The difference in participants’ characteristics between samples and the inconsistency in the methodology have led to variability in both direction and magnitude of association between ...cyber-victimization and depression in adolescents. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the relationship between cyber-victimization and depression in adolescents. Primary studies on cyber-victimization and depression among adolescents (10–19 years of age based on WHO definition) on PubMed and EMBASE databases were included. The forward and backward snowballing searching method was also used to explore more publications. The main effect estimate extracted from eligible studies was the odds ratio which was synthesized based on the random-effect model. The protocol of this study was prospectively registered on PROSPERO database (registration number: CRD42020185700). Among 1,008 research articles identified, 17 were eligible which comprised a total sample of 79,202 adolescents. The odds of depression among cyber-victims was almost three-fold higher (OR = 2.73; 95% CI 2.25–3.31) compared to non–cyber-victims. The overall effect estimate remained positive irrespective of differences in sample and method characteristics (study location, female percentage, sampling procedures, the use of single vs. multiple items, and elaboration of cyber-bullying definition). The presence of traditional bullying items was found to be important moderator of this relationship. However, none of the anticipated moderators had a clear impact on this relationship. Moreover, absence of publication bias was confirmed. This study confirms findings from the literature about the significant association between cyber-victimization and depression in adolescents across settings and populations. More efforts should be made to address this issue rigorously and to a greater extent.
The concepts about “microwave-assisted synthesis” and “microwave reaction enhancement” have become increasingly popular because of their appropriateness in different organic transformations. The ...advantages of utilizing microwaves in the field of chemistry are indisputable, and the utilization of high-speed, microwave-assisted reactions has undeniably gained significant traction and recognition. In the present study, Co/C material, an amorphous carbon-containing metal, and after characterization, it has been used as an acidic Lewis catalyst for the synthesis of acridine derivatives through a one-pot, multi-component pathway with solvent H 2 O supported by microwave irradiation. The advantages of this method are the decrease of the reaction duration and the use of an eco-friendly solvent that is compatible with the reusability of the Co/C catalyst, and the reaction performance remains stable, up to 87%.
Cyberbullying has become an alarming social issue, but little is known about its prevalence and consequences in many countries. This study investigated the prevalence of cyber-victimization and its ...association with depression among students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1,492 students from eight secondary schools and high schools in four urban and suburban areas. Multi-stage cluster sampling approach was used to recruit participants. Students participated in this study on a voluntary basis and completed a self-report questionnaire that included validated scales to measure their experience of cyber-bullying (Cyber Bullying Scale) and symptoms of depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale). Weighted logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for the cluster effect and sampling probability.
Almost all (92.4%) students reported using the internet everyday and nearly 40% used internet for more than four hours per day. Cyber-victimization was identified in 36.5% of students and almost 25% experienced multiple types of cyber-victimization. Nearly half of students reported symptoms of depression. After adjusting for other covariates, students who experienced cyber-victimization were found to have 1.81 times (95% CI 1.42-2.30) higher in odds of having symptoms of depression.
Cyber victimization and depression are both common in Vietnamese adolescents. Those who experienced cyber bullying have a higher likelihood of having symptoms of depression. These findings indicate an urgent need for interventions and policies targeting this emerging type of bullying in Vietnam and similar settings due to its potential harmful effects on adolescents' health.
Tetanus remains a significant burden in many low- and middle-income countries. The tetanus toxin acts within the central nervous system and intrathecal antitoxin administration may be beneficial, but ...there are safety concerns, especially in resource-limited settings. We performed a pilot study to assess the safety and feasibility of intrathecal human tetanus immunoglobulin in five adults with tetanus before the conduct of a large randomized controlled trial. Intrathecal injection via lumbar puncture was given to all patients within a median 140 (range 100-165) minutes of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. There were no serious adverse effects associated with the procedure although three patients had probably related minor adverse events which resolved spontaneously. Median ICU length of stay was 14 (range 5-17) days. Two patients required mechanical ventilation and one developed a deep vein thrombosis. Within 240 days of hospital discharge, no patients died and all patients returned to work.
This study investigated the association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels with rapid decline of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in type 2 diabetes (T2 DM) patients. A prospective ...cohort study was conducted in a community-based hospital in Vietnam. We followed 405 T2DM patients with normal kidney function for five years. Rapid progression of kidney function was defined as an average annual decrease of eGFR of at least 4 mL/min/1.73 m2 and was found in 16.0% of patients. Patients in the SUA high tertile ( ≥6 mg/dL) had higher BMI (p = 0.004), lower HbA1c (p = 0.001), lower eGFR (p < 0.001) and higher rate of hypertension than low and middle tertile. After adjusting for age and sex, rapid progression of renal function was significantly associated with SUA level (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.02–1.45, p = 0.026). This association was marginally significant when more covariates were included in the model (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 0.99–1.46, p = 0.065). However, the association between tertiles of SUA and rapid decline of eGFR was not statistically significant. This study demonstrates neither a strong significant association between SUA and rapid decline of eGFR nor evidence to refuse the role of SUA levels in the increased risk of renal function decline in in T2DM patients.
Cordyceps neovolkiana DL0004 is a group of insect parasitic fungi collected at an altitude of 1650 m above sea level at the top of Langbiang Mountain, Lam Dong province, Vietnam. C. neovolkiana ...DL0004 has been used in traditional medicine and possesses numerous biological effects such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, antioxidant properties. In this research, the fungi biomass and fruiting body of C. neovolkiana DL0004 were cultured and examined for their antioxidant properties using test methods such as reducing power, scavenging 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, neutralizing 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazonline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) free radical, and inhibiting xanthine oxidase (XO). The results showed that all 7 extracts of the biomass were more active than the fruiting bodies of C. neovolkiana DL0004. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of C. neovolkiana DL0004 biomass showed DPPH, ABTS, and XO free radical scavenging with IC50 values (the concentration of the sample required to inhibit 50% of radical) of 107.01 μg/ml, 111.91 μg/ml, and 106.2248 μg/ml, respectively. Moreover, the reducing power of the EtOAc from C. neovolkiana DL0004 biomass was 0.184 at 1000 μg/ml.From the obtained results, the biomass EtOAc fraction extract of C. neovolkiana DL0004 was demonstrated to contain antioxidant compounds with potential applications in the production of functional foods.
Food choices that shape human diets and health are influenced by various socio-economic factors. Vietnam struggles to meet many nutrition targets where links between food choice and diet have not ...been widely explored. This study assesses the food choice motives, based on a 28-item food choice questionnaire (FCQ), and the diet quality of 603 adults in three sites (urban, peri-urban, and rural) in northern Vietnam. We assess diet quality using the Diet Quality Index-Vietnam (DQI-V) which consists of variety, adequacy, moderation, and balance components. Using factor analysis, we grouped FCQ items into five factors: health focus, sensory appeal, mood ethics, convenience, and familiarity. The structural equation modeling indicates that food choice motives significantly impact the DQI-V and its components but in different directions. The results show that sensory appeal has a positive association with the overall DQI-V score, while having a negative impact on the variety component. Findings present a potential trade-off issue for interventions and policies related to food products. Nutrition knowledge is positively associated with all elements of diet quality across all three study sites. Vietnamese agrobiodiversity could be better utilized to increase dietary diversity. Differentiated policies are necessary to address the poor dietary diversity and adequacy in northern Vietnam.
Human diets and their associated environmental impacts differ across segments of the population. There is evidence that consumer choices of food intake can also affect the overall environmental ...impacts of a food system. This paper analyzes the environmental impact of diets and food choices across a rural–urban transect in Northern Vietnam by using mixed survey data from 619 adult respondents. The average greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) resulting from producing the daily food intake of adults in the urban and peri-urban districts were similar, while the average in the rural district was lower. Although starchy staples contributed the most to energy intake, pork and beef were the largest contributors to GHGE. Metrics of blue water use were higher for diets of males than those of females in all three districts. Interestingly, the difference in mean diet diversity score between urban and rural households was significant, and females’ diets were more diverse than those of males. As expected, urban households were more likely to buy food, while rural households often produced their own foods. Urban households reported prioritizing personal health and the natural content of food and would increase seafood and fruits if their income were to increase. In rural regions, interventions aimed at reducing undernutrition should address improving diet quality without significant increases to diet-related environmental impacts.
Porous amorphous SiC (a-SiC) layer with pore size in the nanometer region was fabricated on the a-SiC/Si substrates by the electrochemical etching method using HF/H2O/surfactant solution. Systematic ...study showed that the HF concentration in the etching solution (in the 1–73% region) strongly affects the structure (both the pore size and the pore density) of the porous a-SiC layer. It was also observed the changing of the photoluminescence properties of the porous a-SiC layer when its structure has been changed.
Ventilator-associated respiratory infection (VARI) is a significant problem in resource-restricted intensive care units (ICUs), but differences in casemix and etiology means VARI in ...resource-restricted ICUs may be different from that found in resource-rich units. Data from these settings are vital to plan preventative interventions and assess their cost-effectiveness, but few are available.
We conducted a prospective observational study in four Vietnamese ICUs to assess the incidence and impact of VARI. Patients ≥ 16 years old and expected to be mechanically ventilated > 48 h were enrolled in the study and followed daily for 28 days following ICU admission.
Four hundred fifty eligible patients were enrolled over 24 months, and after exclusions, 374 patients' data were analyzed. A total of 92/374 cases of VARI (21.7/1000 ventilator days) were diagnosed; 37 (9.9%) of these met ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) criteria (8.7/1000 ventilator days). Patients with any VARI, VAP, or VARI without VAP experienced increased hospital and ICU stay, ICU cost, and antibiotic use (
< 0.01 for all). This was also true for all VARI (
< 0.01 for all) with/without tetanus. There was no increased risk of in-hospital death in patients with VARI compared to those without (VAP HR 1.58, 95% CI 0.75-3.33,
= 0.23; VARI without VAP HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.14-1.17,
= 0.09). In patients with positive endotracheal aspirate cultures, most VARI was caused by Gram-negative organisms; the most frequent were
(32/73, 43.8%)
(26/73, 35.6%), and
(24/73, 32.9%). 40/68 (58.8%) patients with positive cultures for these had carbapenem-resistant isolates. Patients with carbapenem-resistant VARI had significantly greater ICU costs than patients with carbapenem-susceptible isolates (6053 USD (IQR 3806-7824) vs 3131 USD (IQR 2108-7551),
= 0.04) and after correction for adequacy of initial antibiotics and APACHE II score, showed a trend towards increased risk of in-hospital death (HR 2.82, 95% CI 0.75-6.75,
= 0.15).
VARI in a resource-restricted setting has limited impact on mortality, but shows significant association with increased patient costs, length of stay, and antibiotic use, particularly when caused by carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Evidence-based interventions to reduce VARI in these settings are urgently needed.
PDF
