Zaradi zastarevanja znanja podjetja od zaposlenih zahtevajo nenehno izobraževanje, praktično celotno delovno obdobje. Vseživljenjsko učenje je nujno potrebno, vendar se postavlja vprašanje, ali so ...ponudniki pripravljeni na primerno obliko izvajanja tega izobraževanja, ki bi bila učečemu se odraslemu laže dostopna. V prispevku so podani predlogi za vzpostavitev pridobivanja visokošolske ali univerzitetne tehnične izobrazbe za odraslo učečo se populacijo, ki je hkrati polno zaposlena, z možnostjo uskladitve delovnih, študijskih in družinskih obveznosti.
The conservation of cultural heritage and the renovation of other historical buildings requires a whole and interdisciplinary approach, cooperation between experts and the use of modern ...computer-based instruments, appliances and tools with a single goal – sustainable renovation. The sustainable approach also requires a high professional level of activity and time to study and do research on the buildings. The criteria for renovation are made-up of agreements and compromises between the interests of the local government and the common motives and interests of the individual owners and prospective investors. In order to achieve a sustainable renovation, certain supportive elements are needed such as financing, successful project management, and an adequate number of qualified craftsmen with special skills. This article tries to clarify what types of systems and subsystems need to be considered when renovating cultural heritages, when and why we come to deal with a probability – stochastic system, and what would be needed to successfully re-establish a determined system. By analysing the different methodologies within the framework of a complete renovation, we are developing a methodology for introducing the determined system for renovation projects and a model for analysis and decision-making during the preliminary design with the use of modern IT.
Approaches to building renovation require high professional levels, interdisciplinary elements, team work and time to study and do research on the buildings. The process of renovating historic ...buildings is made up of agreements and compromises between the interests of the government, common interests, and the motives and interests of individual owners and prospective investors. Research that deals with any portion of cultural heritages always carried out very precisely, but there is still no precise knowledge of how to define a system and draw up a model that accurately represents a cultural heritage. In the existing literature on this topic, the authors have written about the different views of how to explain the construction project as a system. While many authors focus on ＂sub-phases＂ directly connected to the building of an object, the process involved in the construction phase often neglects the phases required before beginning work, which culminates in a logical sequence in the process of preparing a project. Irregularities or deficiencies which occur during the preparation process of a project often directly impact the construction itself. What the scope of this impact depends on the approach of the contractual organization, the organization of construction companies and on co-operation between the customer （or architects） and the contractors. Unlike the projects for newly built objects, the conservation projects of cultural heritage are not only more demanding because of lack of knowledge of the building materials, construction, foundation and interaction of the mentioned individual parts into a unit called a building. The authors analyzed the structural aspects of building conservation which were suggested by Beckmaun and Bowles and another methodology, which was developed as part of the 5th framework program for the purpose of providing a comprehensive and interdisciplinary treatment of the revitalization of a historical city. The authors found that both methodologies do not include modern IT tools and methods. By analyzing and monitoring the restoration of historic buildings in Slovenia, specifically in the city of Maribor （including all documentation, interviews and direct views） the authors found that the project was regarded as a collection of individual projects rather than a unified whole （a system）. The authors have demonstrated the consequences of structuring a historic building restoration project in a non-systemic way. This type of project can be classified as a non-sustainable renovation. In this article, at first the authors will try to clarify what types of systems and subsystems are considered in renovating historic buildings. The authors show when and why a system becomes stochastic （a probability） and in the end what would be needed to successfully re-establish it back to a determined system. By analyzing the work and reconstruction of old buildings in Maribor, the authors found that it would be necessary to give a new framework with IT tools for the preparation of a historic building restoration project.
Prenova zgodovinskih objektov gradbenim inženirjem ne predstavlja posebnega zadovoljstva in izziva. Morda je razlog v tem, da za načrtovanje projektov obnove ni zadostne podpore s strani ...investitorjev. Raziskovanje zgodovinskih objektov zahteva čas in finančna sredstva. Projekt obnove je za razliko od novogradenj drugačen in temelji na vhodnih podatkih kot posledici rezultatov raziskovanja obstoječih objektov. če vhodni podatki niso točni, se raziskovanje objekta prenese v fazo izvedbe, kar investitorju povzroči tveganje, izvajalcu pa motnje v projektu obnove. Projekt prenove se običajno prične z raziskovanjem obstoječega objekta in z iskanjem arhivskega gradiva. Težava nastopi, če arhivskih podatkov ni. Ključno vprašanje, ki pri tem nastopi je, kako iz razpoložljivih virov in podatkov, ki so za zgodovinske objekte na voljo, napovedati karakteristike objektov, za katere razpoložljivih virov ni. Na podlagi analize literature, gradbene zakonodaje in načrtov za zgodovinske objekte smo izdelali relacijske baze na podlagi katerih smo želeli izdelati napovedni model za naključne objekte. Rezultati za napoved so bili zadovoljivi, zato smo izdelali še ustrezne ontologije ter s pomočjo metod umetne inteligence, natančneje z odločitvenimi drevesi, pridobili novo znanje o karakteristikah zgodovinskih objektov. Proučili smo tudi zunanje udeležence. Na podlagi teorije iger smo utemeljili kateri parametri so ključni za uspešno podporo projektu prenove. V doktorski nalogi predstavljen model za učinkovitejše načrtovanje projektov obnove zgodovinskih objektov s pomočjo uporabe tehnologij za upravljanje znanja predstavlja nov pristop v procesu projektov prenove objektov. Z uspešnim razvojem ontologij bomo s pomočjo pridobivanja znanja iz podatkov ter podatkovnega rudarjenja lahko zagotovili boljšo podporo tistim, ki tovrstno znanje potrebujejo.
Development of techniques for digitalisation of buildings has resulted in digital repositories with millions of digitised items. These vast resources response to queries with datasets containing ...information for completion of user's understanding of building artefacts. Since building models focus on information only, knowledge based approaches can help in adding semantics to information artefacts. In the paper knowledge engineering technologies appropriate for AEC (Architectural, Engineering and Construction) projects are shortly described. New potentials created with the merge of knowledge engineering and BIM (Building Information Modelling) for AEC projects are discussed. An existing knowledge model for construction projects was adapted to a new domain knowledge model for heritage buildings. Result is an OWL (Web Ontology Language) ontology, which was tested in a real use case.
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