On January 1, 2015, the Republic of Armenia joined the (Russian-led) Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and actually refrained from entering into the alternative Association Agreement with the European ...Union (EU). Nevertheless, despite the prevalence of historic ties with the scientific community of the EAEU member-states and some push towards that direction, Armenian researchers demonstrate a certain scientific autonomy, which is expressed in numerous international scientific collaborations with researchers from many European countries. This paper proposes a bibliometric analysis of the international scientific collaboration between (i) Armenia and EU countries, and (ii) Armenia and EAEU countries, based on the papers indexed by the Web of Science Core Collection database and the Russian Science Citation Index database. Results indicate that the international collaboration with researchers from countries of both blocks gradually grows, displaying similarities and differences. Globally, Armenian researchers seem to collaborate more with researchers from EU countries rather than EAEU countries. Despite this, individual collaborations with Russia continue to prevail over those with other individual European countries, primarily Germany. Finally, it has been noted that “megaprojects” significantly influence the scientific collaborations between Armenian and foreign researchers.
Background:
Colorectal cancer is now an urgent problem in oncology. Recently, specialists have been interested in a comparative analysis of differences in the clinical course of malignant tumors in ...the proximal and distal colon. The sections differ not only in their embryogenesis and sources of blood supply, but also in the clinical course and population and epidemiological characteristics. The issue of distinctive immunological characteristics of tumors of the colon depending on the location remains open.
Objective:
A comparative analysis of local subpopulations of immunocompetent cells and an assessment of number of cells with the CD45+/- phenotype expressing toll-like receptors (TLRs) depending on the tumor location on the right or left sides of the colon.
Material and methods
: The study included 50 patients with verified colon cancer. The majority of patients were females – 26 (52%), aged 67 ± 0.4 years, and 50% of patients with stage II disease. Depending on the tumor location (the right or left sides of the colon), the patients were divided into 2 groups of 25 people each. All patients underwent standard surgery at the initial stage. The obtained material was used for subsequent studies: a cell suspension was obtained from a tumor tissue fragment, the perifocal zone (1–3 cm from the tumor) which was processed using an antibody panel (Becton Dickinson, USA) to identify the main subpopulations of leukocytes and lymphocytes. Expression of TLRs (2, 3, 4, 8, 9) on CD45+, CD45- cell populations was also determined using the BD FACSCanto flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, USA). Statistical processing of the results was performed using the STATISTICA 13.3 package (StatSoft Inc., USA).
Results:
A comparative analysis of immunological parameters, depending on the tumor location on the right or left sides of the colon, showed:
Tissues of the right-sided tumors had a higher T-lymphocytic infiltration, compared to the left-sided tumors, while the latter showed a higher B-lymphocytic infiltration (p = 0.025).
Peritumoral zone tissues of left-sided tumors demonstrated a decrease of lymphocytes levels (p = 0.027), NKT – (p = 0.035), NK – (p = 0.041) and В lymphocytes (p = 0.038), and a significant increase in CD8+- (p = 0.02) and DP cells (p = 0.0018).
Left-sided tumors showed a percentage decrease of CD45- cells expressing TLR4 and TLR8, compared to right-sided tumors, by 38% (p = 0.038) and 25% (p = 0.043).
There was a decrease in the number of CD45+ cells expressing TLR2 and TLR4 in left-sided tumors by 54% (p = 0.035) and 33% (p = 0.04) respectively, than in right-sided tumors.
The percent of CD45- cells expressing TLR4 in the perifocal tissues of left-sided tumors decreased by 61% (p = 0.031) in comparison to the corresponding tissues in right-sided tumors.
The numbers of CD45+ cells expressing TLR2 and TLR4 were 81% (p = 0.02) and 87% (p = 0.018) lower respectively in the peritumoral tissues of left-sided tumors, compared to the corresponding tissues in right-sided tumors.
Conclusion:
The revealed characteristics of the local subpopulations of immunocompetent cells and the numbers of CD45+/- cells expressing TLRs depending on the tumor location on the right or left sides of the colon can serve as a prognosis of the disease clinical course and the choice of further treatment tactics.
In the last two decades of the twentieth century, the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi (A. Agassiz) has invaded the Black, Azov, Marmara and Aegean Seas, and, recently, the Caspian Sea. Here, we compare ...its spatial and temporal distribution, seasonal dynamics and the time and duration of reproduction.
The seas of Ponto-Caspian basin (Black, Azov and Caspian) are exposed to species invasions, including harmful ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 and its predator Beroe ovata Bruguière, ...1789. Current environmental conditions of invasive ctenophores M. leidyi and B. ovata occurrence, development and variability in the Ponto-Caspian basin have been compiled, based on own field observations and published data. Analysis of climatological data on basic environmental parameters (water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll concentration) and modeling approach were used to predict favourable for both ctenophores conditions, and changes of those conditions, associated with the climate variations. The role of B. ovata as a bio-controller of M. leidyi population has been assessed. Several climate change scenarios have been considered in this study i.e., uniform increase/decrease of SST throughout the year by 2 °C and only spring temperatures increase/decrease by 2 °C. The most sensitive to increase in SST in terms of M. leidyi reproduction duration are the western coast of the Black Sea and the Southern and Middle Caspian. On the other hand, B. ovata reproduction duration is expected to increase in several areas, including the northern coast of the Black Sea and the Southern and Middle Caspian. The coastal areas of the Black Sea and the transitional regions between the Southern and Middle Caspian are exposed to an earlier start of M. leidyi reproduction during warmer springs. Regarding B. ovata, the whole Black Sea is vulnerable to spring SST changes, but in the Caspian Sea B. ovata extends its reproduction duration only in the Middle Caspian during warmer springs. Since B. ovata consumes mostly M. leidyi, it is an important biocontrolling agent of M. leidyi, harmless for the ecosystem.
•Invasive ctenophores M. leidyi and B. ovata existence conditions in the Ponto-Caspian basin compiled.•Analysis of climatological data and modeling approach were used to predict favourable conditions.•B. ovata is an important biocontrolling agent of M. leidyi, harmless for the ecosystem.
Purpose of the study
. Was to evaluate overall survival of CC patients after D2 and D3 lymph node dissections and assess the frequency of postoperative complications and dynamics of postoperative ...recovery.
Materials and methods
. The study included 50 CC patients aged 39–84 years.
Results.
The comparative assessment of the overall survival, frequency of postoperative complications and dynamics of postoperative recovery was performed in patients divided into 2 groups depending on the lymph node dissection extent. Group 1 included 23 patients (46 %) with D2 lymph node dissection, group 2–27 patients (54 %) with D3 lymph node dissection. 8 (16 %) patients developed complications in the early postoperative period. Patients in group 1 had grade I (5 patients) and grade IIIb (1 patient) surgical complications, according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. 2 patients in group 2 developed grade III b complications. No significant differences were found between groups in peristalsis, gases and bowel movement, starting eating and drinking. A significant increase in the number of postoperative bed-days was observed in patients who underwent open surgery, compared with the group with laparoscopic access. No statistically significant difference was found in the overall survival in patients of the two groups (p = 0.918).
Conclusion
. The rates of postoperative complications that required repeated surgery were comparable between the groups with D2 and D3 lymph node dissections. D3 lymph node dissection did not affect the dynamics of postoperative recovery and the overall survival of patients.
Abnormal gene copies, a special type of genetic polymorphism, is a hallmark of most solid tumors, including colorectal cancer. Abnormal copy number of genes leads to tumor-specific genomic imbalance, ...which manifests itself already in precancerous precursor lesions. The aim of this review was to systematize the scattered data on changes in gene copy number observed in colorectal cancer and their impact on the outcome of the disease and response to therapy. The data from 58 studies was analyzed on gene copy number changes and their expression in primary carcinomas, cell lines and experimental models. This review examines the spectrum of genetic changes that lead to colorectal cancer, describes the most frequent changes in the number of gene copies at different stages of the disease, and changes in the number of gene copies that can potentially affect the outcome of the disease of individual patients or their response to therapy. In fact, aberrant gene copy number as a form of chromosomal imbalance affects a number of genes that provide a metabolic selective advantage for a tumor cell. Changes in the genes copy number in colorectal cancer patients not only positively correlate with changes in their expression, but also affect the levels of gene transcription at the genome-wide scale. Aberrant gene copy numbers are closely related to disease outcome and response to treatment with 5 fluorouracil, irinotecan, cetuximab and bevacizumab. Nevertheless, the possibility of translating the genes copy number index into clinical practice requires further research.
Lung cancer (LC) takes the first place in the structure of overall oncology in males. More than 1.8 million of new cases of lung cancer (LC) are registered each year worldwide. LC is the leading ...cause of cancer death in both developing and developed countries, and the 5 years survival rate is as low as 19 %. Many factors explain such unsatisfactory outcomes, including the LC diagnosis at an advanced stage, when the currently available treatments can rarely provide cure. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with chromosomal rearrangement of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is sensitive to targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Tumor cells containing ALK fusion are sensitive to TKIs – targeted drugs that have significantly improved the results of treatment of patients with ALK-positive NSCLC, half of whom survive more than 6.8 years after diagnosis. The number of patients with ALK-positive NSCLC varies, so ALK rearrangements are detected in about 3–7 % of lung adenocarcinomas, which accounts for up to 60.000 new cases of the disease annually worldwide. ALK-positive NSCLC is observed almost exclusively in adenocarcinomas associated with persons of younger age, male and never smoked or smoked a little. Patients with ALK-positive stage I–III NSCLC are shown treatment similar to patients with wild-type NSCLC, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy or multimodal treatment, depending on the stage of the tumor process. Numerous ALK TKIs have been developed in recent years, including alectinib, which is the current preferred first-line agent for patients who haven’t received therapy. The study of the mechanisms of resistance has led to the development of next-generation ALK inhibitors that better penetrate the central nervous system, actively affecting brain metastases. This review highlights the current state and prospects for the development of ALK-positive NSCLC therapy.
Purpose of the study
. To evaluate the number of cells with the CD45
+/-
phenotype expressing Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in tissues of the tumor, peritumoral area and resection line tissues in colon ...cancer (CC) with various tumor locations.
Materials and methods
. The study included 50 patients with CC. All patients underwent surgery as the primary treatment, and tissue material was collected from the patients. Expression of TLRs (2, 3, 4, 8, 9) on CD45
+
, CD45
-
cell populations was determined by flow cytometry in cell suspensions obtained from tissues of the tumor, peritumoral area (1–3 cm from the tumor) and resection line tissues (~10 cm from the tumor) with further calculation of the percentage of cells with the corresponding phenotype from the total number of cells.
Results
. An analysis of left-sided colon tumors showed lower percentage of CD45
-
cells expressing TLR4, 8, compared to rightsided tumors, by 38 % and 25 %. A comparative analysis of the number of CD45
+
cells expressing TLR 2, 4 showed their decrease by 81 % and 87 %, respectively, compared with right-sided tumors. An assessment of the data in the perifocal zone of left-sided colon tumors, compared with right-sided ones, demonstrated a decrease in the percentage of cells with the CD45
-
phenotype that express TLR4, by 61 %. Resection line tissues in left-sided tumors, compared with right-sided ones, showed a statistically significant increase in the percentage of CD45
-
cells that express TLR 2, 4 by 205 % and 55 %, respectively. The number of CD45
+
cells expressing TLR 4 decreased by 87 %. An assessment of the number of cells expressing TLRs 3 and 9 in the tumor, peritumoral area and resection line tissues did not reveal significant differences.
Conclusions
. Lower number of cells with CD45
+
and CD45
-
phenotypes express TLRs 2, 4, 8 in left-sided colon tumors and their peritumoral tissues, compared to right-sided cancer.
Lung cancers biomarkers Kharagezov, D. A.; Lazutin, Yu. N.; Mirzoyan, E. A. ...
Issledovaniâ i praktika v medicine,
03/2022, Letnik:
9, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
More than 1.8 million of new cases of lung cancer (LC) are registered each year worldwide. LC is the leading cause of cancer death in both developing and developed countries, and the 5 years survival ...rate is as low as 19 %. Many factors explain such unsatisfactory outcomes, including the LC diagnosis at an advanced stage, when the currently available treatments can rarely provide cure. Biomarkers are used to assess the development risks, screening, diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis, and to personalize the LC treatment. Clinical use of biomarkers is essential for the identification of a high-risk group for screening for LC and differentiating early LC from benign pulmonary lesions. Current trends in the development of LC biomarkers involve the integration of molecular biomarkers with clinical and radiological characteristics using artificial intelligence for the development of imaging biomarkers, and using highly sensitive technologies such as next-generation sequencing for molecular research. LC biomarkers are now at all stages of development, from discovery to clinical trials requiring high-quality clinical validation. Reliable biomarkers are especially needed to differentiate malignant and benign lesions in the lung tissue and to identify those at greatest risk of developing lung cancer. Scientific advances in understanding LC have led to the development of biomarkers that demonstrate sufficient accuracy in clinical validation studies. Promising trends in the development of LC biomarkers include highly sensitive and increasingly accessible NGS and radiomics technologies, along with the use of easily collected biomaterials, which in combination with other tumor characteristics contribute to the development of biomarkers for assessing the LC development risks, diagnosis, monitoring, prognosis and personalized therapy. This review focuses on the development, current application, and future trends in the use of LC biomarkers.
Lung cancer in older patients Kharagezov, D. A.; Lazutin, Yu. N.; Pyltsin, S. P. ...
Innovacionnaâ medicina Kubani,
06/2021
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Increasing life expectancy is the goal of social programs in the Russian Federation as a reflection of the success of public health. Globally, there is a trend for aging of the population, ...contributing to an increased risk for lung cancer developing which is primarily a disease of the elderly. Chronologic age or performance scores alone are not accurate predictors of patients’ capacity for tolerating aggressive cancer therapies. Use of a comprehensive geriatric assessment to determine treatment strategy is able to reduce toxicities and treatment failures. Safe elderly patients are often able to tolerate surgical resection, radiation, and/or chemotherapy appropriate for their tumor stage, with outcomes similar to those of younger patients, albeit with higher rates of treatment-related toxicity.
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