This study was conducted on the reduction reaction of the azo dye Reactive Black 5 by means of the Mn
85
Al
15
particles prepared by melt-spinning and ball-milling processes. The morphology, the ...surface elementary composition and the phase structure of the powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The degradation efficiency of the ball milled powder was measured by using an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometer and the collected powder was analyzed by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique to characterize the functional groups in the extract. The degradation of Reactive Black 5 and the analysis of the aromatic by-products were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The ball-milled powder shows higher degradation efficiency and the Reactive Black 5 solution was completely decolorized after 30 min. The degradation kinetics and the formation by-products depend on the pH and temperature of the solution. The analyses of the extracted product confirmed the cleavage of the (-N&z.dbd;N-) bonds. Our findings are expected to pave the way for a new opportunity with regard to the functional applications of nanostructured metallic particles.
This study was conducted on the reduction reaction of the azo dye Reactive Black 5 by means of the Mn
85
Al
15
particles prepared by melt-spinning and ball-milling processes.
Off-stoichiometry Heusler ribbons with nominal compositions of Mn
50
Ni
50−x
(Sn, In)
x
(
x
= 6, 8 and 10 at.%) has been produced by melt spinning. Thermal and thermodynamic analyses have been ...performed by means of differential scanning calorimetry scans of the reversible martensitic structural transformation. The transformation temperatures decrease as increasing In or Sn content. The entropy increases with increasing Sn or In content. The dissipation term of entropy is lower than 0.02 in all samples. The martensitic transformation (from austenite to modulated monoclinic 14M martensitic phase) was detected in Mn
50
Ni
50−x
Sn
x
(
x
= 6, 8 and 10 at.%) and Mn
50
Ni
50−x
In
x
(
x
= 6 and 8 at.%) samples. The structural transformation was not detected in the alloy with 10 at.% of indium.
New magnetic nanocrystalline powders (Fe75Al25)100-xBx(x = 0, 5, 9, 12) were prepared by mechanical alloying. The boron content and milling time affect the magnetic and structural properties of these ...alloys. Morphological, microstructural, structural, thermal and magnetic characterizations of powders that were milled for different times were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry and SQUID techniques. The formation of two crystalline phases was observed with increasing boron content. The major phase corresponds to an FeAl bcc phase, and the second phase, with lower content, corresponds to an FeB phase, which required additional milling time. With increasing milling time, the crystallite size decreased to the nanoscale level, whereas the microstrain and lattice parameter of the disordered solid solution increased. A decrease in coercivity (Hc) with increasing boron content was also observed. These variations are explained based on crystallite size and strain variation in the samples during milling.
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•(Fe0.75Al0.25)100-xBx(x = 0,5,9,12) nanocrystalline powders were synthesized by mechanical alloying.•Increasing the boron content, the formation of two crystalline phases was observed, FeAl and Fe(B) phases.•When the boron is added the hard ferromagnetic behavior becomes soft magnetic.•The measured parameters show good premises for remarkable structural characteristics and interesting physical properties.
Fe80Nb7B12Cu1 and Fe80(NiZr)7B12Cu1, nanocrystalline alloys were synthesized in two high-energy ball milling devices (planetary, shaker). The microstructure, thermal and magnetic properties of the ...milled powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM); respectively. Milling device influences the microstructure and properties of final products. The results suggest more energetic milling in shaker mill. The main phase is always bcc Fe rich solid solution. Nevertheless, in Fe80Nb7B12Cu1 alloy minor Nb(B) phase is found after shaker milling and in Fe80(NiZr)7B12Cu1 alloy a low crystalline size Zr rich phase after planetary milling. Crystalline grain size ranges between 9.5 and 15.1 nm; lower values correspond to alloys with a second minor phase. Coercivity values ranges between 28.6 and 36.9 Oe.
Aim: To analyze toxicity, response and outcome of a phase II trial with intensive chemotherapy plus autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) for young patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma ...(PTCL). Patients and methods: Forty-one patients 30 males and 11 females, median age 47 years consecutively diagnosed with PTCL received three courses of high-dose cyclophosphamide 2000 mg/m2/day, adriamycin 90 mg/m2/day, vincristine and prednisone alternating with three courses of etoposide, cisplatin, cytarabine and prednisone. Responders were submitted to ASCT. Results: Sixty-eight percent of patients received the planned treatment. After chemotherapy, 20 patients reached complete response (CR), 4 partial response and 17 failed. ASCT was carried out in 17 of 24 candidates due to lack of mobilization (three cases), toxicity (two), early relapse and patient decision (one each). CR rate after treatment was 51%. With a median follow-up of 3.2 years, 5 of 21 CR patients relapsed and 2 died in CR due to secondary neoplasms. Four-year progression-free survival was 30%. Twenty-two patients have died, with a 4-year overall survival of 39%. International Prognostic Index was the main variable predicting survival. No differences were seen among the 24 candidates according to whether or not they underwent ASCT. Conclusion: This intensive regimen resulted in moderate CR rate, with manageable toxicity in PTCL. The contribution of ASCT in preventing relapse is debatable. Novel strategies to increase CR warrant investigation.
A nanostructured disordered copper–iron–nickel alloy having the (Cu60Fe40)70Ni30 composition was prepared through the mechanical alloying of the elemental powders in a high-energy ball mill under an ...argon atmosphere. The structural and morphological evolutions during mechanical alloying were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The patterns obtained were analyzed using the MAUD program. The transformation of the phase depended on the alloying time. The final product of the mechanical alloying process was nanocrystalline double-phase FCC-Cu(Fe,Ni) and BCC-Fe(Ni) solid solutions with a mean crystallite size in the range of few nanometers. The dislocation densities were found to be 6×1015m−2, and the strain hardening caused by high-energy mechanical alloying was consistent with the concept of dislocations.
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•This is a complete study about the alloying process of a Cu–Fe–Ni alloy.•Nanocrystalline (13nm) Cu (Fe,Ni) solid solution is formed.•We establish the relations between microstructure and structure defects.•Mechanical alloying affects positively the transition towards the magnetism hardening.
Treatment outcome in older patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is lower compared with younger patients, mainly because of a higher induction death rate and postremission non-relapse ...mortality (NRM). This prompted us to design a risk- and age-adapted protocol (Programa Español de Tratamientos en Hematología (PETHEMA)/HOVON LPA2005), with dose reduction of consolidation chemotherapy. Patients aged ⩾60 years reported to the PETHEMA registry and were treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plus anthracycline-based regimens according to three consecutive PETHEMA trials that were included. We compared the long-term outcomes of the LPA2005 trial with the preceding PETHEMA trials using non-age-adapted schedules (LPA96&LPA99). From 1996 to 2012, 389 older patients were registered, of whom 268 patients (69%) were eligible. Causes of ineligibility were secondary APL (19%), and unfit for chemotherapy (11%). Median age was 67 years, without relevant differences between LPA2005 and LPA96&LPA99 cohorts. Overall, 216 patients (81%) achieved complete remission with no differences between trials. The 5-year NRM, cumulative incidence of relapse, disease-free survival and overall survival in the LPA2005 vs the LPA96&99 were 5 vs 18% (P=0.15), 7 vs 12% (P=0.23), 87 vs 69% (P=0.04) and 74 vs 60% (P=0.06). A less intensive front-line regimen with ATRA and anthracycline monochemotherapy resulted in improved outcomes in older APL patients.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease, and optimal treatment varies according to cytogenetic risk factors and molecular markers. Several studies have demonstrated the prognostic ...importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in AML. Here we report a potential association between miRNA expression and clinical outcome in 238 intermediate-risk cytogenetic AML (IR-AML) patients from 16 institutions in the CETLAM cooperative group. We first profiled 670 miRNAs in a subset of 85 IR-AML patients from a single institution and identified 10 outcome-related miRNAs. We then validated these 10 miRNAs by individual assays in the total cohort and confirmed the prognostic impact of 4 miRNAs. High levels of miR-196b and miR-644 were independently associated with shorter overall survival, and low levels of miR-135a and miR-409-3p with a higher risk of relapse. Interestingly, miR-135a and miR-409-3p maintained their independent prognostic value within the unfavorable molecular subcategory (wild-type NPM1 and CEBPA and/or FLT3-ITD), and miR-644 retained its value within the favorable molecular subcategory. miR-409-3p, miR-135a, miR-196b and mir-644 arose as prognostic markers for IR-AML, both overall and within specific molecular subgroups.
Epigenetic therapy, using hypomethylating agents (HMA), is known to be effective in the treatment of high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients who are not ...suitable for intensive chemotherapy and/or allogeneic stem cell transplantation. However, response rates to HMA are low and there is an unmet need in finding prognostic and predictive biomarkers of treatment response and overall survival. We performed global methylation analysis of 75 patients with high-risk MDS and secondary AML who were included in CETLAM SMD-09 protocol, in which patients received HMA or intensive treatment according to age, comorbidities and cytogenetic.
Unsupervised analysis of global methylation pattern at diagnosis did not allow patients to be differentiated according to the cytological subtype, cytogenetic groups, treatment response or patient outcome. However, after a supervised analysis we found a methylation signature defined by 200 probes, which allowed differentiating between patients responding and non-responding to azacitidine (AZA) treatment and a different methylation pattern also defined by 200 probes that allowed to differentiate patients according to their survival. On studying follow-up samples, we confirmed that AZA decreases global DNA methylation, but in our cohort the degree of methylation decrease did not correlate with the type of response. The methylation signature detected at diagnosis was not useful in treated samples to distinguish patients who were going to relapse or progress.
Our findings suggest that in a subset of specific CpGs, altered DNA methylation patterns at diagnosis may be useful as a biomarker for predicting AZA response and survival.
Traceability of patients who are candidates for Hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is crucial to ensure HCT program quality. Continuous knowledge of both a detailed registry from a HCT program and ...final exclusion causes can contribute to promoting a real-life vision and optimizing patient and donor selection. We analyzed epidemiological data reported in a 4 year-monocentric prospective registry, which included all patients presented as candidates for autologous (Auto) and/or allogeneic (Allo) HCT. A total of 543 patients were considered for HCT: 252 (42.4%) for Allo and 291 (57.6%) for Auto. A total of 98 (38.9%) patients were excluded from AlloHCT due to basal disease progression more commonly (18.2%). Seventy-six (30.2%) patients had an HLA identical sibling, whereas 147 (58.3%) patients had only Haplo. UD research was performed in 106 (42%) cases, significantly more often in myeloid than lymphoid malignancies (57% vs 28.7%, p < 0.001) but 61.3% were finally canceled, due to donor or disease causes in 72.4%. With respect to Auto candidates, a total of 60 (20.6%) patients were finally excluded; progression was the most common cause (12%). Currently, Haplo is the most frequent donor type. The high cancellation rate of UD research should be revised to optimize further donor algorithms.
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