We aimed to evaluate the effects of the natural compounds embelin and piperine on the biofilm-formation property of Streptococcus mutans. A total of 30 clinical isolates were identified as S. mutans ...and screened for biofilm formation using the microtiter plate method. The strongest biofilm producer (SM03) was used for identifying both minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC). We subsequently used this concentration against each of the strong biofilm producer isolates at A_(492) ＜ 0.5 optical density (OD). Of the 30 isolates screened for biofilm formation, 18 isolates showed strong biofilm formation, 09 isolates showed moderate formation, and 03 isolates showed poor/nonbiofilm formation. The MIC of embelin for the strongest biofilm producer (SM03) was 0.55 ± 0.02, whereas that of piperine was 0.33 ± 0.02. The MBIC of embelin was 0.0620 ± 0.03, whereas that of piperine was 0.0407 ± 0.03, which was lower than that of embelin. At OD_(492) ＜ 0.5, the MBIC of both compounds significantly inhibited biofilm formation of all the 18 strong biofilm-forming isolates. The results of this study demonstrate a significant antibiofilm effect of the natural compounds embelin and piperine, which can contribute towards the development of a database for novel drug candidates for treating oral infections caused by S. mutans.
A series of 10 p‐substitutedbenzoylmethylene hydrazide derivatives 4a‐j were synthesized by protecting carboxylic group of 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid using methanol and sulfuric acid than reacting it with ...hydrazide to form 4‐hydroxybenzohydrazide followed by reacting with a variety of aldehydes and evaluated for their activity against nosocomial infection. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectral data. The in vitro antimicrobial potential of synthesized compounds was estimated against prominent strains of nosocomial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger). The antimicrobial evaluation revealed compounds 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, and 4j to be the most active compounds of the series with IC50 value for antibacterial in the range 0.39 to 0.75 μM/mL. Furthermore, the in vitro cytotoxic potential of the compounds was appraised by hemolytic assay. The results showed that some of the synthesized compounds exhibited marked activity.
Abstract
Archaeomaterials suffer from various degradation such as atmospheric corrosion, under-deposit corrosion and underwater corrosion etc.; however, the extent of degradation depends on the ...composition of materials, environment, manufacturing process and post-processing technology such as surface treatment like carburization etc. The corrosion (degradation) phenomenon of ferrous artefacts is very complex and has received significant attention for understanding the ancient metal technology and for designing the conservation pathway of historical artefacts. This review highlights the mechanism of degradation under different environments and also paves a path for the future studies by using different analytical techniques to advance the existing knowledge.
Real-time health monitoring of civil infrastructures is performed to maintain their structural integrity, sustainability, and serviceability for a longer time. With smart electronics and packaging ...technology, large amounts of complex monitoring data are generated, requiring sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for their processing. With the advancement of technology, more complex AI models have been applied, from simple models to sophisticated deep learning (DL) models, for structural health monitoring (SHM). In this article, a comprehensive review is performed, primarily on the applications of AI models for SHM to maintain the sustainability of diverse civil infrastructures. Three smart data capturing methods of SHM, namely, camera-based, smartphone-based, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based methods, are also discussed, having made the utilization of intelligent paradigms easier. UAV is found to be the most promising smart data acquisition technology, whereas convolution neural networks are the most impressive DL model reported for SHM. Furthermore, current challenges and future perspectives of AI-based SHM systems are also described separately. Moreover, the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart city concepts are explained to elaborate on the contributions of intelligent SHM systems. The integration of SHM with IoT and cloud-based computing is leading us towards the evolution of future smart cities.
Background: Guillain–Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune polyneuropathy involving mainly motor but also sensory and autonomic nerves. It is considered postinfectious and is been linked with many ...infectious organisms such as human immunodeficiency virus, Zika virus, and others. Since the onset of the pandemic, a few cases of GBS with a temporal association with SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported in adults and children. The manifestations are similar to the classic clinical phenotype of progressive, ascending, symmetrical flaccid paralysis of the limbs with areflexia/hyporeflexia, and with or without cranial nerve involvement. This series describe three children with post-COVID GBS. Case Description: Three unrelated boys, 14 years, 11 years, and 7 years in age presented with varying combinations of pain, paraesthesias, and ascending weakness involving their limbs for a few days. We suspected GBS based on the clinical phenotype of rapidly progressive symmetrical weakness. The Modified National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Criteria for establishing the clinical diagnosis of GBS were satisfied. The typical albuminocytological dissociation in cerebrospinal fluid was observed in all. Management: The GBS was presumed to be postinfectious secondary to the COVID-19 virus in each one, based on elevated COVID-19 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibody titers, exclusion of other common infectious organisms, and normal magnetic resonance imaging. All these patients were started on intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone. Two children recovered without any neurological deficits. The third child expired due to respiratory involvement. Conclusion: COVID-19 infection may result in GBS, the clinical profile of which is similar to that seen after other infectious organisms.
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