Background
There is always an increasing demand for natural remedies from natural sources which can substitute the synthetic therapeutic drugs and lessen their side effects. The present study aims to ...investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial properties and in silico docking study of
Citrus macroptera
leaf (CML) extract in both in vivo and in vitro aspect.
Material and methods
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of crude extract was investigated in vitro and in vivo on Wistar albino rat. The antioxidant potentiality also investigated on HepG2 cell line. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against
Staphylococcus
sp. and
Klebsiella
sp. Chemical compounds of the crude extract were identified by GC-MS analysis. In silico docking was also done against NF-ҡB protein.
Results
At 200 μg/ml concentration, CML significantly scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) which was generated on HepG2 cell line. CML showed 71% anti-inflammatory activity (
p
≤ 0.001) against carrageenan-induced paw edema in albino Wistar rats. CML extract is very effective against
staphylococcus
sp. than
Klebsiella
sp. In the docking analysis, the proximadiol and menthone had − 5.6 kcal/mol and − 5.7 kcal/mol binding affinity with the protein NF-ҡB.
Conclusion
In the present work, CML provided notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity. This activity was confirmed by both in vitro and in vivo followed by in silico docking technique. Overall, the experimental results presented in this study suggest that crude extract of CML could be used as a promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory candidate with potential benefits.
Flower shaped zero valent Fe nanoparticles are synthesized using ferric chloride and glycerol as precursor and they are highly efficient in removal of nitrates.
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•Monodispersed flower ...shaped nZVI are synthesized using glycerol as precursor.•Role of –OH group in determining the morphology of nZVI nanoparticle is studied.•Flower-shaped nZVI particles shows 100% nitrate removal efficiency within 2h.•Optimum concentration of flowery nZVI is 2.88g/L for removal of 50mg/L nitrates.
Well-dispersed single phasic flower-like zero valent iron nanoparticles have been synthesized under aerobic conditions using a facile approach without the addition of any additives or templates. The role of hydroxyl groups of polyhydroxy alcohols in controlling surface morphology of nanoparticles has been thoroughly investigated. The obtained nanoparticles have been characterized by TEM, FE-SEM, XRD and BET surface area analyzer. Electron microscopy analyses reveal that the solvent plays a pivotal role in determining the morphology of the particles. With increase in viscosity of the solvent, formations of ‘petal-like’ structures, which are joined at the center are formed. The nitrate removal efficiency of the iron nanoparticles synthesized in different solvents has been studied and it is seen that the “flower-like” iron nanoparticles were most active in the removal of nitrate. Experiments have been done by varying (i) nitrate concentrations, (ii) nanoparticle dose, and (iii) type of nanoparticles. The results conclude that highest removal efficiency (∼100%) was achieved when the nanoparticle dose was 2.88g/L, even for high nitrate concentrations up to 400mg/L. The major highlight of this work is the fact that even though the nanoparticles synthesized in glycerol-water mixture have larger size in comparison to the other nanoparticles, still they remove the nitrates with highest efficiency.”
The aim of this research was to measure the rate of carbon dioxide (CO₂) exchange between the soil and atmosphere in the inter-tidal forest floor of the Indian Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem and to ...study its response with soil temperature and soil water content. Soil CO₂ effluxes were monitored every month at two stations (between April, 2011 and March, 2012); one situated at the land–ocean boundary of the Bay of Bengal (outer part of the mangrove forest) and the other lying 55 km inshore from the coast line (inner part of the mangrove forest). The static closed chamber technique was implemented at three inter-tidal positions (landward, seaward and bare mudflats) in each station. Fluxes were measured in the daytime every half an hour by circulating chamber headspace air through a sampling manifold assembly and a closed-path non-dispersive infrared gas analyser. The fluxes ranged between 0.15 and 2.34 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ during the annual course of sampling. Effluxes of higher magnitude were measured during summer; however, it abruptly decreased during the monsoon. CO₂ flux from the forest floor was strongly related to soil temperature, with the highest correlation found with temperature at 2 cm depth. No such significant relationship between soil water content and CO₂ efflux could be properly ascertained; however, excessively high soil water content was found to be the only reason which hampered the rate of effluxes during the monsoon. On the whole, landward (LW) sites of the mangrove forest emitted more than the seaward (SW) sites. Q ₁₀ values (obtained from simple exponential model) which denote the multiplicative factor by which the efflux rate increases for a 10 °C rise in temperature ranged between 2.07 and 4.05.
Introduction:Sickle cell disorders were originally found in the African regions, Arabian Peninsula and parts of India. However, in today's age of globalization patients with homozygous or compound ...heterozygous Sickle cell disorders can be found all over the world. The objective of our study was to assess the distribution and clinical presentation of patients with Sickle homozygous or heterozygous diseases in the Eastern part of India.
Methods:Patients who attended the Thalassemia Clinic in our tertiary care center, between 1st January 2018 to 31st May 2020 (2 years and 4 months) were retrospectively analysed and the ones with a component of Sickle haemoglobin(HbS), either in the form of Sickle cell anemia/homozygous Sickle cell disorders(SCA) or compound heterozygous diseases, like Sickle cell/β thalassemia(HbS/β), Sickle cell/Delta thalassemia(HbS/D), Sickle cell Haemoglobin/E thalassemia(HbS/E), were included in the study. People having Sickle cell trait (HbS trait), have also been included.
Thorough history of painful crises, blood transfusions, family history and treatment history was elicited and every patient was clinically examined. The patients were diagnosed by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) or Thalassemia Mutation analysis by Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR).
Results:A total of 95 patients with a component of HbS were considered as our study cohort, with HbS/β thalassemia patients being the majority (53.7%), followed by SCA (30.5%). Age of the study cohort ranged between 2-50 years age. HbS/β thalassemia patients presented at a later age (median 17.5 years) than SCA patients (median 12 years). Their demographic distribution is depicted in Table 1.
The most common clinical presentation was painful crisis (32,33.7%), be it abdominal pain (11,11.6%) or bone pain (13,13.7%). Other presenting complaints were pallor (26,27.4%), jaundice (12,12.6%) and fever (4,4.2%). Some rarer presenting manifestations were fatigue (4,4.2%), splenic infarction (1,1%), convulsions (1,1%), Raynaud's phenomenon (1,1%), headache (1,1%) or itchy skin lesions (1,1%). Few patients (4,4.2%) had recurrent pregnancy loss, and one patient was diagnosed incidentally during an antenatal check-up. Most patients had more than one complaint. Very occasionally patients required hospital admission, the reasons being, chest pain, fever, convulsions or abdominal pain.
HbS trait was diagnosed incidentally during evaluation for other illnesses, most commonly during evaluation of pallor (3,60%): one patient was later diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia.
Most patients who attended our center were from within the state or neighbouring states. The patients were treated with Hydroxyurea, with/without blood transfusions, chelation therapy with Deferasirox as required and Folic acid supplementation. People with HbS Trait continued to receive Folate supplementation.
Discussion and Conclusions:This study highlights the varied distribution of HbS among the population attending a tertiary care center, irrespective of a specific area-based population. Till date most studies conducted in India have highlighted the prevalence of Sickle cell disorders among specific focused populations.
HbS/β thalassemia was the most common sickle cell disorder in our study. This is in contrast to most findings in published literature from other countries, where SCA is the commonest. Only one other study conducted in eastern India, has depicted a finding similar to ours.
The median age of disease presentation was at a later age in our study, in contrast to findings in published literature from other countries. There is a variation in the severity of disease manifestation in our study cohort. The most common painful crisis was bone pain, followed by abdominal pain. Pallor was also one of the commonest presenting symptoms. Stroke, a common manifestation of SCA in other countries, was rare in our study cohort.
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No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
In the present work, two compartmental ligands H2L(1) and H2L(2) were in situ generated during the syntheses of new trinuclear complexes, Cu2Ni(L(1))(2,2'-bpy)2(NO3)2ClO42 (), Cu3(L(2))(NO3)2ClO42 ...(), and Cu3(L(2))(NCS)2(NO3)(+) that co-crystallize in with a Cu6(L(2))2Na2(NO3)6(NCS)4 unit to give the final molecular formula Cu6(L(2))2Na2(NO3)6(NCS)4Cu3(L(2))(NCS)2(NO3)2(NO3)2·5H2O (). The magnetic property studies of revealed weak Cu(II)-Cu(II) ferromagnetic interactions in compound (JCu-Cu/kB = +1.4(1) K) and (JCu-Cu/kB = +1.6) while in intranuclear Cu(II)-Ni(II)-Cu(II) compound , the magnetic coupling between two Cu(II) ions is switched off by the diamagnetic square planar Ni(II) bridge. The catalytic epoxidation of two olefins, namely styrene and cyclooctene, by tert-BuOOH (TBHP) was also explored in the presence of a catalytic amount of , or in MeCN. For styrene oxidation, exhibited ∼57% styrene epoxide selectively (conversion ∼37%) with a TON of about 925 along with benzaldehyde (∼43%), whereas exhibited conversion up to ∼63% (TON ∼ 1575) with a good selectivity towards epoxide (∼71%). For compound , this conversion is more important (TON ∼ 8108) probably due to the presence of more active sites involved in the epoxidation. The concerted path was found to be operative for styrene oxidation while a radical path was suggested for the oxidation of cyclooctene.
•M. koenigii, P. betle &M. spicata are consumed raw for recreational purpose.•Interacts differentially with various physiologically-relevant free-radicals.•Neutralized individual components of ...Haber–Weiss reaction & secondary free-radicals.•Possess numerous bioactive phytochemicals.•Direct interaction with Nrf2 & FOXO was visualized.
Leaves of Murraya koenigii (L.) Sprengel, Piper betle L. and Mentha spicata L. are primarily used for recreational-dietary purpose in the Indian subcontinent. The present study was aimed to evaluate their capacity to neutralize physiologically relevant free-radicals (O2 and N2 derived) through direct interaction, primarily focusing on the individual components of Haber–Weiss reaction and comprehensive evaluation of their antioxidant properties. The capacity to chelate ferrous iron and inhibit peroxidation of tissue lipid was reported as well. Dose-dependency against individual free-radicals were reflected by linearity measurements by Pearson’s coefficient, and inter-correlation patterns were studied by multivariate modelling. Several phytochemicals were identified using GC–MS and their interaction with antioxidant transcription factors (Nrf2 and FOXO) was studied through molecular docking and ADME profiling, reflecting potent bioactivities. The present study therefore, indicates that raw consumption of these dietary supplements would likely protect against free-radicals mediated oxidative stress.
Rietveld refinement plot for Y1/2Er1/2FeO3. The scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the sample is shown in the inset. Display omitted
•Dielectric properties of Y1−xRxFeO3 (R=Dy, Er, x=0, ...0.5).•Rietveld refinement of XRD profiles confirm the orthorhombic phase of the materials.•The relaxation mechanism of the samples is modeled by Cole–Cole equation.•Activation energy is found to be ∼0.27eV•The conduction mechanism in the samples may be due to the polaron hopping based on the electron carriers.
The ceramic samples Y1−xRxFeO3 (R=Dy, Er, x=0, 0.5) are synthesized by the solid-state reaction technique. The crystal symmetries of the synthesized materials have been obtained from the Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction patterns at room temperature (303K). The homogeneity of the constituent elements and the grain sizes of the samples are determined by scanning electron microscope study. Impedance spectroscopy study of the samples has been performed in the frequency range from 50Hz to 1MHz and in the temperature range from 303K to 503K. Dielectric relaxation peaks are observed in the imaginary parts of the spectra. The frequency dependence of real and imaginary parts of dielectric permittivity is analyzed using modified Cole–Cole equation. The temperature dependence relaxation time is found to obey the Arrhenius law having activation energy ∼0.27eV which indicates that the conduction mechanism in the samples may be due to the polaron hopping based on the electron carriers. The complex impedance plane plots of the samples indicate the presence of both grain and grain-boundary effects and are analyzed by an electrical equivalent circuit consisting a resistance and constant phase element. The frequency dependent conductivity spectra are found to follow the power law.
Endometriosis is a common benign gynecological disease, characterized by proliferation of functional endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. The present study involves investigation ...of alterations in the serum proteome of endometriosis patients compared to healthy controls using 2DE and 2D-DIGE combined with MALDI TOF/TOF-MS. Comparison of serum proteome of endometriosis patients and healthy subjects revealed 25 significant differentially expressed proteins. Gene ontology and network analysis, performed using PANTHER, DAVID, WebGestalt and STRING, revealed that the differentially expressed proteins are majorly involved in response to stimulus, immune system, metabolic, localization and cellular processes. For serum diagnostic marker identification, several robust statistical screening procedures were applied to identify the set of the most significant proteins responsible for successful diagnosis of different endometriosis stages. Partial least squares (PLS) based marker selection tool and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to identify the most significant proteins for disease prediction. Western blotting validation in a separate cohort of patients revealed that haptoglobin (HP), Ig kappa chain C region (IGKC), alpha-1B-glycoprotein (A1BG) can be considered effective serum protein markers for the diagnosis of Stage II, III and IV endometriosis. For diagnosis of Stage I, only IGKC and HP seemed promising.
Globally, about 12 in 100 women of reproductive age are diagnosed with endometriosis. The pathogenesis of the disease still remains unclear, leading to non-specific therapeutic approaches for disease management. Moreover, there is a delay of 8–12years in correct diagnosis after the initial onset of symptoms leading to a considerable impact on the woman's lifestyle. Also, the gold standard for diagnosis of endometriosis, laparoscopy, is an invasive procedure. The value of a noninvasive or semi-invasive diagnostic test for endometriosis with easily accessible fluids such as plasma, serum, urine, and saliva is, therefore, rightfully recognized. The present study is expected to considerably improve the understanding of the disease pathogenesis along with improved diagnostics and therapeutic approaches leading to better management of the disease.
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•Serum proteome using 2DE and DIGE explored to understand endometriosis pathogenesis•25 dysregulated proteins identified and their role in endometriosis established•3 proteins identified as promising candidate markers for diagnosis of endometriosis
In the present work, two compartmental ligands H 2 L 1 and H 2 L 2 were in situ generated during the syntheses of new trinuclear complexes, Cu 2 Ni(L 1 )(2,2′-bpy) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ClO 4 2 ( 5 ), Cu 3 (L ...2 )(NO 3 ) 2 ClO 4 2 ( 6 ), and Cu 3 (L 2 )(NCS) 2 (NO 3 ) + that co-crystallize in 7 with a Cu 6 (L 2 ) 2 Na 2 (NO 3 ) 6 (NCS) 4 unit to give the final molecular formula Cu 6 (L 2 ) 2 Na 2 (NO 3 ) 6 (NCS) 4 Cu 3 (L 2 )(NCS) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ·5H 2 O ( 7 ). The magnetic property studies of 5–7 revealed weak Cu II –Cu II ferromagnetic interactions in compound 6 ( J Cu–Cu / k B = +1.4(1) K) and 7 ( J Cu–Cu / k B = +1.6) while in intranuclear Cu II –Ni II –Cu II compound 5 , the magnetic coupling between two Cu II ions is switched off by the diamagnetic square planar Ni II bridge. The catalytic epoxidation of two olefins, namely styrene and cyclooctene, by tert -BuOOH (TBHP) was also explored in the presence of a catalytic amount of 5 , 6 or 7 in MeCN. For styrene oxidation, 5 exhibited ∼57% styrene epoxide selectively (conversion ∼37%) with a TON of about 925 along with benzaldehyde (∼43%), whereas 6 exhibited conversion up to ∼63% (TON ∼ 1575) with a good selectivity towards epoxide (∼71%). For compound 7 , this conversion is more important (TON ∼ 8108) probably due to the presence of more active sites involved in the epoxidation. The concerted path was found to be operative for styrene oxidation while a radical path was suggested for the oxidation of cyclooctene.
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