Abstract Diets rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with decreased incidences of cardiovascular disease. The extent of incorporation and distribution of these beneficial fats ...into body tissues is uncertain. Rabbits were fed regular rabbit chow or a diet containing 10% ground flaxseed that is highly enriched with the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid α -linolenic acid (ALA). The high-flaxseed diet resulted in an incorporation of ALA in all tissues, but mostly in the heart and liver with little in the brain. Docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid levels were also selectively increased in some tissues, and the effects were not as large as ALA. Arachidonic acid and the ratio of ω -6/ ω -3 fatty acids were decreased in all tissues obtained from the flax-supplemented group. Consumption of dietary flaxseed appears to be an effective means to increase ALA content in body tissues, but the degree will depend upon the tissues examined.
A novel black tea decoction containing vanadate has successfully replaced insulin in a rat model of insulin-dependent diabetes but is untested in non-insulin-dependent diabetic animals. A ...tea-vanadate decoction (TV) containing 30 or 40 mg sodium orthovanadate was administered by oral gavage to two groups of Zucker diabetic fatty rats and a conventional water vehicle containing 30 or 40 mg of sodium orthovanadate to two others. In the latter group receiving the 30-mg dose, vanadate induced diarrhea in 50% of the rats and death in 10%. In contrast, TV-treated rats had no incidence of diarrhea and no deaths. Symptoms were more severe in both groups with higher vanadate doses, so these were discontinued. After ~16 weeks, the level of vanadium in plasma and tissue extracts was negligible in a further group of untreated rats but highly elevated after vanadate treatment. Vanadium levels were not significantly different between the TV-treated diabetic rats and the diabetic rats given vanadate in a water vehicle. Over the 115 days of the study, blood glucose levels increased from ~17 to 25 mmol/L in untreated diabetic rats. This was effectively lowered (to <10 mmol/L) by TV treatment. Fasting blood glucose levels were 5, 7, and 20 mmol/L in control (nondiabetic, untreated), TV-treated and untreated diabetic rats, respectively. Rats required treatment with TV for only ~50% of the days in the study. Increase in body mass during the study was significantly lower in untreated diabetic rats (despite higher food intake) than the other groups. Body mass gain and food intake were normal in TV-treated rats. Water intake was 28 mL/rat daily in control rats, 130 mL/rat daily in untreated diabetic rats, and 52 mL/rat daily in TV-treated diabetic rats. Plasma creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly depressed in untreated diabetic rats, and TV treatment normalized this. Our results demonstrate that a novel oral therapy containing black tea and vanadate possesses a striking capacity to regulate glucose and attenuates complications in a rat model of type II diabetes.
Key words: diabetes mellitus, tea, glycemia, type II diabetes.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
IntroductionCalcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is the most prevalent cardiac valvular pathology, leading to a high incidence of morbidity and mortality if left untreated. The exact pathophysiology ...of CAVS is largely undefined. Genetic studies have shown a strong correlation of the Lp(a) gene to developing CAVS. Lp(a) is known to be the carrier of plasma Oxidized Phosphatidylcholine and results in Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) accumulation. The focus of the present study was to determine if OxPC and LPA in calcific human aortic valves relate with echocardiographic markers of CAVS.MethodsAortic valves (n=98) were obtained from patients undergoing AVR. OxPC and LPA were extracted from pulverized aortic valves and analyzed using a targeted mass spectrometry approach. Lipid values are represented relative to an internal standard and normalized by homogenate and leaflet weights. The severity of calcification and aortic stenosis were measured anatomically by Echocardiographic calcification (ECC) score and hemodynamically by mean AV pressure gradient.ResultsOne-palmitoyl-2-(9-oxo)-nonanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PONPC) was the most abundant OxPC among 58 OxPC molecules detected (49.3±3.8ng), in AV tissue. When valves were graded by ECC score, scores of 1 (no calcification) had observably attenuated amounts of mean total OxPC’s (135.3±39.3ng) compared to those with a score of 4 (severe calcification) (310.1±34.8 ng). Total valvular OxPC increased linearly with increased ECC score. Total non-fragmented OxPC’s were also significantly lower in valves with ECC scores of 1 and 2 compared to a score of 4 (P=0.03). Six LPA species were also identified with 16:0 and 18:1 being the most prevalent. Mean AV pressure gradient had a significant, positive correlation with Total LPA amounts (r=0.580, p<0.001), suggesting that elevated LPA concentrations in CAVS tissue is associated with disease severity.ConclusionsOur study is the largest lipidomics study of human aortic valve tissue demonstrating that OxPC and LPA molecules play a significant role in the etiology of CAVS and provides a novel therapeutic target for mitigating disease progression.
Synthesis and characterization of new thermally stable polynorbornenes functionalized with pendent flexible side‐chains are reported. The flexible side‐chains with terminal hydroxy groups were ...synthesized via SNAr reactions of cyclopentadienyliron‐complexed chlorobenzenes with aliphatic diols. Condensation of these side‐chains with exo,endo‐5‐norbornene‐2‐carboxylic acid led to the formation of substituted monomers which were characterized using one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR techniques. Ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of these monomers yielded polynorbornenes with pendent side‐chains.
OBJECTIVE: The impact of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of the n-6 and n-3 series on the cardiovascular system is well documented. To directly compare the effects of three dietary oils ...(fish, flaxseed and hempseed) given in concentrations expected to be self-administered in the general population on specific cardiovascular parameters in healthy volunteers. DESIGN: 86 healthy male and female volunteers completed a 12 week double blinded, placebo controlled, clinical trial. They were randomly assigned to one of the four groups. Subjects were orally supplemented with two 1 gm capsules of placebo, fish oil, flaxseed oil or hempseed oil per day for 12 weeks. RESULTS: Plasma levels of the n-3 fatty acids docosahexanoic acid and eicosapentanoic acid increased after 3 months supplementation with fish oil. Alpha linolenic acid concentrations increased transiently after flaxseed supplementation. However, supplementation with hempseed oil did not significantly alter the concentration of any plasma fatty acid. The lipid parameters (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and TG) did not show any significant differences among the four groups. Oxidative modification of LDL showed no increase in lag time over the 12 wk period. None of the dietary interventions induced any significant change in collagen or thrombin stimulated platelet aggregation and no increase in the level of inflammatory markers was observed. CONCLUSION: From a consumer's perspective, ingesting 2 capsules of any of these oils in an attempt to achieve cardiovascular health benefits may not provide the desired or expected result over a 3 month period.
Rationale: Cigarette smoke (CS) induces oxidative stress and inflammation that underpins chronic lung disease pathogenesis. Lung surfactant and cell membranes are enriched in phosphatidylcholine (PC) ...containing an unsaturated side chain that undergoes peroxidation (Ox) to form non-fragmented (nf-) and fragmented (f-) OxPC metabolites that can induce trophic and secretory responses in cells: macrophage-to-foam cell induction, cytokine and chemokine biosynthesis, and protease activation.
A series of functionalized polynorbornenes containing pendent ether- or ester-bridged poly(aromatic ether) chains were prepared. The ether-bridged norbornene complex was synthesized via ...cyclopentadienyliron-mediated nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. This methodology, combined with that of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-mediated coupling, allowed for the formation of novel oligomeric aryl ether and ester substituted norbornene complexes. Photolytic demetallation gave the monomers in good yields. Structural identification of the exo and endo isomers of both the metallated and demetallated norbornene derivatives was accomplished using HH and CH COSY NMR techniques. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of these monomers using RuCl
3
(hydrate) and (Cy
3
P)
2
Cl
2
Ru=CHPh allowed for the preparation of the functionalized polynorbornenes. Thermal analysis of the resulting polymeric materials demonstrated greater thermal stability as the number of aryl ether groups increased.Key words: aromatic ethers, cyclopentadienyliron, polynorbornene, ROMP, ruthenium catalysts.
Allergen challenge in mice oxidizes the lung surfactant and cell membrane phosphatidylcholine (PC) unsaturated side chain to generate oxidized (Ox) PC metabolites. The correlation of specific OxPCs ...with allergen induced LAR severity was deciphered using principal component analysis (PCA) followed by K-means clustering and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC).
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