Taste, as one of the natural chemical sensations, has attracted worldwide attention due to their great significance to organismal survival in the area of seeking advantages and avoiding ...disadvantages. Therefore, it is highly essential and worthy to develop taste detection methods with higher performances. Fast advancements of the gustatory biosensing technologies, especially in the life sciences and micro-/nano-technologies, are providing unprecedented opportunities for bioelectronic tongue (BioET). This review summarizes the most recent advances in BioETs for gustation detection. First, we briefly present the fundamental of mammalian gustation system (MGS). Then, BioETs are introduced from two aspects of in vitro and in vivo according to their technical architectures. Strategies, target tastes, analytes, sensing elements, transducers, coupling methods and practical performance are highlighted and discussed to assess the taste detection applications comprehensively. Finally, the current challenges and future development trends of BioETs are discussed.
•The review introduces the BioETs as gustatory biosensing technologies.•The BioETs have high performances in gustatory simulation and detection.•The BioETs are divided into in vitro and in vivo based on technical architectures.•The advantages are showed by strategy, target, sensing unit, method and property.•The BioETs will be widely applied in industry, health and environment.
•SDE-GC–MS was applied for quantitative determination of the five PAEs in teas and tea infusions.•The proposed method afforded a wide range of linearity and high linear regression coefficients with ...good limit detection.•Dissolving ratios of the five PAEs were calculated.•Safety evaluation demonstrated no risk to human health of the selected tea samples with the population drinking habit.
Phthalate esters (PAEs), a group of environmental pollutants which are carcinogenic to human body, have been detected in teas. In this work, five PAEs in teas and tea infusions were quantitatively determined by a modified simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. After the optimization of SDE, the proposed method afforded a wide range of linearity and high linear regression coefficients with the limits of detection range of 0.24–3.72μg/kg. The average recoveries were 79.83–116.67% for tea samples and 78.22–101.64% for tea infusions with all the relative standard deviations below 20%. The total content of five PAEs in teas was 1.135–3.734mg/kg and the total dissolving ratio of five PAEs from tea to infusion was 19.05–28.07% for the selected tea samples. The risk assessment result of all the selected tea samples demonstrated that the population with the habit of drinking tea won’t cause risk to human health.
Today, the topic of waste separation has been raised for a long time, and some waste separation devices have been installed in large communities. However, the vast majority of domestic waste is still ...not properly sorted and put out, and the disposal of domestic waste still relies mostly on manual classification. The research in this paper applies deep learning to this persistent problem, which has important significance and impact. The domestic waste is classified into four categories: recyclable waste, kitchen waste, hazardous waste and other waste. The garbage classification model trained based on MobileNetV2 deep neural network can classify domestic garbage quickly and accurately, which can save a lot of labor, material and time costs. The absolute accuracy of the trained network model is 82.92%. In comparison with CNN network model, the classification accuracy of MobileNetV2 model is 15.42% higher than that of CNN model. In addition, the trained model is light enough to be better applied to mobile.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•A new QDs-CTAB-Rhodamine B biosensor was constructed for FRET detection.•The change of the intensity of RB was used to detect the concentration of melamine.•This FRET system could be applied to ...detect melamine in milk sample.
In this paper, we constructed the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system between MPA-capped CdTe quantum dots (QDs) and Rhodamine B (RB) in the environment of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). In this system, CdTe QDs were treated as energy donors, whilst RB was treated as energy acceptor. CTAB was used to make the distance between the particles of CdTe QDs and RB closer to improve the efficiency of FRET system. We optimized some important factors which would affect the efficiency of FRET system. Under the optimized experimental conditions, melamine (MB) could be detected based on the fluorescence intensity changes of RB in the FRET system. We could get a linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity of RB and the concentration of MB in the range of 0.05–4.0μmol/L and the detection limit was 0.01μmol/L. The proposed method was applied for the determination of melamine in milk samples with satisfactory results.
Abstract
Leaf area index (LAI) is a fundamental indicator of crop growth status, timely and non-destructive estimation of LAI is of significant importance for precision agriculture. In this study, a ...multi-rotor UAV platform equipped with CMOS image sensors was used to capture maize canopy information, simultaneously, a total of 264 ground‐measured LAI data were collected during a 2-year field experiment. Linear regression (LR), backpropagation neural network (BPNN), and random forest (RF) algorithms were used to establish LAI estimation models, and their performances were evaluated through 500 repetitions of random sub-sampling, training, and testing. The results showed that RGB-based VIs derived from UAV digital images were strongly related to LAI, and the grain-filling stage (GS) of maize was identified as the optimal period for LAI estimation. The RF model performed best at both whole period and individual growth stages, with the highest R
2
(0.71–0.88) and the lowest RMSE (0.12–0.25) on test datasets, followed by the BPNN model and LR models. In addition, a smaller 5–95% interval range of R
2
and RMSE was observed in the RF model, which indicated that the RF model has good generalization ability and is able to produce reliable estimation results.
Saxitoxin (STX) belongs to the family of marine biological toxins, which are major contaminants in seafood. The reference methods for STX detection are mouse bioassay and chromatographic analysis, ...which are time-consuming, high costs, and requirement of sophisticated operation. Therefore, the development of alternative methods for STX analysis is urgent. Electrochemical analysis is a fast, low-cost, and sensitive method for biomolecules analysis. Thus, in this study, an electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) sensor based on aptamer-modified two-dimensional layered Ti3C2Tx nanosheets was developed for STX detection. The high surface area and rich functional groups of MXene benefited the modification of aptamer, which had specific interactions with STX. Capacitance-voltage (C-V) and constant-capacitance (ConCap) measurement results indicated that the aptasensor was able to detect STX with high sensitivity and good specificity. The detection range was 1.0 nM to 200 nM and detection limit was as low as 0.03 nM. Moreover, the aptasensor was found to have a good selectivity and two-week stability. The mussel tissue extraction test suggested the potential application of this biosensor in detecting STX in real samples. This method provides a convenient approach for low-cost, rapid, and label-free detection of marine biological toxins.
To characterize the clinical features of sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) and compare SO and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease in Chinese patients.
Retrospective case series.
A total of 131 consecutive ...SO and 500 VKH disease patients randomly selected from among those referred to our uveitis center from April 2008 through June 2018.
History, extraocular and ocular findings, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), auxiliary examination findings, complications, and therapeutic effects were analyzed retrospectively in SO and VKH disease patients.
Visual outcome, extraocular and ocular findings, and therapeutic effects.
Sympathetic ophthalmia manifested as posterior uveitis (68.8%) within 2 weeks and equal involvement of anterior and posterior segment (44.4%), respectively, was observed between 2 weeks and 2 months after disease onset. Two months after disease onset, SO patients showed sunset glow fundus (51.2%) and granulomatous anterior uveitis (27.3%). Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease patients mainly showed posterior uveitis (100%), anterior segment involvement (92.4%) associated with posterior uveitis (84.9%), and granulomatous anterior uveitis (97.4%) accompanying sunset glow fundus (91.5%) in the 3 periods mentioned above. The frequencies of extraocular manifestations were lower in SO patients (24.4%) as compared with VKH disease patients (84.8%; P < 0.001). Best-corrected visual acuity of SO patients improved from 0.68±0.86 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) to 0.47±0.78 logMAR (P = 0.01), and BCVA of VKH disease patients improved from 0.67±0.79 logMAR to 0.24±0.53 logMAR (P < 0.001) at 12 months of follow-up. A worse BCVA was noted in SO patients compared with VKH disease patients after treatment (P = 0.003). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the risk of loss of useful vision in SO patients was significantly higher than that of VKH disease patients (P < 0.001).
Chinese SO and VKH disease patients have a different evolutionary process. The frequency of extraocular manifestations in SO patients is much lower as compared with VKH disease patients. Visual outcome is worse in SO as compared with VKH disease.
After millions of years of evolution, biological chemical sensing systems (i.e., olfactory and taste systems) have become very powerful natural systems which show extreme high performances in ...detecting and discriminating various chemical substances. Creating field-effect sensors using biomaterials that are able to detect specific target chemical substances with high sensitivity would have broad applications in many areas, ranging from biomedicine and environments to the food industry, but this has proved extremely challenging. Over decades of intense research, field-effect sensors using biomaterials for chemical sensing have achieved significant progress and have shown promising prospects and potential applications. This review will summarize the most recent advances in the development of field-effect sensors using biomaterials for chemical sensing with an emphasis on those using functional biomaterials as sensing elements such as olfactory and taste cells and receptors. Firstly, unique principles and approaches for the development of these field-effect sensors using biomaterials will be introduced. Then, the major types of field-effect sensors using biomaterials will be presented, which includes field-effect transistor (FET), light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS), and capacitive electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) sensors. Finally, the current limitations, main challenges and future trends of field-effect sensors using biomaterials for chemical sensing will be proposed and discussed.
OBJECTIVES:Upper airway injury is a recognized complication of prolonged endotracheal intubation, yet little attention has been paid to the consequences of laryngeal injury and functional impact. The ...purpose of our study was to prospectively define the incidence of acute laryngeal injury and investigate the impact of injury on breathing and voice outcomes.
DESIGN:Prospective cohort study.
SETTING:Tertiary referral critical care center.
PATIENTS:Consecutive adult patients intubated greater than 12 hours in the medical ICU from August 2017 to May 2018 who underwent laryngoscopy within 36 hours of extubation.
INTERVENTIONS:Laryngoscopy following endotracheal intubation.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:One hundred consecutive patients (62% male; median age, 58.5 yr) underwent endoscopic examination after extubation. Acute laryngeal injury (i.e., mucosal ulceration or granulation tissue in the larynx) was present in 57 patients (57%). Patients with laryngeal injury had significantly worse patient-reported breathing (Clinical Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Questionnairemedian, 1.05; interquartile range, 0.48–2.10) and vocal symptoms (Voice Handicap Index-10median, 2; interquartile range, 0–6) compared with patients without injury (Clinical Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Questionnairemedian, 0.20; interquartile range, 0–0.80; p < 0.001; and Voice Handicap Index-10median, 0; interquartile range, 0–1; p = 0.005). Multivariable logistic regression independently associated diabetes, body habitus, and endotracheal tube size greater than 7.0 with the development of laryngeal injury.
CONCLUSIONS:Acute laryngeal injury occurs in more than half of patients who receive mechanical ventilation and is associated with significantly worse breathing and voicing 10 weeks after extubation. An endotracheal tube greater than size 7.0, diabetes, and larger body habitus may predispose to injury. Our results suggest that acute laryngeal injury impacts functional recovery from critical illness.
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