The tri-allylthiourea cadmium chloride crystal grown was characterized by recording the powder X-ray diffraction pattern and indexing the diffracting planes. The thermal expansion coefficients along
...a- and
c-axes are 2.19×10
−5 and 6.15×10
−5
K
−1, respectively. The specific heat of the crystal was measured to be 590.43
J/mol
K at 293.15
K. The thermal decomposition process was analyzed according to the result of differential thermal analysis and PXRD patterns of residues at different temperatures.
The pellet pacing ELM mitigation concept is being tested in some tokamaks such as ASDEX Upgrade, DIII-D and JET. By increasing the ELM frequency, the ELM size can be reduced and eventually suppressed ...to meet the lifetime requirements on ITER target plates. In the HL-2A tokamak, ELMy H-mode operation is routinely performed and small type-III ELMs with a high repetition rate and some type-I (or possibly large type-III) ELM events are observed. Large ELMs are often preceded by strong coherent magnetic oscillations, and produce obvious perturbations on plasma current Ip, electron density at the edge, stored energy WE, etc. The coherent magnetic oscillations before an ELM crash or during the ELM are measured by toroidal and poloidal Mirnov coils and analysed by the wavelet technique to study the spectral characteristics of the short time ELM events. Pellet injection experiments are performed in type-III ELMy H-mode plasmas and ELM-free H-mode plasmas to study the physics of pellet triggering ELM. The analyses of pellet-induced ELMs and spontaneous ELMs are presented. Because the pellet size is relatively large, it induces magnetic oscillations lasting longer than that of a natural ELM.
A laser fabrication technique for metal nanostructures is developed. Owing to the control of the growth of metal particles by surfactants, the spatial resolution of the technique breaks the classical ...limitation of the light. Three‐dimensional silver nanostructures are experimentally demonstrated (see image).
ABSTRACT—We studied factors associated with awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension (systolic/diastolic blood pressure measurements ≥140/90 mm Hg, respectively, and/or current drug ...treatment for hypertension) in a representative sample of the Chinese population (n=15 838). Awareness, treatment, and control were defined by self-report of a hypertension diagnosis, self-report of current antihypertensive medication use, and a systolic and diastolic blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg, respectively. Higher awareness (OR; 95% CI) was noted for persons who were married (1.43; 1.09, 1.88) and had their blood pressure measured in 1 year (47.4; 31.7, 70.4) or 1 to 5 years (11.4; 7.09, 18.2) preceding their study visit; lower awareness was found among men (0.62; 0.52, 0.74) and current smokers (0.79; 0.63, 0.99). Among those aware of their hypertension, treatment was more common (OR; 95% CI) at higher income (1.24 0.87, 1.75, 1.46 1.01, 2.12 and 1.58 1.06, 2.37 for increasing versus the lowest quartile of income) and for participants who had their blood pressure measured during the preceding year (3.87; 1.89, 7.93) and was less common among men (0.76; 0.59, 0.98). Controlled hypertension was more common (OR; 95% CI) among persons whose blood pressure had been measured 1 year (4.93; 1.51, 16.1) and 1 to 5 years (14.8; 3.63, 60.5) prior to their study visit and, among persons aware of their hypertension diagnosis, those who undertook lifestyle modification (1.59; 1.11, 2.27). These data identify potential methods for improving blood pressure control in China through the identification, follow-up, and lifestyle modification of persons with high blood pressure.
This study provides a theoretical basis for ecological regulation and spawning grounds restoration. The river section between Yichang and Shishou is one of the important spawning grounds for major ...carps and therefore chosen as the flow field study area. Two core spawning grounds were selected: section 9-16 km upstream of Yidu and the right-side section of Nanxingzhou 3.9-11 km upstream of Gongan. Baishazhou was chosen as the non-spawning control area.
A high power and efficiency b-cut Tm, Ho:YAlO3 (YAP) laser is reported in this letter. The laser operated in continuous-wave (CW) mode at 2.12 μm. The Tm, Ho:YAP crystal was cooled at a temperature ...of 77 K and pumped by two fibre-coupled laser diodes with centre output wavelengths of 794.1 and 794.0 nm. A 15.0 W output power was obtained at a 155 mm physical cavity length with an optical-optical conversion efficiency of 39.2%, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 41.1%.
Objective:
To investigate serum and sputum cytokine profiles in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD).
Methods:
Clinical characteristics, blood and sputum samples were collected ...from asthma (n = 37) and COPD (n = 36) patients, and healthy subjects (n = 39). Cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and inflammation antibody array; levels were analysed according to smoking status and presence of eosinophilia in the airways of COPD/asthma patients, and compared with those in healthy subjects.
Results:
ELISA revealed a significant difference in the expression of only a few cytokines in the COPD versus asthma groups, and in both patient groups compared with healthy subjects. The antibody array showed greater differentiation in inflammatory mediators. In the subphenotype analysis, the differential expression of cytokines was more significant between eosinophilic and noneosinophilic airway inflammation than between asthma and COPD, according to both the ELISA and antibody array. There was little difference in cytokine expression between smoking and nonsmoking subgroups.
Conclusions:
Differential expression of inflammatory mediators is present between patients with COPD or asthma, and eosinophilic or noneosinophilic airway inflammation, and contributes to understanding the cytokine network of airway inflammation.
Carbon is unique in the variety of configurations it can adopt with itself and other elements. Here we show how ion beams can be used to nanostructure various diamond polytypes, epitaxially aligning ...them to a silicon substrate. The ready controllability of ion beams, which are already used to manufacture submicrometre-scale devices, means that our findings should enable new carbon and non-carbon materials to be nanostructured for a host of applications.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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