporal records, moored records establish deep ocean high-resolution time series, but ...only at limited locations. Here, highlights and challenges of measuring abyssal temperature and salinity on the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) mooring (32.3°N, 144.6°E) from 2013 to 2019 are described. Using alternating SeaBird 37-SMP instruments on annual deployments, an apparent fresh drift of 0.03–0.06 psu was observed, with each newly deployed sensor returning to historical norms near 34.685 psu. Recurrent salinity discontinuities were pronounced between the termination of each deployment and the initiation of the next, yet consistent pre- and postdeployment calibrations suggested the freshening was “real.” Because abyssal salinities do not vary by 0.03–0.06 psu between deployment locations, the contradictory salinities during mooring overlap pointed toward a sensor issue that self-corrects prior to postcalibration. A persistent nepheloid layer, unique to KEO and characterized by murky, sediment-filled water, is likely responsible for sediment accretion in the conductivity cell. As sediment (or biofouling) increasingly clogs the instrument, salinity drifts toward a fresh bias. During ascent, the cell is flushed, clearing the clogged instrument. In contrast to salinity, deep ocean temperatures appear to increase from 2013 to 2017 by 0.0059°C, whereas a comparison with historical deep temperature measurements does not support a secular temperature increase in the region. It is suggested that decadal or interannual variability associated with the Kuroshio Extension may have an imprint on deep temperatures. Recommendations are discussed for future abyssal temperature and salinity measurements.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Sea Surface Height Variability in Drake Passage Donohue, Kathleen A; Kennelly, Maureen A; Cutting, Amy
Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology,
04/2016, Letnik:
33, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Intercomparisons between altimeter sea surface height (SSH) and open-ocean in situ observations have been limited owing to sparse available datasets. Here, SSH anomaly (SSHA) determined from current ...and pressure recording inverted echo sounders (CPIES) from the cDrake experiment were compared with an up-to-date AVISO-mapped product. Meandering Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) fronts in the passage interior elevated SSHA variance; south of the Shackleton Fracture Zone and along the northern continental slope, the variance decreased by factors between 6 and 10. In situ analysis focused on the two constituents of SSHA, SSHA sub(ref) determined from bottom pressure and SSHA sub(bcb) calculated from geopotential height referenced to the bottom. The peak variance of both SSHA sub(bcb) and SSHA sub(ref) occurred in the energetic region between the Subantarctic Front and the Polar Front. The contribution of SSHA sub(bcb) to total SSHA variance was greater than 40% at all sites and averaged over all sites it was 73%. For most sites, high-frequency (>1/20 cpd) SSHA sub(bcb) signals dominated total high-frequency variance. Aliasing of high-frequency signals resulting from 10-day altimeter sampling was assessed. The fraction of aliased energy at frequencies longer than 1/50 cpd for sites at and north of the Shackleton Fracture Zone approached 0.25 and approached 0.50 for southern sites. CPIES and mapped altimeter SSHA agreed well. The mean correlation coefficient was 0.82 and the mean RMS difference was 0.075 m. Correlations between CPIES and AVISO were notably poorer at the northern and southern boundaries. RMS differences increased as a function of CPIES high-frequency SSHA variance because the mapped altimetry product does not resolve these frequencies.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The traditional image of ocean circulation between Australia and Antarctica is of a dominant belt of eastward flow, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, with comparatively weak adjacent westward flows ...that provide anticyclonic circulation north and cyclonic circulation south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. This image mostly follows from geostrophic estimates from hydrography using a bottom level of no motion for the eastward flow regime which typically yield transports near 170Sv. Net eastward transport of about 145Sv for this region results from subtracting those westward flows. This estimate is compatible with the canonical 134Sv through Drake Passage with augmentation from Indonesian Throughflow (around 10Sv). A new image is developed from World Ocean Circulation Hydrographic Program sections I8S and I9S. These provide two quasi-meridional crossings of the South Australian Basin and the Australian-Antarctic Basin, with full hydrography and two independent direct-velocity measurements (shipboard and lowered acoustic Doppler current profilers). These velocity measurements indicate that the belt of eastward flow is much stronger, 271+ /-49Sv, than previously estimated because of the presence of eastward barotropic flow. Substantial recirculations exist adjacent to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current: to the north a 38+/-30Sv anticyclonic gyre and to the south a 76+/-26Sv cyclonic gyre. The net flow between Australia and Antarctica is estimated as 157+ /-58Sv, which falls within the expected net transport of 145Sv. The 38Sv anticyclonic gyre in the South Australian Basin involves the westward Flinders Current along southern Australia and a substantial 33Sv Subantarctic Zone recirculation to its south. The cyclonic gyre in the Australian-Antarctic Basin has a substantial 76Sv westward flow over the continental slope of Antarctica, and 48+/-6Sv northward-flowing western boundary current along the Kerguelen Plateau near 57 super(o)S. The cyclonic gyre only partially closes within the Australian-Antarctic Basin. It is estimated that 45Sv bridges westward to the Weddell Gyre through the southern Princess Elizabeth Trough and returns through the northern Princess Elizabeth Trough and the Fawn Trough - where a substantial eastward 38Sv current is hypothesized. There is evidence that the cyclonic gyre also projects eastward past the Balleny Islands to the Ross Gyre in the South Pacific. The western boundary current along Kerguelen Plateau collides with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current that enters the Australian-Antarctic Basin through the Kerguelen-St. Paul Island Passage, forming an energetic Crozet-Kerguelen Confluence. Strongest filaments in the meandering Crozet-Kerguelen Confluence reach 100Sv. Dense water in the western boundary current intrudes beneath the densest water of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current; they intensely mix diapycnally to produce a high potential vorticity signal that extends eastward along the southern flank of the Southeast Indian Ridge. Dense water penetrates through the Ridge into the South Australian Basin. Two escape pathways are indicated, the Australian-Antarctic Discordance Zone near 125 super(o)E and the Geelvinck Fracture Zone near 85 super(o)E. Ultimately, the bottom water delivered to the South Australian Basin passes north to the Perth Basin west of Australia and east to the Tasman Basin.
Shallow slow slip events (SSEs) provide a mechanism for strain release in the shallow part of subduction zones, with fundamental implications for fault mechanics and tsunami hazards. Despite their ...importance, SSEs are challenging to monitor. They occur under the ocean far from land‐based GPS stations, and while seafloor pressure sensors can detect SSE vertical seafloor movements, the measured bottom pressure includes “ocean noise” signals from pressure variations within the water column. Seeking to improve techniques to remove ocean noise, a pilot study offshore Oregon collected seafloor pressure and near‐bottom current measurements at four sites from April to November 2017. Three methods were applied to reduce ocean noise: 1) subtract a reference pressure, 2) apply complex empirical orthogonal function analysis to pressure measurements, and 3) combine pressure and current measurements with optimal interpolation (OI). All three methods are established techniques from either geodesy or oceanography. Each method produced residual standard deviation, σ < 1 hPa. No SSE was detected during this study. For illustration purposes synthetic SSEs of 2 cm amplitude and 7‐days duration were added and detected, one at a time at different spots. Because currents are unaffected by a SSE, the combination of currents and pressures with the dynamical constraint of geostrophy in OI reduced the false interpretation of the synthetic SSEs as oceanic. OI produced the most reliable detection. Future seafloor geodesy field projects should consider adding current sensors and using OI methods to reduce ocean noise and to reveal tectonic signals.
Plain Language Summary
At subduction zones between colliding plates on the earth, the largest earthquakes and tsunamis are generated. However, it is difficult to assess the likelihood of large tsunamis because of the lack of high‐quality measurements of the seafloor deformation at the bottom of the ocean. The vertical seafloor deformation can be measured with bottom pressure sensors, but processes within the ocean water column also contribute to the bottom pressure measurement and obscure shifts in seafloor depth. The oceanic pressure variations must be estimated and subtracted to reveal seafloor deformation. This pilot study collected pressure and current data at four sites along the sloping seafloor offshore Oregon. By combining the current and pressure measurements, we can make better estimates of the oceanic contribution to the pressure records. Thereby, the “tectonic signal” (i.e., shift in seafloor depth) can be more reliably revealed. This tectonic signal represents the release of stress between the colliding plates, and thus a lower likelihood of future large tsunamis if detected.
Key Points
Seafloor pressure and deep current measurements were collected at four sites for 6.5 months offshore Oregon
An established method based upon ocean geostrophic balance was applied to reduce ocean noise to detect shallow slow‐slip events (SSEs)
The ocean‐balance method produced improved SSE detection capability compared to traditional reference‐site and statistical methods
To determine if alemtuzumab consolidation improves response rate and progression-free survival (PFS) after induction chemoimmunotherapy in previously untreated symptomatic patients with chronic ...lymphocytic leukemia.
Patients (n = 102) received fludarabine 25 mg/m(2) intravenously days 1 to 5 and rituximab 50 mg/m(2) day 1, 325 mg/m(2) day 3, and 375 mg/m(2) day 5 of cycle 1 and then 375 mg/m(2) day 1 of cycles 2 to 6; fludarabine plus rituximab (FR) administration was repeated every 28 days for six cycles. Three months after completion of FR, patients with stable disease or better response received subcutaneous alemtuzumab 3 mg day 1, 10 mg day 3, and 30 mg day 5 and then 30 mg three times per week for 5 weeks.
Overall response (OR), complete response (CR), and partial response (PR) rates were 90%, 29%, and 61% after FR, respectively; 15% of patients were minimal residual disease (MRD) negative. Of 102 patients, 58 received alemtuzumab; 28 (61%) of 46 patients achieving PR after FR attained CR after alemtuzumab. By intent to treat (n = 102), OR and CR rates were 90% and 57% after alemtuzumab, respectively; 42% of patients became MRD negative. With median follow-up of 36 months, median PFS was 36 months, 2-year PFS was 72%, and 2-year OS was 86%. In patients achieving CR after FR, alemtuzumab was associated with five deaths resulting from infection (viral and Listeria meningitis and Legionella, cytomegalovirus, and Pneumocystis pneumonias), which occurred up to 7 months after last therapy. The study was amended to exclude CR patients from receiving alemtuzumab.
Alemtuzumab consolidation improved CR and MRD-negative rates after FR induction but caused serious infections in patients who had already achieved CR after induction and did not improve 2-year PFS or survival.
Abstract
The 4-yr measurements by current- and pressure-recording inverted echo sounders in Drake Passage produced statistically stable eddy heat flux estimates. Horizontal currents in the Antarctic ...Circumpolar Current (ACC) turn with depth when a depth-independent geostrophic current crosses the upper baroclinic zone. The dynamically important divergent component of eddy heat flux is calculated. Whereas full eddy heat fluxes differ greatly in magnitude and direction at neighboring locations within the local dynamics array (LDA), the divergent eddy heat fluxes are poleward almost everywhere. Case studies illustrate baroclinic instability events that cause meanders to grow rapidly. In the southern passage, where eddy variability is weak, heat fluxes are weak and not statistically significant. Vertical profiles of heat flux are surface intensified with ~50% above 1000 m and uniformly distributed with depth below. Summing poleward transient eddy heat transport across the LDA of −0.010 ± 0.005 PW with the stationary meander contribution of −0.004 ± 0.001 PW yields −0.013 ± 0.005 PW. A comparison metric, −0.4 PW, represents the total oceanic heat loss to the atmosphere south of 60°S. Summed along the circumpolar ACC path, if the LDA heat flux occurred at six “hot spots” spanning similar or longer path segments, this could account for 20%–70% of the metric, that is, up to −0.28 PW. The balance of ocean poleward heat transport along the remaining ACC path should come from weak eddy heat fluxes plus mean cross-front temperature transports. Alternatively, the metric −0.4 PW, having large uncertainty, may be high.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Kuroshio Extension System Study (KESS) aimed to quantify processes governing the variability of and the interaction between the Kuroshio Extension and the recirculation gyre. To meet this goal, a ...suite of instrumentation, including 43 inverted echo sounders equipped with bottom pressure gauges and current meters current and pressure recording inverted echo sounders (CPIES), was deployed. The array was centered on the first quasi-stationary meander crest and trough east of Japan, which is also the region of highest eddy kinetic energy. KESS was the first experiment to deploy a large quantity of these new CPIES instruments, and it was unique in that the instruments were deployed in water depths (5300-6400 m) close to their limit of operation. A comprehensive narrative of the methodology to produce mesoscale-resolving four-dimensional circulation fields of temperature, specific volume anomaly, and velocity from the KESS CPIES array is provided. In addition, an improved technique for removing pressure drift is introduced. Methodology and error estimates were verified with several independent datasets. Temperature error was lowest on the equatorward side of the Kuroshio Extension core and decreased with depth (1.5C at 300 m, 0.3C at 600 m, and <0.1C below 1200 m). Velocity errors were highest in regions of strong eddy kinetic energy, within and south of the jet core. Near the surface, the error in geostrophic velocity between adjacent CPIES was typically 10 cm s super(-1), decreasing downward to 6 cm s super(-1) at 500-m depth and 5 cm s super(-1) below 800 m. The rms differences from pointwise current measurements are nearly twice as large as the geostrophic errors, because the pointwise velocities include submesoscale and ageostrophic contributions.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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