The structure of an intermediate, in drosopterin biosynthesis, as 6-acetylpyrimidodiazepine has been confirmed by high-resolution mass spectra, 13C NMR, chemical ionization mass spectra, and chemical ...properties. A trivial name of 6-acetylhomopterin is suggested and should replace the term "quench spot" used heretofore. The structure of drosopterin includes, in part, a pyrimidodiazepine, a compound that consists of a fused six- and seven-membered heterocyclic ring system. Earlier studies demonstrated that 6-acetylhomopterin strongly stimulated the enzymatic synthesis of drosopterin and related eye pigments by preparations from Drosophila. The occurrence in nature is quite limited for diazepines; drosopterin and homopterin are the first examples in eukaryotes.
This paper explores the concept of evacuation mobilization as a protective decision-making process and builds a theoretical framework that captures the factors from the perspective of risk ...communication. As a critical step in the decision process of disaster evacuation, in practice, mobilization has been overlooked. This study aims to embrace the varied yet inconsistent factors to a theoretical framework built upon the Protective Action Decision Model (PADM). A comprehensive review of literature of seminal and recent studies exploring the factors of mobilization and the major risk communication studies were used to build the theoretical framework explaining the variance of evacuation mobilization. Upon reviewing the aspects and factors of evacuation mobilization, this study asserts that the PADM is the most appropriate framework among those examined to theorize this process in evacuee decision-making. Specifically, the stages of receiving environmental cues and information, pre-decision processes, and perceptions, sequentially determine the on-going decision process of mobilization. This study fully discusses the issues surrounding evacuation mobilization and invites further empirical studies on early-warning disaster evacuations and more accurate simulations for late or no-warning evacuations. It also offers suggestions on how to mitigate the potential harm caused by extended mobilization.
Dispositional traits of wellbeing and stress-reaction are strong predictors of mood symptoms following stressful life events, and the COVID-19 pandemic introduced many life stressors, especially for ...healthcare workers.
We longitudinally investigated the relationships among positive and negative temperament group status (created according to wellbeing and stress-reaction personality measures), burnout (exhaustion, interpersonal disengagement), COVID concern (e.g., health, money worries), and moral injury (personal acts, others' acts) as predictors of generalized anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms in 435 healthcare workers. Participants were employees in healthcare settings in North Central Florida who completed online surveys monthly for 8 months starting in October/November 2020. Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire subscale scores for stress-reaction and wellbeing were subjected to K-means cluster analyses that identified two groups of individuals, those with high stress-reaction and low wellbeing (negative temperament) and those with the opposite pattern defined as positive temperament (low stress-reaction and high wellbeing). Repeated measures ANOVAs assessed all time points and ANCOVAs assessed the biggest change at timepoint 2 while controlling for baseline symptoms.
The negative temperament group reported greater mood symptoms, burnout, and COVID concern, than positive temperament participants overall, and negative participants' scores decreased over time while positive participants' scores increased over time. Burnout appeared to most strongly mediate this group-by-time interaction, with the burnout exhaustion scale driving anxiety and depression symptoms. PTSD symptoms were also related to COVID-19 health worry and negative temperament. Overall, results suggest that individuals with higher stress-reactions and more negative outlooks on life were at risk for anxiety, depression, and PTSD early in the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas individuals with positive temperament traits became more exhausted and thus more symptomatic over time. Targeting interventions to reduce mood symptoms in negative temperament individuals and prevent burnout/exhaustion in positive temperament individuals early in an extended crisis may be an efficient and effective approach to reduce the mental health burden on essential workers.
