Superfine multifunctional micro/nanoscale fibrous materials with high surface area and ordered structure have attracted intensive attention for widespread applications in recent years. Microfluidic ...spinning technology (MST) has emerged as a powerful and versatile platform because of its various advantages such as high surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio, effective heat transfer, and enhanced reaction rate. The resultant well‐defined micro/nanoscale fibers exhibit controllable compositions, advanced structures, and new physical/chemical properties. The latest developments and achievements in microfluidic spun fiber materials are summarized in terms of the underlying preparation principles, geometric configurations, and functionalization. Variously architected structures and shapes by MST, including cylindrical, grooved, flat, anisotropic, hollow, core–shell, Janus, heterogeneous, helical, and knotted fibers, are emphasized. In particular, fiber‐spinning chemistry in MST for achieving functionalization of fiber materials by in situ chemical reactions inside fibers is introduced. Additionally, the applications of the fabricated functional fibers are highlighted in sensors, microactuators, photoelectric devices, flexible electronics, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and water collection. Finally, recent progress, challenges, and future perspectives are discussed.
The latest developments of microfluidic spinning technology fabrication of well‐defined micro/nanoscale fiber materials are outlined. They are explored in terms of advanced structures, geometric configurations, manageable compositions, and controllable functions combined with chemical and physical solidification strategies. Widespread applications, recent progress, challenges, and future perspectives are highlighted and discussed.
Carbon quantum dots (CDs) have inspired vast interest because of their excellent photoluminescence (PL) performances and their promising applications in optoelectronic, biomedical, and sensing ...fields. The development of effective approaches for the large‐scale production of CDs may greatly promote the further advancement of their practical applications. In this Minireview, the newly emerging methods for the large‐scale production of CDs are summarized, such as microwave, ultrasonic, plasma, magnetic hyperthermia, and microfluidic techniques. The use of the available strategies for constructing CD/polymer composites with intriguing solid‐state PL is then described. Particularly, the multiple roles of CDs are emphasized, including as fillers, monomers, and initiators. Moreover, typical applications of CD/polymer composites in light‐emitting diodes, fluorescent printing, and biomedicine are outlined. Finally, we discuss current problems and speculate on their future development.
The latest developments in the large‐scale production of carbon quantum dots by using microwave, ultrasonic, plasma, magnetic hyperthermia, and microfluidic techniques are outlined. The synthetic methods for generating carbon dot/polymer composites are summarized, whereby the carbon quantum dots can serve as fillers, monomers, or initiators. Promising applications, current challenges, and future perspectives are also highlighted and discussed.
The conventional view of gene regulation in biology has centered around protein-coding genes via the central dogma of DNA-->mRNA-->protein. The discovery of thousands of long non-coding RNAs ...(lncRNAs) has certainly changed our view of the complexity of mammalian genomes and transcriptomes, as well as many other aspects of biology including transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Accumulating reports of misregulated lncRNA expression across numerous cancer types suggest that aberrant lncRNA expression may be a major contributor to tumorigenesis. Here, we summarize recent data about the biological characteristics of lncRNAs in cancer pathways. These include examples with a wide range of molecular mechanisms involved in gene regulation. We also consider the medical implications, and discuss how lncRNAs can be used for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and serve as potential therapeutic targets. As more examples of regulation by lncRNA are uncovered, one might predict that the large transcripts will eventually rival small RNAs and proteins in their versatility as regulators of genetic information.
Recent advances in the synthetic chemistry of atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) have significantly broadened the accessible sizes and structures. Such particles are well defined and have ...intriguing properties, thus, they are attractive for catalysis. Especially, those NCs with identical size but different core (or surface) structure provide unique opportunities that allow the specific role of the core and the surface to be mapped out without complication by the size effect. Herein, we summarize recent work with isomeric Aun NCs protected by ligands and isostructural NCs but with different surface ligands. The highlighted work includes catalysis by spherical and rod‐shaped Au25 (with different ligands), quasi‐isomeric Au28(SR)20 with different R groups, structural isomers of Au38(SR)24 (with identical R) and Au38S2(SR)20 with body‐centred cubic (bcc) structure, and isostructural Au38L20(PPh3)42+ (different L). These isomeric and/or isostructural NCs have provided valuable insights into the respective roles of the kernel, surface staples, and the type of ligands on catalysis. Future studies will lead to fundamental advances and development of tailor‐made catalysts.
Every atom counts: Recent advances in metal nanocluster chemistry have realized isomers and/or isostructural nanoclusters. Catalytic applications of such nanoclusters allow a deeper insight to be obtained into the respective roles of the respective structural parts on catalytic performance without complication by the size effect.
Although widely used in many applications, accurate and efficient human action recognition remains a challenging area of research in the field of computer vision. Most recent surveys have focused on ...narrow problems such as human action recognition methods using depth data, 3D-skeleton data, still image data, spatiotemporal interest point-based methods, and human walking motion recognition. However, there has been no systematic survey of human action recognition. To this end, we present a thorough review of human action recognition methods and provide a comprehensive overview of recent approaches in human action recognition research, including progress in hand-designed action features in RGB and depth data, current deep learning-based action feature representation methods, advances in human⁻object interaction recognition methods, and the current prominent research topic of action detection methods. Finally, we present several analysis recommendations for researchers. This survey paper provides an essential reference for those interested in further research on human action recognition.
Microfluidic spinning technology (MST), incorporating microfluidics with chemical reactions, has gained considerable interest for constructing anisotropic advanced microfibers, especially helical ...microfibers. However, these efforts suffer from the limited material choices, restricting their applications. Here, a new phase inversion‐based microfluidic spinning (PIMS) method is proposed for producing helical microfibers. This method undergoes a physicochemical phase inversion process, which is capable of efficiently manufacturing strong (tensile stress of more than 25 MPa), stretchable, flexible and biocompatible helical microfibers. The helical microfibers can be used to fabricate bi‐oriented stretchable artificial abdominal skin, preventing incisional hernia formation and promoting the wound healing without conglutination. This research not only offers a universal approach to design helical microfibers but also provides a new insight into artificial skin.
A novel phase inversion‐based microfluidic spinning (PIMS) technology is developed to continuously produce stretchable high‐strength polycaprolactone (PCL) helical microfibers with controllable structures. The helical microfibers are weaved into strong, bi‐oriented stretchable, flexible and biocompatible artificial skins meshes, which can be used to prevent abdominal incisional hernia formation and promote wound healing.
Silver chalcogenolate cluster assembled materials (SCAMs) are a category of promising light‐emitting materials the luminescence of which can be modulated by variation of their building blocks ...(cluster nodes and organic linkers). The transformation of a singly emissive Ag12(SBut)8(CF3COO)4(bpy)4n (Ag12bpy, bpy=4,4′‐bipyridine) into a dual‐emissive (Ag12(SBut)6(CF3COO)6(bpy)3)n (Ag12bpy‐2) via cluster‐node isomerization, the critical importance of which was highlighted in dictating the photoluminescence properties of SCAMs. Moreover, the newly obtained Ag12bpy‐2 served to construct visual thermochromic Ag12bpy‐2/NH2 by a mixed‐linker synthesis, together with dichromatic core–shell Ag12bpy‐2@Ag12bpy‐NH2‐2 via solvent‐assisted linker exchange. This work provides insight into the significance of metal arrangement on physical properties of nanoclusters.
Tandem varying of Ag cluster structure and tuning mixed linkers in a stepwise fashion are used to achieve dual‐emitting homogeneous and core–shell silver chalcogenolate cluster assembled materials. The arrangements of silver in the cluster are demonstrated to play a fundamentally important role in luminescence.
Noncoding RNAs(nc RNAs) have attracted much attention in cancer research field. They are involved in cellular development, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The dysregulation of nc RNAs ...has been reported in tumor initiation, progression, invasion and metastasis in various cancers, including gastric cancer(GC). In the past few years, an accumulating body of evidence has deepened our understanding of nc RNAs, and several emerging nc RNAs have been identified, such as PIWI-interacting RNAs(pi RNAs) and circular RNAs(circ RNAs). The competing endogenous RNA(ce RNA) networks include m RNAs, micro RNAs, long nc RNAs(lnc RNAs) and circ RNAs, which play critical roles in the tumorigenesis of GC. This review summarizes the recent hotspots of nc RNAs involved in GC pathobiology and their potential applications in GC. Finally, we briefly discuss the advances in the ce RNA network in GC.
Optoelectronic memory plays a vital role in modern semiconductor industry. The fast emerging requirements for device miniaturization and structural flexibility have diverted research interest to ...two-dimensional thin layered materials. Here, we report a multibit nonvolatile optoelectronic memory based on a heterostructure of monolayer tungsten diselenide and few-layer hexagonal boron nitride. The tungsten diselenide/boron nitride memory exhibits a memory switching ratio approximately 1.1 × 10
, which ensures over 128 (7 bit) distinct storage states. The memory demonstrates robustness with retention time over 4.5 × 10
s. Moreover, the ability of broadband spectrum distinction enables its application in filter-free color image sensor. This concept is further validated through the realization of integrated tungsten diselenide/boron nitride pixel matrix which captured a specific image recording the three primary colors (red, green, and blue). The heterostructure architecture is also applicable to other two-dimensional materials, which is confirmed by the realization of black phosphorus/boron nitride optoelectronic memory.
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