Antisense transcription through genic regions is pervasive in most genomes; however, its functional significance is still unclear. We are studying the role of antisense transcripts (COOLAIR) in the ...cold-induced, epigenetic silencing of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a regulator of the transition to reproduction. Here we use single-molecule RNA FISH to address the mechanistic relationship of FLC and COOLAIR transcription at the cellular level. We demonstrate that while sense and antisense transcripts can co-occur in the same cell they are mutually exclusive at individual loci. Cold strongly upregulates COOLAIR transcription in an increased number of cells and through the mutually exclusive relationship facilitates shutdown of sense FLC transcription in cis. COOLAIR transcripts form dense clouds at each locus, acting to influence FLC transcription through changed H3K36me3 dynamics. These results may have general implications for other loci showing both sense and antisense transcription.
The absence of culture- and language-specific aphasia assessment in Bangla underscores a critical problem in communication sciences and disorders. Aphasia occurs in ~41% of Bangla-speaking stroke ...survivors. In the past 40 years, stroke incidence has doubled in low- and middle-income countries, such as Bangladesh and India, where there are ~250 million native Bangla speakers. This study aims to initiate the first step toward identifying an appropriate picture stimulus for the Bangla picture description task (PDT) intended for inclusion in a Bangla aphasia assessment. Researchers have reported the importance of cultural relevance and three visuographic variables of a picture (high-context, color, and photograph vs. black-and-white line drawing) for faster comprehension and comprehensive language production in people with aphasia and neurologically healthy adults.
Ninety-six neurologically healthy native Bangla speakers of three age groups (young 19-30, middle age 40-55, and older 65-89 years) were recruited to compare spontaneous language production for four selected culturally related and nonrelated picture stimuli with and without the three visuographic variables. Five linguistic variables were used to analyze the language samples.
The results demonstrated a significant (a) picture type effect for moving-average type-token ratio, words per minute (WPM), and mean length of utterance in morphemes (MLU) and (b) age group effect for WPM, MLU, and complexity index.
This study suggests that a culturally related high-context color photograph is the optimal choice for the Bangla PDT. This study also indicates reduced fluency, grammatical complexity, and syntactic complexity in healthy Bangla-speaking adults aged 65 years and above.
https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22233664.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
•Dihydromyricetin is the most abundant bioactive component in Vine Tea.•Dihydromyricetin is more effective than BHA in controlling soybean oil oxidation.•Vine Tea extract and dihydromyricetin ...inhibits oxidation of cooked ground beef.•Headspace oxygen content has a good linear correlation with peroxide value.
Antioxidant activities of Ampelopsis grossedentata extract (EXT) and its major component dihydromyricetin (DHM) were analysed and compared with BHA in two model systems, soybean oil and cooked ground beef. Oxidation of soybean oil samples was measured using peroxide value, anisidine value, headspace volatiles and headspace oxygen content. TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) test was used to measure the oxidation of cooked beef. DHM was more potent than BHA in preventing soybean oil oxidation. EXT was not as effective as BHA or DHM in soybean oil. In cooked beef, all three antioxidants significantly lowered oxidation compared to control, but there were no differences between the three. Mechanisms and potentials of EXT and DHM as natural food antioxidants need to be studied on a case-by-case basis.
Our objective was to undertake a systematic review ascertaining the accuracy of using administrative healthcare data to identify epilepsy cases. We searched MEDLINE and Embase from 01/01/1975 to ...03/07/2018 for studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of routinely collected healthcare data in identifying epilepsy cases. Any disease coding system in use since the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) was permissible. Two authors independently screened studies, extracted data, and quality‐assessed studies. We assessed positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), and specificity. The primary analysis was a narrative synthesis of review findings. Thirty studies were included, published between 1989 and 2018. Risks of bias were low, high, and unclear in 4, 14, and 12 studies, respectively. Coding systems included ICD‐9, ICD‐10, and Read Codes, with or without antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). PPVs included ranges of 5.2%–100% (Canada), 32.7%–96.0% (USA), 47.0%–100% (UK), and 37.0%–88.0% (Norway). Sensitivities included ranges of 22.2%–99.7% (Canada), 12.2%–97.3% (USA), and 79.0%–94.0% (UK). Nineteen studies contained at least one algorithm with a PPV >80%. Sixteen studies contained at least one algorithm with a sensitivity >80%. PPV was highest in algorithms consisting of disease codes (ICD‐10 G40‐41, ICD‐9 345) in combination with one or more AEDs. The addition of symptom codes to this (ICD‐10 R56; ICD‐9 780.3, 780.39) lowered PPV. Sensitivity was highest in algorithms consisting of symptom codes with one or more AEDs. Although using AEDs alone achieved high sensitivities, the associated PPVs were low. Most NPVs and specificities were >90%. We conclude that it is reasonable to use administrative data to identify people with epilepsy (PWE) in epidemiological research. Studies prioritizing high PPVs should focus on combining disease codes with AEDs. Studies prioritizing high sensitivities should focus on combining symptom codes with AEDs. We caution against the use of AEDs alone to identify PWE.
Although pressure-area isotherms are commonly measured for lipid monolayers, it is not always appreciated how much they can vary depending on experimental factors. Here, we compare experimental and ...simulated pressure-area isotherms for dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) at temperatures ranging between 293.15K and 323.15K, and explore possible factors influencing the shape and position of the isotherms. Molecular dynamics simulations of DPPC monolayers using both coarse-grained (CG) and atomistic models yield results that are in rough agreement with some of the experimental isotherms, but with a steeper slope in the liquid-condensed region than seen experimentally and shifted to larger areas. The CG lipid model gives predictions that are very close to those of atomistic simulations, while greatly improving computational efficiency. There is much more variation among experimental isotherms than between isotherms obtained from CG simulations and from the most refined simulation available. Both atomistic and CG simulations yield liquid-condensed and liquid-expanded phase area compressibility moduli that are significantly larger than those typically measured experimentally, but compare well with some experimental values obtained under rapid compression.
To characterize human emotions, researchers have increasingly utilized Automatic Facial Expression Analysis (AFEA), which automates the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) and translates the facial ...muscular positioning into the basic universal emotions. There is broad interest in the application of FACS for assessing consumer expressions as an indication of emotions to consumer product-stimuli. However, the translation of FACS to characterization of emotions is elusive in the literature. The aim of this systematic review is to give an overview of how FACS has been used to investigate human emotional behavior to consumer product-based stimuli. The search was limited to studies published in English after 1978, conducted on humans, using FACS or its action units to investigate affect, where emotional response is elicited by consumer product-based stimuli evoking at least one of the five senses. The search resulted in an initial total of 1,935 records, of which 55 studies were extracted and categorized based on the outcomes of interest including (i) method of FACS implementation; (ii) purpose of study; (iii) consumer product-based stimuli used; and (iv) measures of affect validation. Most studies implemented FACS manually (73%) to develop products and/or software (20%) and used consumer product-based stimuli that had known and/or defined capacity to evoke a particular affective response, such as films and/or movie clips (20%); minimal attention was paid to consumer products with low levels of emotional competence or with unknown affective impact. The vast majority of studies (53%) did not validate FACS-determined affect and, of the validation measures that were used, most tended to be discontinuous in nature and only captured affect as it holistically related to an experience. This review illuminated some inconsistencies in how FACS is carried out as well as how emotional response is inferred from facial muscle activation. This may prompt researchers to consider measuring the total consumer experience by employing a variety of methodologies in addition to FACS and its emotion-based interpretation guide. Such strategies may better conceptualize consumers' experience with products of low, unknown, and/or undefined capacity to evoke an affective response such as product prototypes, line extensions, etc.
•Overall, epilepsy-related deaths have not increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.•There may have been an isolated spike in the number of epilepsy-related deaths in women during the COVID-19 ...pandemic.•Around 14% of epilepsy-related deaths also list COVID-19 as a cause, with 11% specifically listing it as the underlying cause.•COVID-19 is a common underlying cause of both epilepsy-related deaths and deaths unrelated to epilepsy.
To examine whether epilepsy-related deaths increased during the COVID-19 pandemic and if the proportion with COVID-19 listed as the underlying cause is different between people experiencing epilepsy-related deaths and those experiencing deaths unrelated to epilepsy.
This was a Scotland-wide, population-based, cross-sectional study of routinely-collected mortality data pertaining to March–August of 2020 (COVID-19 pandemic peak) compared to the corresponding periods in 2015–2019. ICD-10-coded causes of death of deceased people of any age were obtained from a national mortality registry of death certificates in order to identify those experiencing epilepsy-related deaths (coded G40–41), deaths with COVID-19 listed as a cause (coded U07.1–07.2), and deaths unrelated to epilepsy (death without G40–41 coded). The number of epilepsy-related deaths in 2020 were compared to the mean observed through 2015–2019 on an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model (overall, men, women). Proportionate mortality and odds ratios (OR) for deaths with COVID-19 listed as the underlying cause were determined for the epilepsy-related deaths compared to deaths unrelated to epilepsy, reporting 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
A mean number of 164 epilepsy-related deaths occurred through March–August of 2015–2019 (of which a mean of 71 were in women and 93 in men). There were subsequently 189 epilepsy-related deaths during the pandemic March–August 2020 (89 women, 100 men). This was 25 more epilepsy-related deaths (18 women, 7 men) compared to the mean through 2015–2019. The increase in women was beyond the mean year-to-year variation seen in 2015–2019. Proportionate mortality with COVID-19 listed as the underlying cause was similar between people experiencing epilepsy-related deaths (21/189, 11.1%, CI 7.0–16.5%) and deaths unrelated to epilepsy (3,879/27,428, 14.1%, CI 13.7–14.6%), OR 0.76 (CI 0.48–1.20). Ten of 18 excess epilepsy-related deaths in women had COVID-19 listed as an additional cause.
There is little evidence to suggest there have been any major increases in epilepsy-related deaths in Scotland during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 is a common underlying cause of both epilepsy-related and unrelated deaths.
In recent years, we have witnessed an increase in the complexity of theoretical models that attempt to explain behavior from both contextual and developmental perspectives. This increase in the ...complexity of our theoretical propositions regarding behavior parallels recent methodological advances for the analysis of change. These new analysis techniques have fundamentally altered how we conceptualize and study change. Researchers have begun to identify larger frameworks to integrate our knowledge regarding the analysis of change. One such framework is latent growth modeling, perhaps the most important and influential statistical revolution to have recently occurred in the social and behavioral sciences. This study presents a basic introduction to a latent growth modeling approach for analyzing repeated measures data. Included is the specification and interpretation of the growth factors, primary extensions such as the analysis of growth in multiple populations, and structural models including both precursors of growth, and subsequent outcomes hypothesized to be influenced by the growth functions.
Nursing is a global profession, and the COVID-19 pandemic has illustrated just how interconnected and interdependent nursing and health systems are across jurisdictions. The International Council of ...Nurses (ICN) is a federation of more than 130 national nursing associations and serves as a key policy voice at the global level. Every two years, their congress brings together thousands of nurses and stakeholders to share and disseminate knowledge. Although Canadian presence has historically been strong in these global fora, there is a lack of literature that focuses on discussing the implications of these global discussions on Canadian nurses' policy and advocacy engagement. In this article, we provide a framework of key policy themes as observed during the ICN's 2021 virtual congress. We discuss how these global policy themes align with Canadian nursing, health and public policy priorities and conclude with questions to guide nurses in embedding a global perspective into their research, policy, education and practice initiatives.
•Higher LED color temperature is more destructive on freshness of 2% milk.•Yellow pigmented packaging blocks light wavelengths of riboflavin absorbance region.•Higher level of TiO2 added in packaging ...results in lower milk oxidation.•Appropriate selection of retail dairy case lighting protects milk quality.
Effect of varied LED color temperatures on photo-oxidation in 2% fat milk and protection efficiency of packaging with and without light-protective additives (LPA) under different color temperatures was firstly evaluated. Riboflavin (Rb) is one of the critical photo-sensitizers in 2% milk when exposed to LED light. Higher color temperature with higher relative intensity of Rb absorbance region resulted in lower Rb and vitamin A retention, lower dissolved oxygen content, and higher TBARS value in milk packaged with non-LPA packaging. Yellow pigmented packaging that completely blocked the Rb absorbance region of all three LED color temperatures successfully reduced the rate of degradation of milk nutrients and flavor. TiO2-added packaging partially block the destructive light wavelength; higher level of TiO2 provided a longer protection on milk freshness. Combination of appropriate LED color temperature and LPA-packaging provided a cost-effective solution for minimizing photo-oxidation in retail dairy case.
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