Thin film transistors (TFT) with deep‐UV transparency are a promising component for next‐generation optoelectronics such as biosensors. Among several deep‐UV transparent oxide semiconductors, SrSnO3 ...is an excellent candidate material owing to its wide band gap (≈4.6 eV) and rather high carrier electron mobility. Herein, fabrication and operation mechanism of the SrSnO3‐TFT is shown. A metal–insulator‐semiconductor structure is fabricated on a 28 nm‐thick SrSnO3 film. The resultant TFT shows clear transistor characteristics; the on‐to‐off current ratio is ≈102, the threshold voltage is ≈−18 V, and the field‐effect mobility is ≈14 cm2 V−1 s−1. The effective thickness of the electron channel gradually increases with gate voltage and saturates at ≈5 nm, which is evaluated by the thermopower modulation. The present results will be helpful for utilizing deep‐UV transparent TFTs for biosensing applications.
Deep‐UV (DUV, 200−300 nm in wavelength) transparent oxide semiconductor, SrSnO3‐based thin film transistor (TFT) are realized. The resultant transistors shows clear transistor characteristics and the effective thickness of the conducting channel is clarified by the electric field thermopower modulation measurements. The present results are the pioneering steps for utilizing DUV transparent TFTs for biosensor applications.
Intrachannel nonlinearity is considered a major distortion in high-capacity transmission systems particular for the case without inline optical chromatic dispersion compensation. In this paper, a ...low-complexity intrachannel nonlinear compensator operating at the symbol rate is proposed based on the nonlinear perturbation predistortion for the dual-polarization quadrature phase-shift keying (DP-QPSK) systems. Compared with the widely studied backpropagation algorithm, the proposed algorithm achieves comparable performance with significantly reduced complexity and halved sampling speed in digital signal processing and digital-to-analog converters. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated in a 43 Gb/s DP-QPSK transmission experiment over 1500 km. In addition to the experimental demonstration, numerical simulation verifies that the proposed algorithm is quite robust by tolerating significant uncertainties of link parameters and span-by-span inhomogeneity in the links.
Lutein and zeaxanthin are thought to decrease the incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD); however, findings have been inconsistent. We conducted a systematic literature review and ...meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin and AMD risk. Relevant studies were identified by searching five databases up to April 2010. Reference lists of articles were retrieved, and experts were contacted. Literature search, data extraction and study quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers and results were pooled quantitatively using meta-analysis methods. The potential sources of heterogeneity and publication bias were also estimated. The search yielded six longitudinal cohort studies. The pooled relative risk (RR) for early AMD, comparing the highest with the lowest category of lutein and zeaxanthin intake, was 0·96 (95 % CI 0·78, 1·17). Dietary intake of these carotenoids was significantly related with a reduction in risk of late AMD (RR 0·74; 95 % CI 0·57, 0·97); and a statistically significant inverse association was observed between lutein and zeaxanthin intake and neovascular AMD risk (RR 0·68; 95 % CI 0·51, 0·92). The results were essentially consistent among subgroups stratified by participant characteristics. The findings of the present meta-analysis indicate that dietary lutein and zeaxanthin is not significantly associated with a reduced risk of early AMD, whereas an increase in the intake of these carotenoids may be protective against late AMD. However, additional studies are needed to confirm these relationships.
We report the effect of Bi3+ doping on both electron and phonon transport properties of BixCu1.8-xS (x = 0, 0.004, 0.01, 0.014, 0.02) superionic conductors. An enhanced ZT value in different degrees ...with x is mainly attributed to an improved electrical conductivity owing to an increased carrier mobility with an undegrated Seebeck coefficient when 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.01, and a reduced thermal conductivity to a low level (0.71–1.00 Wm−1K−1) at x = 0.02 benefiting by the formation of the low-conductive Cu3BiS3 and Cu1.96S second phases. The highest ZT value of 0.61 at 673 K obtained for the Bi0.01Cu1.79S (x = 0.01) sample, which is twice as large as that of the pure Cu1.8S sample. Our result indicates that the introduction of Bi3+ in thermoelectric materials is an effective and convenient strategy to improve ZT by improving the power factor and/or decreasing thermal conductivity.
•Subtle tailoring Bi3+ content in Cu1.8S improves the σ with an undegrated α.•The formation of the low-conductive second phases produces a low κ (0.71–1 Wm−1K−1).•The highest ZT up to 0.61 at 673 K is twice as large as that of the pure Cu1.8S.
AgPbmSbTem+2 (abbreviation as LAST) is a promising thermoelectric material based on PbTe for mid-temperature applications. The electrical and thermal transport properties of LAST alloys are greatly ...affected by the formation of nanostructured precipitation depending on the processing conditions, especially for spark plasma sintering (SPS) combined with mechanical alloying (MA). This study was focused on the optimization of SPS temperature (TSPS) and found that its variation in a narrow range (100 K) leads to apparent differences of thermoelectric performances. The sample sintered at an optimized temperature (TSPS = 923 K) shows a low κtotal (0.829 Wm−1K−1) and a high PF (14.9 Wm−1K−2), which is mainly attributed to the nanoscale composition segregation of Ag and Sb. The highest ZT value of 1.28 at 773 K was obtained when TSPS = 923 K, along with the highest ZTeng value of 0.26 and the corresponding ηmax value of 5.8% at the range of 323 K (Tcold)–773 K (Thot), which were increased almost twice by the optimization of sintering temperature.
•Effect of sintering temperature (TSPS) is investigated for AgPbmSbTem+2 alloys.•The influence of composition segregation on its thermoelectric performance is proved.•The maximum ZT value of 1.28 was obtained at 773 K for optimized TSPS.•The ZTeng value was greatly enhanced due to formation of composition segregation.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a relatively rare subtype of DLBCL. Herein, we report a case of a patient with EBV-positive iris DLBCL after undergoing ...penetrating keratoplasty and discuss its possible pathogenesis.
A 72-year-old male patient presented to our hospital with progressive blurring of vision in the left eye for the past 4 months. Small white nodular lesions were observed on the iris and retinal surface of the left eye, with a white cloud-like opacity in the vitreous cavity.
The patient was eventually diagnosed with EBV-positive iris DLBCL after undergoing pathological and metagenomic tests. After injecting methotrexate in the left vitreous cavity and administering systemic and local antiviral treatments, the ocular lesions disappeared.
EBV infection, drug immunosuppression, and aging-related immune deterioration may play significant roles in the pathogenesis of EBV-positive iris DLBCL.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a new subtype of DLBCL, which rarely occurs. Herein, we report a case of a patient with EBV-positive iris DLBCL after undergoing penetrating keratoplasty and discuss its possible pathogenesis.
Digenite (Cu1.8S) as a potential p-type thermoelectric (TE) material has attracted extensive attention due to its environmental benign, abundant resources and low cost of component elements. In this ...study, the TE properties of MnxCu1.8S bulk samples prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) combined with spark plasma sintering (SPS) were investigated. Doping Mn would initially substitute Cu and tune the band structure of Cu1.8S with an enlarged band gap Eg. However, if Mn content is beyond the solubility limit of x = 0.01 in Cu1.8S will cause the formation of MnS, which contributes to the formation of Cu-rich phases at 0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.08. Benefiting from the synergetic scattering effect of point defects (MnCu•, VS••) and MnS, Cu1.96S, Cu1.97S, Cu2S phases, the lowest thermal conductivity κ value of 0.75 W m−1K−1 was obtained at 773 K for Mn0.08Cu1.8S. Along with the decreased κ, the highest figure of merit ZT value of 0.92 at 773 K achieved in Mn0.08Cu1.8S bulk sample. A maximum engineering ZTeng of 0.3 and its efficiency ηmax of about 6% were obtained at 323–773 K, which is almost 3 times than that of the pristine Cu1.8S (ηmax = 2.2%). Introducing Mn in Cu1.8S is an effective and convenient strategy to improve TE performance.
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•Doping Mn would tune band structure and scatter multiscale phonons for Cu1.8S.•A peak ZT of 0.92 at 773 K was achieved in Mn0.08Cu1.8S.•The ZTeng of 0.3 and its ηmax of 6% were obtained at 323–773 K in Mn0.08Cu1.8S.
Background
Blue laser imaging (BLI) can provide useful information on colorectal laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) by visualizing the surface and vessel patterns in detail. The present research aimed ...to evaluate the diagnostic performance of BLI-combined JNET (Japan NBI Expert Team) classification for identifying LSTs.
Methods
This retrospective, multicenter study included 172 LSTs consisted of 6 hyperplastic polyps/sessile serrated polyps, 94 low-grade dysplasias (LGD), 60 high-grade dysplasias (HGD), 6 superficial submucosal invasive (m-SMs) carcinomas, and 4 deep submucosal invasive carcinomas. The relationship between the JNET classification and the histologic findings of these lesions were then analyzed.
Results
For all LSTs, non-experts and experts had a 79.7% and 90.7% accuracy for Type 2A (
P
= 0.004), a sensitivity of 94.7% and 96.8% (
P
= 0.718), and a specificity of 61.5% and 83.3% (
P
= 0.002) for prediction of LGD, respectively. The results also demonstrated 80.8% and 91.3% accuracy for Type 2B (
P
= 0.005), a sensitivity of 65.2% and 83.3% (
P
= 0.017), and a specificity of 90.6% and 96.2% (
P
= 0.097) for predicting HGD or m-SMs. For LST-granular (LST-G) lesions, Type 2A in experts had higher specificity (65.6% vs. 83.6%,
P
= 0.022) and accuracy (81.8% vs. 91.2%,
P
= 0.022). Type 2B in experts only had higher accuracy (82.5% vs. 92.0%,
P
= 0.019). However, no significant differences were noted for any comparisons between non-experts and experts for LST-non-granular (LST-NG) lesions.
Conclusions
BLI combined with JNET classification was an effective method for the precise prediction of pathological diagnosis in patients with LSTs. Diagnostic performance of JNET classification by experts was better than that by non-experts for all examined LST or LST-G lesions when delineating between Type 2A and 2B, but there was no difference for the identification of LST-NG lesions by these two groups.
Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with polychromatic colors has been widely studied due to its great applications in chiroptical, optoelectronics, and spintronics. However, the realization of ...white CPL in single‐component solid‐state materials remains a great challenge and suffers from the incompatibility between high efficient luminescence and large asymmetric discrimination. Here, by exploiting self‐trapped exciton mechanism and chirality induction strategy, a pair of 1D chiral perovskites, (RR/SS‐DMPZ)PbBr4 (where DMPZ = cis‐2,5‐dimethylpiperazine divalent cation), is reported to achieve white CPL with both high quantum yield of 28.4% and large photoluminescence asymmetry factor |glum| of 2.32 × 10−2. The crystal structures are featured by 1D double‐chain structure composed of distorted octahedra with short PbPb distances as the structural origin of the high photoluminescence yield. The high |glum| value is caused by efficient chiral induction due to the multiple hydrogen bonds between the chiral host composed of the enantiopure organic cations containing two stereocenters and the inorganic emitting guest. The self‐trapped exciton emission mechanism is demonstrated by density functional theory calculations and variable‐temperature photoluminescence and femtosecond‐transient absorption spectroscopy studies. The photo‐luminescent white light‐emitting diodes exhibit good stability and can be used as single‐component white light emitters. This work provides applicable strategies to explore single‐component white CPL emitters.
A pair of single‐component circularly polarized white light emitters with an ultra‐broadband emission are successfully synthesized. The white circularly polarized light emission originates from the self‐trapped exciton mechanism. The perovskite enantiomers with a double 1D chain exhibit excellent performance with a high quantum yield (28.4%) and large photoluminescence asymmetry factor (2.32 × 10−2).
The present study firstly reported a complete mitochondrial genome of Minois paupera (Alphéraky, 1888), a Satyrinae species endemic to China. This mitogenome is circular, 15,213 bp in length, and ...consists of 37 typical mitochondrial genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, and two rRNAs. The phylogenetic position was inferred using 31 previously published complete mitogenomes, and the results reveal that M. paupera is the most closely related to Minois dryas. The complete mitogenome of M. paupera provides useful genetic information for further research on the phylogeography and phylogeny of the genus Minois.
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