In the course of digitalization, information technologies are increasingly finding their way into product engineering processes. The planning and execution of the product assembly are fundamental ...steps that are closely linked to product quality as well as production efficiency. Therefore, the approach of virtual assembly emerged in which virtual and augmented reality technologies are utilized to support planning and operational activities related to the assembly of products. This paper explores the concept of virtual assembly by investigating the common definitions of the term. It provides an overview of all documented use cases of virtual assembly in the literature from the last 10 years and highlights the benefits and characteristics of these applications. Furthermore, current challenges and fields of action regarding the development und usage of such applications are discussed.
Artificial intelligence (AI) carries great potential for data-based process improvements in intralogistics of manufacturing companies. This paper provides a comprehensive catalog of ten AI use cases ...structured along the most relevant intralogistics processes. The catalog has been elaborated during several workshops in the research project IMAGINE and results from a systematic process analysis using e.g. OMEGA and material flow methods. Furthermore, all identified AI use cases are assessed regarding their effort-benefit ratio based on a survey with domain experts and AI experts of three involved manufacturing companies and two research institutes. Both the use case catalog and the assessment show promising AI applications in intralogistics and thus support decision-makers in the strategic planning and implementation of AI.
The design of a product is shaped by different requirements. Some product requirements result from the available resources of the factory. Consequently, the planning of production resources must also ...be taken into account at an early stage during the product development phase to ensure suitable synchronization. This results in the demand for industrial planning to be carried out during product development and to ensure suitable synchronization. This paper therefore examines the interfaces between product development and factory planning. Furthermore, an overview of existing challenges in the cooperation between these two areas is given. Finally, fields of action for further research are discussed.
The concept of the digital twin can be applied to a wide variety of areas in a company. A fundamental distinction can be made between digital twins of a product or service, digital twins of processes ...and digital twins of resources. The combination of process and resource twin forms the operational twin of a factory. In order to lay the foundations for the digital twin of the factory, corresponding requirements must already be taken into account in product development. In a structured literature review, this paper examines the interactions between product development and factory planning and operation at the data level. In addition, common use cases for the digital twin of the factory are examined to develop an understanding of its characteristics. On this basis, some possible activities for further research activities will be discussed.
Nature relatedness can be associated with health-related outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the associations of nature relatedness with physical activity and sedentary behavior.
A cross-sectional ...study involving 9-12 year old children living in Cuenca, Ecuador, was conducted between October 2018 and March 2019. Questionnaires were used to evaluate physical activity (PAQ-C), out-of-school sedentary behavior, nature relatedness and wellbeing. Associations of nature relatedness with physical activity, and sedentary behavior were evaluated using linear regression models or tobit regressions adjusted by age, sex, school type, wellbeing, and body mass index z-score.
A total of 1028 children were surveyed (average age:10.4±1.22 years, 52% female.). Nature relatedness was positively associated with physical activity (β = 0.07; CI 95%: 0.05-0.09; p < 0.001) and non-screen-related sedentary leisure (β = 3.77 minutes; CI 95%: 0.76-6.68; p < 0.05); it was negatively associated with screen time (β = -5.59 minutes; CI 95%: -10.53-0.65; p < 0.05).
Findings suggest that nature relatedness is associated with physical activity and some sedentary behaviors among Ecuadorian school-age children. The promotion of nature relatedness has the potential to improve health.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Moths and other insects are attracted by artificial light sources. This flight-to-light behaviour disrupts their general activity focused on finding resources, such as mating partners, and increases ...predation risk. It thus has substantial fitness costs. In illuminated urban areas, spindle ermine moths
were reported to have evolved a reduced flight-to-light response. Yet, the specific mechanism remained unknown, and was hypothesized to involve either changes in visual perception or general flight ability or overall mobility traits. Here, we test whether spindle ermine moths from urban and rural populations-with known differences in flight-to-light responses-differ in flight-related morphological traits. Urban individuals were found to have on average smaller wings than rural moths, which in turn correlated with a lower probability of being attracted to an artificial light source. Our finding supports the reduced mobility hypothesis, which states that reduced mobility in urban areas is associated with specific morphological changes in the flight apparatus.
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide meaningful information about sponsorship management in state-owned enterprises.Design/methodology/approachQualitative and quantitative data from Germany ...are analyzed in a case study approach using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (Fs/QCA)—an analytic method relevant for describing configurational patterns of causal factors.FindingsThe case study of sponsorships from state-owned enterprises in Germany reveals four alternative configurations of top-management support, sponsee prominence, standardized processes, and sponsorship leverage explaining sponsor satisfaction.Originality/valueThe paper combines two underrepresented but important aspects of sponsorship research, i.e. sponsorship management in state-owned enterprises, in an empirical study. Further, present study adds to sponsorship literature by pointing to fuzzy-set Fs/QCA as a relatively novel method that can capture the phenomenon of complex causality.
Imaging theory for the ISTEM imaging mode Krause, Florian F.; Rosenauer, Andreas; Van Dyck, Dirk
Ultramicroscopy,
October 2017, 2017-10-00, 20171001, Letnik:
181
Journal Article
Recenzirano
•Accurate analytical model describing image formation for ISTEM imaging mode.•Partial coherence fully taken into account.•Division of image intensity into constant, linear and nonlinear ...contribution.•Criteria to find optimal measurement parameters for given experimental tasks.•Robustness towards temporal incoherence shown for linear ISTEM information transfer.
A relatively simple yet accurate analytical model for the image formation in the imaging scanning TEM (ISTEM) imaging mode, which implements partial spatial incoherence using a combination of scanning illumination and conventional imaging, is presented. Based on an object function approximation the ISTEM intensity can be divided into a constant, a linear and a nonlinear term. Under certain conditions, which are discussed, the formation of both linear and nonlinear terms can be expressed by convolutions with point spread functions. A closer inspection of these allows an insight into the advantages of ISTEM compared to conventional TEM (CTEM). The findings of the proposed model are confirmed by comparison to multislice simulations. A close investigation of the linear coherent contrast transfer function allows the derivation of optimal imaging conditions to reach a maximum resolution for a given signal-to-noise ratio. The robustness of ISTEM towards temporal incoherence is finally demonstrated and discussed within the model.
The range of hosts exploited by a parasite is determined by several factors, including host availability, infectivity and exploitability. Each of these can be the target of natural selection on both ...host and parasite, which will determine the local outcome of interactions, and potentially lead to coevolution. However, geographical variation in host use and specificity has rarely been investigated. Maculinea (= Phengaris) butterflies are brood parasites of Myrmica ants that are patchily distributed across the Palæarctic and have been studied extensively in Europe. Here, we review the published records of ant host use by the European Maculinea species, as well as providing new host ant records for more than 100 sites across Europe. This comprehensive survey demonstrates that while all but one of the Myrmica species found on Maculinea sites have been recorded as hosts, the most common is often disproportionately highly exploited. Host sharing and host switching are both relatively common, but there is evidence of specialization at many sites, which varies among Maculinea species. We show that most Maculinea display the features expected for coevolution to occur in a geographic mosaic, which has probably allowed these rare butterflies to persist in Europe. This article is part of the theme issue 'The coevolutionary biology of brood parasitism: from mechanism to pattern'.
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