Personal narratives make up more than half of children's conversations. The ability to share personal narratives helps build and maintain friendships, promotes physical and emotional wellbeing, ...supports classroom participation, and underpins academic success and vocational outcomes. Although personal narratives are a universal discourse genre, cross-cultural and cross-linguistic research into children's ability to share personal narratives is in its infancy. The current study addresses this gap in the research by developing the Global TALES protocol, a protocol comprising six scripted prompts for eliciting personal narratives in school-age children (excited, worried, annoyed, proud, problem situation, something important). We evaluated its feasibility with 249 ten-year-old children from 10 different countries, speaking 8 different languages, and analyzed researchers' views on the process of adapting the protocol for use in their own country/language. At group-level, the protocol elicited discourse samples from all children, although individual variability was evident, with most children providing responses to all six prompts. When investigating the topics of children's personal narratives in response to the prompts, we found that children from around the world share many commonalities regarding topics of conversation. Once again individual variability was high, indicating the protocol is effective in prompting children to share their past personal experiences without forcing them to focus on one particular topic. Feedback from the participating researchers on the use of the protocol in their own countries was generally positive, although several translation issues were noted. Based on our results, we now invite clinical researchers from around the world to join us in conducting further research into this important area of practice to obtain a better understanding of the development of personal narratives from children across different languages and cultures and to begin to establish local benchmarks of performance.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
► The paper shows that ELSD response varies significantly depending on SFC operating parameters. ► Specific and positive response of the ELSD was confirmed in SFC for large injected volumes. ► Flow ...rate increase reduces ELSD response possibly related to temperature decrease.
Due to the renewal of the use of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), the coupling of SFC with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) needs to be revisited. Indeed, SFC and ELSD apparatus have evolved, while understanding of the nebulisation process has improved. This detector, first developed for polymer analyses can be used for a lot of compounds that do not display sufficient UV absorption. Because the response of ELSD is related to numerous parameters, such as mobile phase composition, the velocity difference between the mobile phase and the nebulisation gas, or the nebulisation temperature, many additional studies are necessary to understand its behaviour in SFC as compared to HPLC. The effects of the nature of co-solvent added to carbon dioxide (methanol, ethanol and acetonitrile), the injected volume and the flow rate on the ELSD response were studied. Certain parameters induce great changes on the nebulisation recovery (the proportion of mobile phase entering the drift tube), allowing for a dramatic improvement in peak area. Moreover, effects of the particle size in the aerosol were also observed, related, as expected, to the modifier nature, but strangely also to the injected volume. Specific and positive behaviour of the ELSD detection on the apparent peak efficiency was confirmed in SFC, for large injected volumes. Finally, a flow rate increase reduces peak area, showing that the use of high flow rates, although attractive to shorten analysis duration, is not favourable to ELSD response. Numerous parameters acting on detector response are modified by the flow rate change, such as the mobile phase velocity. Moreover, measurement of the nebulisation chamber temperature shows the strong decrease of temperature for high flow rates, due to the supercritical fluid depressurisation.
During the poliomyelitis epidemics of the last century hospitals were inundated with patients in acute respiratory failure. Between 1946 and 1949, Nandor (Ferdinand) Eichel documented the use of the ...iron lung in children with acute poliomyelitis at the University Children's Hospital, Zurich. The aim was to assess the effectiveness of the Iron lung and negative pressure respiratory support for this indication and to establish its role in the context of other existing therapies at the time. Eichel produced his review and data as the Inaugural Dissertation towards his medical degree from the the University of Zurich, published in 1951. The dissertation was written in German and first translated into English in 2014. The current paper explores the findings of the dissertation and explains why there has been the transition to techniques of respiratory support today. It includes a biography of Dr F. N. Eichel and an update on the current status of poliomyelitis. The original dissertation was found in the home of Nandor's son and was of great interest to the current authors, Nandor's granddaughter and her colleague.
This work aimed at verifying the usefulness of the use of biofertilizer in the fertigation through a micro-sprinkler irrigation system. This work was performed in the experimental field of Embrapa ...Cassava and Fruit growing, in Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil, with the duration of 380 days. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with three repetitions, in a scheme of sub-subdivided plots. The plots consisted on the number of days after the beginning of the application of treatments; the subplots consisted on the different outflows of the emitters which were 30, 40, 50, and 70 L h
−1
; and the sub-subplots were the concentrations of 50 and 75% of the biofertilizer. The assessed variables were: relative outflow, clogging degree and water distribution uniformity coefficient of the emitters. The analysis of variance showed interaction between the different outflow of the emitters and the concentrations of biofertilizer for all the variables. The emitters’ water distribution uniformity coefficient decreased with the time, with a greater decrease for the emitters with outflow of 30 L h
−1
. The different biofertilizer concentrations did not influence the relative outflow for the micro-sprinkler with outflow of 30 L h
−1
. The micro-sprinklers presented, at the end of the assessment period, a clogging degree of moderate severity. The micro-sprinkler with outflow of 70 L h
−1
, with diameter of 1.2 mm, was the most adequate for the application of the biofertilizer with suspended solids content equal to 14.8 g L
−1
.
Electron attachment properties of covalent molecules and ion clusters with vanishing dipole moments but large quadrupoles are studied with coupled cluster ab initio methods. Selection of the ...molecules studied is driven by two goals, finding a paradigm quadrupole-bound anion and investigating whether there is a correlation between the magnitude of the molecular quadrupole and the vertical attachment energy. Out of all examined species, only the ion clusters and four of the covalent molecules are found to support bound anions. The shapes and spatial extents of the associated excess electron distributions are qualitatively and quantitatively characterized, respectively. Two of the four covalent systems are especially promising as paradigm systems because of advantageous trade-offs regarding the number of isomers and conformers as well as synthetic closeness to commercial sources. No correlation was found between the vertical attachment energy and molecular quadrupole in an analysis that included the newly identified bound anions, those molecules, which were found not to support bound anions, and succinonitrile, which had been studied before. Moreover, there is clearly no such thing as a “critical quadrupole moment”. There are, however, very strong electron correlation effects involved in the binding of the excess electrons, and similar to succinonitrile, for five out of six anions identified here, the molecular quadrupole of the neutral itself is too weak to bind an excess electron, and electron correlation in the form of dynamic polarization is required to do so.
Speech-language pathology has different practice and research histories, standards, methods, and challenges in different countries and regions. Awareness of these different realities may contribute ...to the scientific development of the field and improve the services delivered to different populations. Sharing solutions to similar problems in different contexts can increase evidence-based practice that is relevant in specific situations. The aim of this book was to build a panel of contributions from different countries and several areas of research. Authors were invited to contribute with their newest conclusions and results about the themes they considered most relevant. The result includes discussions about new theoretical trends, research results, and new proposals for assessment and intervention.
PDF
