The Oxford Handbook of Clinical Haematology continues to provide the essential knowledge needed in modern clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of patients with disorders of the blood. ...Major advances in the specialty, primarily within the malignant haematology area, have been reflected in this thoroughly revised new edition. Agencies such as NICE have influenced the prescribing of chemotherapeutic and other related drugs, and there have also been updates from theBritish Committee for Standards in Haematology and other guidelines for malignant disease, thrombosis and haemostasis.This Handbook includes the main differential diagnoses and relevant investigations that will help junior doctors to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. The management of the patient is provided in a way that allows the junior to initiate treatment whilst waiting for review of the patient by a senior member of staff. A bestselling Oxford Handbook, this is the indispensable companion for all those caring for patients with blood disorders.
AI is undergoing a paradigm shift with the rise of models (e.g., BERT, DALL-E, GPT-3) that are trained on broad data at scale and are adaptable to a wide range of downstream tasks. We call these ...models foundation models to underscore their critically central yet incomplete character. This report provides a thorough account of the opportunities and risks of foundation models, ranging from their capabilities (e.g., language, vision, robotics, reasoning, human interaction) and technical principles(e.g., model architectures, training procedures, data, systems, security, evaluation, theory) to their applications (e.g., law, healthcare, education) and societal impact (e.g., inequity, misuse, economic and environmental impact, legal and ethical considerations). Though foundation models are based on standard deep learning and transfer learning, their scale results in new emergent capabilities,and their effectiveness across so many tasks incentivizes homogenization. Homogenization provides powerful leverage but demands caution, as the defects of the foundation model are inherited by all the adapted models downstream. Despite the impending widespread deployment of foundation models, we currently lack a clear understanding of how they work, when they fail, and what they are even capable of due to their emergent properties. To tackle these questions, we believe much of the critical research on foundation models will require deep interdisciplinary collaboration commensurate with their fundamentally sociotechnical nature.
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