Highlights • A penetrating injury in CA1 interrupts the hippocampus – locomotor system circuit. • A penetrating injury in the hippocampus augments the stride speed. • Tamoxifen restores the stride ...speed at 7 days post injury. • Tamoxifen preserves the neurons after the penetrating injury in the hippocampus.
Aims
The present study analyses molecular characteristics of the locus coeruleus (LC) and projections to the amygdala and hippocampus at asymptomatic early and middle Braak stages of neurofibrillary ...tangle (NFT) pathology.
Methods
Immunohistochemistry, whole‐transcriptome arrays and RT‐qPCR in LC and western blotting in hippocampus and amygdala in a cohort of asymptomatic individuals at stages I–IV of NFT pathology were used.
Results
NFTs in the LC increased in parallel with colocalized expression of tau kinases, increased neuroketal adducts and decreased superoxide dismutase 1 in neurons with hyperphosphorylated tau and decreased voltage‐dependent anion channel in neurons containing truncated tau were found. These were accompanied by increased microglia and AIF1, CD68, PTGS2, IL1β, IL6 and TNF‐α gene expression. Whole‐transcriptome arrays revealed upregulation of genes coding for proteins associated with heat shock protein binding and genes associated with ATP metabolism and downregulation of genes coding for DNA‐binding proteins and members of the small nucleolar RNAs family, at stage IV when compared with stage I. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity was preserved in neurons of the LC, but decreased TH and increased α2A adrenergic receptor protein levels were found in the hippocampus and the amygdala.
Conclusions
Complex alteration of several metabolic pathways occurs in the LC accompanying NFT formation at early and middle asymptomatic stages of NFT pathology. Dopaminergic/noradrenergic denervation and increased expression of α2A adrenergic receptor in the hippocampus and amygdala occur at first stage of NFT pathology, suggesting compensatory activation in the face of decreased adrenergic input occurring before clinical evidence of cognitive impairment and depression.
Novel alterations in metabolic pathways in the locus coeruleus accompany tau pathology in pre‐symptomatic Alzheimer's disease have implications for disease mechanisms and developing treatment strategies.
In this work, we present a novel approach for improving the energy resolution from particles impinging on the interstrip regions of silicon strip detectors. We employed three double-sided strip ...detectors from the GRIT array and a triple α-source under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the interstrip resolution depends not only on the impinging side but also on whether it is a P- or an N-interstrip. We obtained the interstrip energy resolution down to 0.4%, and, depending on the scenario, the resolution was enhanced by a factor of 2. We believe that this new rotation method allows for the possibility of applying particle identification methods on interstrip events, which in most cases are dismissed during data recording.
The spectrum of quantitative and qualitative research methodologies can be a divisive one. Particularly in scientific fields such as anatomy and anatomy education, there can be misunderstandings ...about what exactly qualitative research is, its purpose, and the rigorous nature of good qualitative inquiry. This presentation aims to elucidate some of these points, by first well defining qualitative research and its core tenants. Major forms of qualitative methodologies, including ethnography, phenomenology, and grounded theory, will be outlined, focusing on their potential use in the anatomical sciences. For further consideration of qualitative research, and to aid in clear communication of qualitative research goals, an introduction to paradigmatic discussions will also be introduced. This will highlight the legacy of positivism and post‐positivism in anatomy, but also encourage attendees to reflect on their own true research beliefs. By understanding (and clearly defining) axiological, ontological, and epistemological positions, all researchers can pick the methodology best suited for them and their research, ultimately aiding the advancement of the field.
Highlights • We examined the effect of E2 and tamoxifen in a rat brain cortex injury model. • Tamoxifen decreased the number NG2 cells in the sensorial cortex after brain injury. • Tamoxifen reduced ...the vimentin positive astrocytes after penetrating brain injury. • Tamoxifen induced neuron survival after injury. • Tamoxifen recovered brain electrical activity in the injured cortex.
"This book brings to light these indigenous intellectuals' dynamic efforts to shape their own social and political status in the Spanish Empire. For the historian of colonial Spanish America or Peru, ...it provides an enticing overview of a transatlantic political discourse and suggests interesting avenues for future research." Emily Berquist, Hispanic American Historical Review
We conducted a comprehensive review of the research literature on interactions between invasive species and species included in the critically endangered category of the International Union for ...Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. This review reveals that, globally, invasive species threaten 14% (28% on islands) of critically endangered terrestrial vertebrate species (birds, mammals and reptiles), with critically endangered birds (25%; 47% on islands) the most affected, threatened predominantly by a few invasive mammal predators (mainly rodents and feral cat). The chytrid fungal pathogen is the main threat for critically endangered amphibians. The control and management of the invasive species identified in this study should be a high priority for global biological conservation, thereby contributing towards the achievement of the goals of the Post-2020 Framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Further research on the impacts of invasive species and interactions with other drivers will be essential for the conservation of highly threatened species.
This paper introduces a dataset gathered entirely in urban scenarios with a car equipped with one stereo camera and five laser scanners, among other sensors. One distinctive feature of the present ...dataset is the existence of high-resolution stereo images grabbed at a high rate (20 fps) during a 36.8 km trajectory, which allows the benchmarking of a variety of computer vision techniques. We describe the sensors employed and highlight some applications which could be benchmarked using the present work. Both plain text and binary files are provided, as well as open-source tools for working with the binary versions. The dataset is available for download at http://www.mrpt.org/MalagaUrbanDataset.
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