As the suitable severe plastic deformation technique that can be used on an industrial scale, accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) has a significant impact in both scientific and industrial fields. ...According to its large spectrum of advantages, such as the high potential to attain substantial grain refinement up to nanostructures, its great possibility in the production of laminated, layered, graded, and composite materials, as well as its ability to design tailored, intelligent, and functionally graded structures with excellent properties, ARB can be regarded as a sophisticated technology to manufacture custom-designed products in large scale. In this regard, it is of eminence importance to thoroughly study the ARB method and its newly introduced variants in addition to the resultant properties along with the influential parameters. This review paper attempts to include briefly these subjects and show their wide capabilities. Hence, it firstly focuses on the ARB method and its newly developed techniques. Subsequently, the ARB-produced multi-component and composite materials were discussed with special attention to the utilized particle reinforcements and production of graded, laminated, and composite structures. Finally, the properties and performance of these materials were discussed with a focus concentrated on electrical resistivity, corrosion, and wear behavior. It is believed that this review paper can be a helpful guideline to both academics and industry specialists to upgrade and design new procedures to achieve excellent and high-throughput techniques with superior properties to satisfy the new demands of the industry.
Tailoring material properties to specific application requirements is one of the major challenges in materials engineering. Grain size is a key factor affecting physical and mechanical properties of ...polycrystals materials, the presented work enables insight into how the pure nickel properties are affected by application of multi-directional forging (MDF) as a well-known severe plastic deformation method. It is demonstrated that the hardness and wear rate are improved by imposing MDF process. The rate of enhancement is reduced at the higher pass numbers. It is also shown that the application of MDF process changed the mechanism of wear. Non-MDF sample's surface shows spalling and delamination, while the dominated wear mechanism of final pass sample is peeling with a slight of adhesion. The change of wear mechanism can be associated with the reduction of friction coefficient of the deformed sample. By considering the linear correlation between the hardness and wear rate, a simple and fast procedure is proposed to estimate the wear rate of sample after the different MDF pass numbers using the corresponding hardness magnitude. Additionally, the attained microstructure of the final pass sample shows a combination of ultrafine grains and micro shear bands.
Thousands of different nanoparticles (NPs) involve in our daily life with various origins from food, cosmetics, drugs, etc. It is believed that decreasing the size of materials up to nanometer levels ...can facilitate their unfavorable absorption since they can pass the natural barriers of live tissues and organs even, they can go across the relatively impermeable membranes. The interaction of these NPs with the biological environment disturbs the natural functions of cells and its components and cause health issues. In the lack of the detailed and comprehensive standard protocols about the toxicity of NPs materials, their control, and effects, this review study focuses on the current research literature about the related factors in toxicity of NPs such as size, concentration, etc. with an emphasis on metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. The goal of the study is to highlight their potential hazard and the advancement of green non-cytotoxic nanomaterials with safe threshold dose levels to resolve the toxicity issues. This study supports the NPs design along with minimizing the adverse effects of nanoparticles especially those used in biological treatments.
Due to their exceptional properties and diverse applications, including to magnetic devices, thermoelectric materials, catalysis, biomedicine, and energy storage, nanoscale metallic multilayer ...composites (NMMCs) have recently attracted great attention. The alternating layers of two or more metals that make up NMMCs are each just a few nanometers thick. The difficulties in producing and synthesizing new materials can be overcome by using nanoscale multilayer architectures. By adjusting the layer thickness, composition, and interface structure, the mechanical properties of these materials can be controlled. In addition, NMMCs exhibit unusually high strength at thin layer thicknesses because the multilayers have exceptionally high strength, as the individual layer thicknesses are reduced to the nanoscale. The properties of NMMCs depend on the individual layers. This means that the properties can be tuned by varying the layer thickness, composition, and interface structure. Therefore, this review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanical properties and the application of high-performance NMMCs. The paper briefly discusses the fabrication methods used to produce these composites and highlights their potential in various fields, such as electronics, energy storage, aerospace, and biomedical engineering. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of the above composite materials are analyzed in detail. The review concludes with a discussion of the future prospects and challenges associated with the development of NMMCs.
This work dealt with the damping performance and its underlying mechanism in SiC nanoparticles reinforced AZ91D composite (SiCnp/AZ91D) processed by cyclic extrusion and compression (CEC). It was ...found that the CEC process significantly affects the damping performance of the composite due to alterations in the density of dislocations and grain boundaries in the matrix alloy. Although there would be dynamic precipitation of the Mg17Al12 phase during processing which increases the phase interface and limits the mobility of dislocations and grain boundaries. The results also showed that the damping capacity of 1%SiCnp/AZ91D composite continuously decreases with adding CEC pass number and it consistently increases with rising the applied temperature. Considering the first derivative of the tanδ–T curve, the dominant damping mechanism based on test temperature can be divided into three regions. These three regions are as follows (i) dislocation vibration of the weak pinning points (≤Tcr), (ii) dislocation vibration of the strong pinning points (Tcr∼TV), and (iii) grain boundary/interface sliding (≥TV).
One of the key issues limiting the application of Al-Mg-Zn-Cu alloys in the automotive industry is forming at a low cost. Isothermal uniaxial compression was accomplished in the range of 300-450 °C, ...0.001-10 s
to study the hot deformation behavior of an as-cast Al-5.07Mg-3.01Zn-1.11Cu-0.01Ti alloy. Its rheological behavior presented characteristics of work-hardening followed by dynamic softening and its flow stress was accurately described by the proposed strain-compensated Arrhenius-type constitutive model. Three-dimensional processing maps were established. The instability was mainly concentrated in regions with high strain rates or low temperatures, with cracking being the main instability. A workable domain was determined as 385-450 °C, 0.001-0.26 s
, in which dynamic recovery (DRV) and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurred. As the temperature rose, the dominant dynamic softening mechanism shifted from DRV to DRX. The DRX mechanisms transformed from continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX), discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX), and particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN) at 350 °C, 0.1 s
to CDRX and DDRX at 450 °C, 0.01 s
, and eventually to DDRX at 450 °C, 0.001 s
. The eutectic T-Mg
(AlZnCu)
phase facilitated DRX nucleation and did not trigger instability in the workable domain. This work demonstrates that the workability of as-cast Al-Mg-Zn-Cu alloys with low Zn/Mg ratios is sufficient for hot forming.
An electrochemical approach was developed for monitoring lorazepam as an anxiety disorders drug in an aqueous solution. In this regard, NiO/SWCNTs was synthesized by a simple and one-pot strategy ...(chemical precipitation in this case) method. Afterward, the carbon paste electrode (CPE) was modified with NiO/SWCNTs for fabrication of a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor, and a new sensor was used for sensing lorazepam. The NiO/SWCNTs/CPE amplified the oxidation signal of lorazepam about 1.86 times at optimum conditions. A linear dynamic range of 0.1–280 µM with a detection limit of 50 nM was observed for sensing lorazepam using NiO/SWCNTs/CPE as an analytical tool. The NiO/SWCNTs/CPE successfully monitored lorazepam with a recovery range of 97.5–104.58% in real samples.
Residual stresses, fatigue behavior, and mechanical properties of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) commercial pure titanium (CP–Ti) are investigated in this study. Residual stresses can ...significantly affect the performance and reliability of CP-Ti components under cyclic loading conditions. The study focuses on understanding the relationship between ECAP processing, residual stresses, and fatigue behavior in CP-Ti. The ECAP process was employed to produce CP-Ti grade 2 samples, and their fatigue behavior was characterized. The results revealed a significant increment in residual stresses, fatigue strength, microhardness, and tensile strength by ECAP processing on the CP-Ti. The measured fatigue limit of the processed CP-Ti was found to be higher than that of coarse-grained CP-Ti and approaches the fatigue limit of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Residual stresses resulting from non-conventional machining processes and surface treatments are known to affect the fatigue life of titanium alloys. Compressive residual stresses have been shown to inhibit the growth rate of fatigue cracks and improve fatigue life. Understanding the effect of residual stresses on the fatigue behavior and mechanical properties of ECAP-processed CP-Ti is crucial to optimizing the design and ensuring the long-term durability of CP-Ti components in engineering applications.
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•ECAP processing leads to the formation of compressive residual stresses on CP-Ti samples.•ECAP processing significantly increases fatigue strength, microhardness, and tensile strength.•The fatigue limit of ECAPed CP-Ti was significantly improved, almost reaching the fatigue limit of Ti–6Al–4V alloy.•Compressive residual stresses can hamper the growth rate of fatigue cracks and promote fatigue life.
A highly sensitive sensor based on a carbon paste electrode modified with a CdO nanoparticle and 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium bromide was used for the voltammetric analysis of vitamin C in the ...presence of nicotin amide adenine dinucleotide. The highly sensitive sensor shows excellent enhancement and electrocatalytic activity towards vitamin C. The variation of pH shows the number of protons is equal to number of electrons for vitamin C electrooxidation. The electrooxidation peak current of vitamin C and nicotin amide adenine dinucleotide increased linearly with their concentration in the ranges of 0.07–480μmolL−1 vitamin C and 0.5–700μmolL−1 nicotin amide adenine dinucleotide. The limits of detection for vitamin C and nicotin amide adenine dinucleotide were 0.03μmolL−1 and 0.1μmolL−1, respectively. Simultaneous determination of vitamin C and nicotin amide adenine dinucleotide was investigated by using the square wave voltammetry technique. The proposed sensor showed good stability, sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility and can be used for some important food sample analyses.
In this study, we describe first report for application ionic liquid modified nanoparticle carbon paste electrode for simultaneous determination of vitamin C and NADH in real samples. Display omitted
•The electrochemical behavior of vitamin C was studied using modified carbon paste electrode.•Synthesis and application of CdO/NPs as novel sensors for vitamin C determination•This sensor is also used for the determination of vitamin C in real samples.•The sensor resolved the overlap response of vitamin C and NADH.
Isothermal uniaxial compression experiments were performed in the range of 300–450 °C and 0.001 to 10 s−1 to clarify the hot deformation behavior of homogenized Al–5Mg–3Zn–1Cu alloy. The results ...revealed that the flow curves exhibited typical characteristics of DRV/DRX accompanied by the work-hardening, and the existence of three distinct stages of work-hardening, transition, and steady-state in each flow curve. A strain-compensated constitutive model for determining flow stress in this alloy was established with highly acceptable predictability. The dominant deformation mechanism of the alloy is dislocation climbing. Also, dynamic-material-model-based processing maps at various strains were constructed, and the unstable and workable domains were distinguished. Instability generally occurred in high strain rates and low temperatures zone with prevalent instability forms such as cracking and flow localization. The workable domain was 375–450 °C and 0.001–0.1 s−1, in which the microstructure of the deformed alloy was characterized by dynamic recovery and multiple types of dynamic recrystallization. The dynamic precipitates were labeled as T-Mg32(AlZnCu)49 phase. These intermittently distributed precipitates along the grain boundaries were stable in all temperature ranges, while the intragranular precipitates were inhibited at 300 °C. Temperature increment to 400 °C led to a large number of dispersed intragranular precipitates which redissolved into the matrix as temperature exceeded 450 °C.
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