Summary
Thiamine deficiency resulted in inhibition of two main pathways supplying energy to the tissues: glycolysis and β‐oxidation. Glycolysis was found to be inhibited to 40% of initial value ...calculated on the basis of RBC trans‐membrane transport of glucose. Prolongation of experiment cause lowering of uptake of this sugar. In rats, energy production from fatty acids (FA) seems to be less sensitive to thiamine deficiency than glycolysis. After 30 days of feeding, utilization of FA in rats was depressed to the 61% of initial value. Thiamine deficiency suppressed insulin secretion, and the changes were statistically significant. Feeding of rats with thiamine restricted diet for 1 month caused the reduction of serum insulin by 14%. In the same animals, trans‐membrane glucose transport was reduced over two‐times, what might suggest a decreased efficiency of insulin action in such conditions. The kind and concentration of non‐digestible fructo‐oligosaccharides (FOS) did not affect significantly serum insulin concentration in animals fed thiamine restricted diet. Substitution of a part of wheat starch with FOS has only insignificant compensatory effect on the uptake of glucose. A partial amelioration of the β‐oxidation inhibition caused by feeding rats with thiamine deficient diet was observed in animals supplemented with FOS. However, this effect was statistically significant only in rats receiving diet containing 10% of inulin. The effect of supplemented FOS and their concentration on trans‐membrane glucose transport in RBC was statistically significant, when pulled supplementation groups were used for statistical evaluation.
The study includes a survey of literature reports from the last 15 years on the consumption of food and nutritional status of preschool and school children. The nutritional status of preschool and ...school children suggested many shortcomings independent of social class and nutrition type (individual, mass nutrition). Generally, the nutrition of town children was better than that of rural children, and signs of deficiency of certain vitamins and mineral components were found in a lowe per cent of the former children. The food rations of the studied children contained too low consumption of milk and dairy products, vegetables and fruit, with high intake of fats, meat and its products, sugar and sweets. The daily food rations contained low amounts of calcium, vitamins A, B and C, with excess of phosphorus and fats. The nutrition of school children depended on year season, social class and education of parents. The most frequent faults included inappropriate timetable of meals, their poor quality, inadequate number and monotony. No such data could be obtained with respect to preschool children. The nutritional status of preschool and school children gives rise to objections, especially in the case of rural areas. There is a need to evolve and introduce a standardized study method for the assessment of nutrition and nutritional status of preschool and school children and continuous monitoring in this respect.
Comparison of three different enzymatic techniques for dietary fibre determination (Hellendoorn, Asp, AOAC) in five kinds of food (white bread, rye rolls, white cabbage, carrot and red beet) was the ...main purpose of this study. It was found that results obtained by Hellendoorn's method are overestimated and are somewhat doubtful. For this reason the AOAC method can be recommended as more accurate
Background. Given the range of natural mineral waters, natural spring waters and table waters, and their degree of mineralization (from low to the high), it can be assumed that they will become ...increasingly important as a source of minerals in everyday diet. Objective. The aim of the study was the assessment of the amount of bottled waters consumption as well as contained selected minerals in waters among female students. Material and method. Study was conducted among 18-26 years old students from Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW) and Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw (UKSW) (50 female from each), from May to October 2010 year. The study was performed by using the questionnaire concerned habitual consumption of bottled waters. Intake of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, silicon, chlorine and fluorine, as the major components of water declared on the label packaging, was also estimated. Results. Almost 40% of respondents consumed four glasses of water a day, about 24% - 2 glasses, about 24% - 3 glasses, 11% - 1 glass, but it was mainly low - and medium-mineralized water. The average daily intake of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorine and fluorine in the study population was respectively: 64.1, 26.5, 14.3, 1.9, 5.4, and 0.1 mg per person. Intake of silicon was 14, 4 mg/person/day. Among minerals only calcium and magnesium intake with waters was comparatively significant (6% and 8% of reference values, respectively). Conclusions. Bottled waters were not a significant source of minerals, but they can be a valuable addition to daily diet. There is a need to promote the drinking of natural mineral waters, spring waters and table waters, especially highly-mineralized and low-sodium waters as a source of well-absorbed minerals.Original Abstract: Wprowadzenie. Biorac pod uwage asortyment naturalnych wod mineralnych i zrodlanych oraz wdd stolowych, a takze ich stopien mineralizacji (od nisko do wysokozmineralizowanych) mozna przypuszczac, ze beda one nabieraly coraz wiekszego znaczenia jako zrodlo skladnikow mineralnych w codziennym zywieniu. Cel badan. Celem pracy byla ocena wielkosci spozycia wod butelkowanych oraz zawartych w nich wybranych skladnikow mineralnych wsrod mlodziezy akademickiej. Material i metody. Badanie przeprowadzono wsrod 2 grup studentek w wieku 18-26 lat Szkoly Glownej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego (SGGW) oraz Uniwersytetu Kardynala Stefana Wyszynskiego (UKSW), po 50 z kazdej uczelni, w okresie od maja do pazdziernika 2010 roku. Do oceny ilosci pobieranej wody i spozycia skladnikow mineralnych z wodami wykorzystano ankiete, w ktorej kwestionariuszu zawarto pytania dotyczace zwyczajowego spozycia wod butelkowanych pod katemich rodzaju i ilosci. Oceniano podaz wapnia, magnezu, sodu, potasu, krzemu, chloru i fluoru, jako glownych skladnikow wod deklarowanych na etykietach opakowan. Wyniki. Prawie 40% badanych spozywalo 4 szklanki wody dziennie, ok. 24% - 2 szklanki, ok. 24% - 3 szklanki, 11% - 1 szklanke, przy czym byly to glownie wody nisko- i sredniozmineralizowane. Przecietne dzienne spozycie wapnia, magnezu sodu, potasu, chloru i fluoru w badanej populacji wynosilo odpowiednio: 64, 1; 26, 5; 14,3; 1,9; 5,4; i 0,1 mg/osobe. Pobranie krzemu bylo na poziomie 14, 4 mg/osobe/dzien. Sposrod spozywanych z wodami butelkowanymi skladnikow mineralnych najwieksze znaczenie mialy wapn i magnez (odpowiednio: 6% i 8% wartosci referencyjnych). Wnioski. Wody butelkowane spozywane przez badana populacje nie stanowily znaczacego zrodla zaopatrzenia organizmu w skladniki mineralne, ale moga byc ich cennym uzupelnieniem. Istnieje koniecznosc propagowania picia naturalnych wod mineralnych i zrodlanych oraz stolowych jako zrodla dobrze przyswajalnych skladnikow mineralnych, zwlaszcza jesli sa to wody wysokozmineralizowane niskosodowe.
A 15-day experiment was performed on male Wistar rats allocated into three blocks diversified by a daily thiamine dose: 0, 20, 40 μmc/day/rat. In each block the rats were divided into five groups ...depending on the type of diet: control group (FF) - fructan-free diet, experimental groups (I-5, I-10, OF-5, OF-10) - diets containing: 5, 10 percent of inulin, as well as 5, 10 percent of oligofructose respectively. Thiamine-free experimental diets were prepared according to AIN-93M recommendations, where inulin and oligofructose were added instead of wheat starch. The thiamine was administered per os as a water solution. Compared to the initial value, caecal pH decreased in all groups of rats. The daily thiamine dose as well as the kind of fructan influenced caecal pH. There could be observed the synergistic action of inulin and thiamine in decreasing pH. Inulin and oligofructose, due to prebiotic properties, can cause fluctuations in the caecum pH but the direction of changes is closely dependent on the presence of dietary thiamine. The most suitable pH values for endogenous thiamine uptake are reported during dietary deficit of this vitamin, independently on the type and dose of fructan
The evaluation of a biological method for dietary fibre determination in food was the main purpose of this study. Three-week old Wistar rats were used in this experiments. The rats were administered ...during two weeks a diet containing 1% of crude fibre from bread, grits, green beans, white cabbage and carrot. It was found that the biological method gave results similar to those obtained by the enzymatic one.
In the study of the concentration of thiamine in the plasma, liver, urine and faeces as indices of its utilization there were found that cellulose enchances the bioavailability of this vitamin in ...vivo; however, pectin has an opposite effect, that is lowers its bioavailability
