•No new class has been discovered since daptomycin in 1986.•The environmental resistome is ancient.•The majority of antibiotics come from soil-living organisms (bacteria and fungi).•Most antibiotics ...are non-ribosomally synthesised secondary metabolites.•The gut microbiota harbours thousands of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs).
Antimicrobial resistance is considered a major public-health issue. Policies recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) include research on new antibiotics. No new class has been discovered since daptomycin and linezolid in the 1980s, and only optimisation or combination of already known compounds has been recently commercialised. Antibiotics are natural products of soil-living organisms. Actinobacteria and fungi are the source of approximately two-thirds of the antimicrobial agents currently used in human medicine; they were mainly discovered during the golden age of antibiotic discovery. This era declined after the 1970s owing to the difficulty of cultivating fastidious bacterial species under laboratory conditions. Various strategies, such as rational drug design, to date have not led to the discovery of new antimicrobial agents. However, new promising approaches, e.g. genome mining or CRISPR-Cas9, are now being developed. The recent rebirth of culture methods from complex samples has, as a matter of fact, permitted the discovery of teixobactin from a new species isolated from soil. Recently, many biosynthetic gene clusters were identified from human-associated microbiota, especially from the gut and oral cavity. For example, the antimicrobial lugdunin was recently discovered in the oral cavity. The repertoire of human gut microbiota has recently substantially increased, with the discovery of hundreds of new species. Exploration of the repertoire of prokaryotes associated with humans using genome mining or newer culture approaches could be promising strategies for discovering new classes of antibiotics.
This study presents a French translation and validation of the Durand Adaptive Psychopathic Traits Questionnaire (DAPTQ; Durand, 2017), an instrument for assessing adaptive traits known to correlate ...with the psychopathic personality. The first sample, which included individuals from France and Canada (N = 135, 52% in France, Mage = 26.98, SD = 9.24), completed the DAPTQ in French, alongside measures of empathy, positive and negative affects, satisfaction with life, and self-esteem. The second sample included bilingual (French and English) individuals from France and Canada (N = 141, 52% in France, Mage = 29.73, SD = 9.09) who completed both versions of the DAPTQ (French and English), alongside measurements of perceived stress, trait anxiety, and creativity. The results support the DAPTQ-French version good internal consistency (α = .89/.87), convergent validity, and concurrent validity. Correlation between the DAPTQ total and subscales across versions (French-English) showed strong associations (r = .84 to .96). These findings support the cross-cultural equivalence of the DAPTQ and its effectiveness as a valid assessment method of adaptive traits in the field of psychopathy.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Careless and inconsistent responding is a common issue with self- reported instruments, observed in approximately 10% of respondents. The purpose of this study was to develop an Inconsistency ...Responding Scale (IRS) for the Durand Adaptive Psychopathic Traits Question- naire (DAPTQ). First, a derivation sample (N = 525) was used to develop the IRS-DAPTQ, a scale generating a total score from the absolute difference of 12 pairs of items with high intra-correlation. Second, the validity of the IRS-DAPTQ was assessed using human (N = 943) and randomly generated (N = 1000) data. The IRS-DAPTQ successfully differentiated human data from randomly generated data. The IRS-DAPTQ scores showed a negative association with conscientiousness and had higher specificity for a sample of the gen- eral population recruited online than for a sample of undergraduate students. These findings support the usefulness of the IRS-DAPTQ for identifying individuals displaying an inconsistent responding style.
La Terre est de plus en plus hostile à l’égard de nombreuses espèces vivantes et inhabitable dans certaines régions du monde. Ce qui est annoncé dans les décennies à venir n’est pas la fin du monde, ...mais celle du monde que nous connaissons. Partout dans le monde, de nombreux individus (scientifiques, intellectuels, citoyens) croient aujourd’hui au caractère inéluctable d’un effondrement de notre civilisation et leur existence est profondément bouleversée : peuvent-ils encore avoir le projet de fonder une famille? Doivent-ils poursuivre leurs études ou dès aujourd’hui préparer leur survie? L’existence a-t-elle encore un sens? Dans les Consultations d’éthique clinique, nous sommes confrontés à des demandes de contraception définitive pour raison environnementale qui mettent en difficulté le corps médical et les fondements même de l’éthique clinique. Quelles réponses sont légitimes?
Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is an emerging zoonotic arbovirus with a complex cycle of transmission that makes difficult the prediction of its expansion. Recent outbreaks outside Africa have led to ...rediscover the human disease but it remains poorly known. The wide spectrum of acute and delayed manifestations with potential unfavorable outcome much complicate the management of suspected cases and prediction of morbidity and mortality during an outbreak. We reviewed literature data on bio-clinical characteristics and treatments of RVF human illness. We identified gaps in the field and provided a practical algorithm to assist clinicians in the cases assessment, determination of setting of care and prolonged follow-up.
Chikungunya is an arboviral disease causing arthralgia which may develop into a debilitating chronic arthritis. In Mayotte, a French overseas department in the Indian Ocean, a chikungunya outbreak ...was reported in 2006, affecting a third of the population. We aimed at assessing the chikungunya seroprevalence in this population, after over a decade from that epidemic. A multi-stage cross sectional household-based study exploring socio-demographic factors, and knowledge and attitude towards mosquito-borne disease prevention was carried out in 2019. Blood samples from participants aged 15-69 years were taken for chikungunya IgG serological testing. We analyzed associations between chikungunya serological status and selected factors using Poisson regression models, and estimated weighted and adjusted prevalence ratios (w/a PR). The weighted seroprevalence of chikungunya was 34.75% (n = 2853). Seropositivity for IgG anti-chikungunya virus was found associated with living in Mamoudzou (w/a PR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.21-1.83) and North (w/a PR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.08-1.84) sectors, being born in the Comoros islands (w/a PR = 1.30, 95%CI: 1.03-1.61), being a student or unpaid trainee (w/a PR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.01-1.81), living in precarious housing (w/a PR = 1.30, 95%CI: 1.02-1.67), accessing water streams for bathing (w/a PR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.1-2.7) and knowing that malaria is a mosquito-borne disease (w/a PR = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.21-1.83). Seropositivity was found inversely associated with high education level (w/a PR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.29-0.86) and living in households with access to running water and toilets (w/a PR = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.51-0.80) (n = 1438). Our results indicate a long-lasting immunity from chikungunya exposure. However, the current population seroprevalence is not enough to protect from future outbreaks. Individuals naïve to chikungunya and living in precarious socio-economic conditions are likely to be at high risk of infection in future outbreaks. To prevent and prepare for future chikungunya epidemics, it is essential to address socio-economic inequalities as a priority, and to strengthen chikungunya surveillance in Mayotte.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Past findings support a relationship between abnormalities in the amygdala and the presence of psychopathic traits. Among other genes and biomarkers relevant to the amygdala, norepinephrine and ...mineralocorticoid receptors might both play a role in psychopathy due to their association with traits peripheral to psychopathy. The purpose is to examine if allelic variations in single nucleotide polymorphisms related to norepinephrine and mineralocorticoid receptors play a role in the display of psychopathic traits and executive functions.
Fifty-seven healthy participants from the community provided a saliva sample for SNP sampling of rs5522 and rs5569. Participants then completed the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Short Form (PPI-SF) and the Tower of Hanoi.
Allelic variations of both rs5522 and rs5569 were significant when compared to PPI-SF total score and the fearless dominance component of the PPI-SF. A significant result was also obtained between rs5522 and the number of moves needed to complete the 5-disk Tower of Hanoi.
This pilot study offers preliminary results regarding the effect of allelic variations in SNPs related to norepinephrine and mineralocorticoid receptors on the presence of psychopathic traits. Suggestions are provided to enhance the reliability and validity of a larger-scale study.
We tested the use of nasal swabs spotted onto filter paper (Whatman 3M) for the molecular diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Spots of a positive nasal swab in conservation medium (B.1.177 strain, ...21Ct) were still positive (duo E‐gene/IP4) after 10, 20, and 30 days of conservation at room temperature, with Ct values of 28, 27, and 26, respectively. Direct spotting of the swab at bedside (omicron strain) still gave a positive result after 10 days in two RT‐qPCR systems: 33.7 Ct using duo E‐gene/IP4, and 34.8 using a specific Omicron system. Spotting of a dilution range of media spiked with the Delta (strain 2021/FR/0610, lineage B 1.617.2) and Omicron strains (strain UVE/SARS‐CoV‐2/2021/FR/1514) showed a threshold of 0.04 TCID50 after 10 days of conservation. We show, for the first time, that this simple and low‐cost conservation method can be used to store samples for RT‐qPCR against SARS‐CoV‐2 for up to at least 1 month.
La Terre est de plus en plus hostile à l'égard de nombreuses espèces vivantes et inhabitable dans certaines régions du monde. Ce qui est annoncé dans les décennies à venir n'est pas la fin du monde, ...mais celle du monde que nous connaissons. Partout dans le monde, de nombreux individus (scientifiques, intellectuels, citoyens) croient aujourd'hui au caractère inéluctable d'un effondrement de notre civilisation et leur existence est profondément bouleversée : peuvent-ils encore avoir le projet de fonder une famille? Doivent-ils poursuivre leurs études ou dès aujourd'hui préparer leur survie? L'existence a-t-elle encore un sens? Dans les Consultations d'éthique clinique, nous sommes confrontés à des demandes de contraception définitive pour raison environnementale qui mettent en difficulté le corps médical et les fondements même de l'éthique clinique. Quelles réponses sont légitimes? Mots-clés éthique clinique, éthique environnementale, fin du monde, utilitarisme, déontologisme, procréation The Earth is increasingly hostile towards many living species and uninhabitable in some parts of the world. What is foretold in the coming decades is not the end of the world, but the end of the world as we know it. All over the world, many individuals (scientists, intellectuals, citizens) today believe in the inevitability of a collapse of our civilization and their existence is profoundly disrupted: can they still plan to start a family? Should they continue their studies, or should they start preparing for survival today? Does existence still have any meaning? In clinical ethics consultations, we are confronted with requests for definitive contraception for environmental reasons that put the medical profession and the very foundations of clinical ethics in difficulty. What answers are legitimate? Keywords clinical ethics, environmental ethics, end of the world, utilitarianism, deontology, procreation
France faced an unusual situation of dengue transmission in 2022, with 65 autochthonous cases spread over nine transmission events by 21 October. This exceeded the number of cases observed during the ...entire period 2010 to 2021. Six of these events occurred in departments that had never experienced autochthonous dengue transmission. We provide an update of dengue surveillance data in mainland France in 2022. The multiplication of transmission events calls for continuous adaption of preparedness and response to arbovirus-related risks.
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