Ezeject is a plungerless syringe prefilled with lyophilized measles vaccine. Ezeject syringes were compared with standard 3-cc syringes and 10-dose measles vaccine vials in the vaccination of 884 ...Guatemalan infants 8-23 months of age. Vaccination was performed by experienced vaccinators and by individuals without prior vaccination experience who received 2.5-3 hours of training. The overall seroconversion rate following administration was 96%, regardless of the type of syringe used or of the experience of the vaccinator. No significant adverse events were observed in children vaccinated with the new syringes. Although incomplete emptying was noted in 87% of the Ezeject syringes used, this had no effect on the serologic response to measles vaccine. Aspiration for detection of blood before injection of the vaccine was performed significantly (P < .001) less frequently with Ezeject than with 3-cc syringes by both experienced and inexperienced personnel. Inexperienced vaccinators administered measles vaccine significantly faster (P < .001) with Ezeject than with 3-cc syringes, but the times were similar for experienced vaccinators. Ezeject is an acceptable alternative to standard syringes for the administration of measles vaccine. Several design modifications that would improve the handling of the device and eliminate the possibility of its reuse have been suggested.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a marker of poor prognostic after cardiac surgery. Recent studies suggest that hyperchloraemia may be significantly associated with the development of this complication. ...However, there is little information regarding the prevalence of abnormal chloride concentrations after cardiac surgery and its relationship to postoperative AKI. On the other hand, the use of inotropes in postoperative cardiac surgery patients has been associated with several types of adverse outcomes.
Determine the relationship between hyperchloraemia and AKI in patients following cardiac surgery and to evaluate whether variables associated with tissue hypoperfusion or the use of inotropes are related to the development of this complication.
An observational cohort study was performed at a hospital with a focus on high-complexity cardiovascular patients. We included 464 adult patients who had undergone heart surgery.
AKI was found in 12.7% of the patients. Additionally, 76% had had hyperchloraemia at least once during the first 48 h after surgery. The highest serum chloride level recorded postoperatively was significantly higher in the patients with AKI. However, when the results were adjusted for covariables, the association was not significant. In the assessment of secondary outcomes, the analysis identified a significant association between AKI and arterial lactate levels on admission to the intensive care unit, but the most notable association was between AKI and the use of inotropes.
Postoperative hyperchloraemia is common but is not independently associated with AKI. This complication is mainly related to tissue hypoperfusion or the need for postoperative inotrope use.
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•This study explores three methods for evaluating postoperative hyperchloremia.•Postoperative hyperchloraemia is common but is not independently associated with AKI.•Postoperative AKI is mainly related to tissue hypoperfusion or need for inotropes.
We report the results of pathologic examinations of 2 fetuses from women in Colombia with Zika virus infection during pregnancy that revealed severe central nervous system defects and potential ...associated abnormalities of the eye, spleen, and placenta. Amniotic fluid and tissues from multiple fetal organs tested positive for Zika virus.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Context: This article presents the real-time estimation of temperature (°C) and relative humidity ( %) (interval of 16 seconds) for the city of Bogota DC via the Internet of Things (IoT).
Method: ...This prototype is based on the Arduino ESP8266 NodeMCU module and the DHT11 sensor, as well as on a server-client HTPP communication protocol viaWi-Fi, with remote access to information. 16 sensors were installed in Bogota DC. These sensors send the observed data to the MATLAB storage cloud (ThingSpeak) via theWi-Fi module and can be downloaded in real-time. The temperature (°C) and relative humidity ( %) values were calibrated based on measurements made by the TTH002-certified digital thermo-hygrometer.
Results: Based on the average temperature and relative humidity obtained, two maps were elaborated by implementing QGis: one with the isotherms and another one with isohumes. The inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation algorithm was used.
Conclusions: The use of monitoring devices based on the IoT significantly contributes to automating meteorological data and structuring and utilizing robust databases in the field of Civil Engineering. Thus, the real-time transmission of temperature and relative humidity data allows for the online analysis of variables. Finally, the term adaptive dynamic cartography is proposed, which is associated with the generation of maps via the IoT, through which changes in the observed variables are displayed in real time, which allows monitoring the variables making adjustments based on an interpolation algorithm, as well as automatically and instantaneously generating isolines, which significantly reduces the uncertainty implied by the spatial-temporal resolution of current cartography.
In this study, we propose a method based on phase space reconstruction to estimate the short-term future behavior of pressure signals in pipelines. The pressure time series data were obtained from an ...IoT experimental model conducted in the laboratory. The proposed hydraulic system demonstrated the presence of traces of weak chaos in the time series of the pressure signal. Fractal dimension analysis revealed a complex fractal structure in the data, indicating the existence of nonlinear dynamics. Similarly, Lyapunov coefficients, divergent trajectories, and autocorrelation analysis confirmed the presence of weak chaos in the time series. The results demonstrated the existence of apparently chaotic patterns that follow the theory proposed by Kolmogorov for deterministic dynamic systems that exhibit apparently random behaviors. Phase space reconstruction allowed us to show the dynamic characteristics of the signal so that short-term predictions were stable. Finally, the study of strange attractors in pipeline pressure time series can have significant contributions to anomaly detection.•A methodology is proposed for the reconstruction of the phase space to estimate the short-term future behavior of pressure signals in pipelines in real time.•The analysis of the proposed hydraulic system revealed some indications of weak chaos in the time series of the pressure signal obtained experimentally.•The methodology implemented and the results of this study showed that the short-term predictions were very accurate and consistent; Chaotic patterns were also identified that support the theory proposed by Kolmogorov.
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PURPOSE: This study aims to contribute to an improved understanding of the environmental implications of offshore power grid and wind power development pathways. To achieve this aim, we present two ...assessments. First, we investigate the impacts of a North Sea power grid enabling enhanced trade and integration of offshore wind power. Second, we assess the benefit of the North Sea grid and wind power through a comparison of scenarios for power generation in affected countries. METHODS: The grid scenario explored in the first assessment is the most ambitious scenario of the Windspeed project and is the result of cost minimization analysis using a transmission-expansion-planning model. We develop a hybrid life cycle inventory for array cables; high voltage, direct current (HVDC) links; and substations. The functional unit is 1 kWh of electricity transmitted. The second assessment compares two different energy scenarios of Windspeed for the North Sea and surrounding countries. Here, we utilize a life cycle inventory for offshore grid components together with an inventory for a catalog of power generation technologies from Ecoinvent and couple these inventories with grid configurations and electricity mixes determined by the optimization procedure in Windspeed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Developing, operating, and dismantling the grid cause emissions of 2.5 g CO₂-Eq per kWh electricity transmission or 36 Mt CO₂-Eq in total. HVDC cables are the major cause of environmental damage, causing, for example, half of total climate change effects. The next most important contributors are substations and array cabling used in offshore wind parks. Toxicity and eutrophication effects stem largely from leakages from disposed copper and iron mine tailings and overburden. Results from the comparison of two scenarios demonstrate a substantial environmental benefit from the North Sea grid extension and the associated wind power development compared with an alternative generation of electricity from fossil fuels. Offshore grid and wind power, however, entail an increased use of metals and, hence, a higher metal depletion indicator. CONCLUSIONS: We present the first life cycle assessment of a large offshore power grid, using the results of an energy planning model as input. HVDC links are the major cause of environmental damage. There are differences across impact categories with respect to which components or types of activities that are responsible for damage. The North Sea grid and wind power are environmentally beneficial by an array of criteria if displacing fossil fuels, but cause substantial metal use.
The aim of the study was to quantify in an explorative way the damage of the wetland area because of drying and construction activities from 1950 to 2016 in Bogotá city. To such end, an estimate of ...the wetland area of Bogotá was made for the years 1950, 1989 and 2016 by reviewing the geographic information of the Agustín Codazzi Geographical Institute (IGAC) and the Aqueduct and Sewer Bogotá Company (EAAB). The information was analyzed of the area variation for each water body. The data shows that the city's water mirror area has decreased by an average of 84.52% between the years of 1950, 1989 and 2016, except for El Tunjo wetland, which grew 79.45%. This situation shows that the protection that has been implemented happened too late, since a considerable portion of these ecosystems rich in fauna and flora is lost. This has generated phenomena such as: flooding of settlements in these areas, disappearance, or displacement of endemic species of flora and fauna and displacement of wetlands.
Este estudio describe las prácticas docentes mediadas por TIC durante la situación de emergencia originada por el COVID-19 en el primer semestre de 2020 en colegios oficiales de Bogotá-Colombia y ...determina la relación entre variables sociodemográficas y las relacionadas con la pandemia. Se efectuó a través de un diseño metodológico cuantitativo con alcance descriptivo y correlacional con una muestra de 113 docentes, quienes en su mayoría utilizaron entre dos y tres alternativas para seguir con sus clases, entre las que se destacan las tareas por mail o WhatsApp, video o audios grabados, uso de plataformas educativas y videoconferencias. Los docentes más jóvenes percibieron la experiencia de usar las TIC como buena y excelente, en comparación con los de mayor edad, quienes la calificaron como regular y mala. De igual manera, los docentes con menos años (biológicos y de experiencia) manifestaron diferencias entre el proceso de evaluación antes y durante la pandemia. Con relación a la periodicidad de contacto con los estudiantes, esta fue mayor en los niveles de preescolar y primaria vs. Los de secundaria y media. Finalmente, los resultados evidenciaron que los docentes reconfiguraron sus prácticas y las TIC fue el mediador de estas.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The reaction of CrCl36H2O with the ligand bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane (L) yielded the cationic complex (Cr(L)(H2O)2Cl2+, which crystallized as the chloride trihydrate (Cr(L)(H2O)2Cl2Cl·3H2O. ...The chromium complex was characterized by elemental analysis, electrical conductivity, Infrared and Ultraviolet/Visible spectroscopy. The crystal structure determination using single-crystal X-ray diffraction showed a chromium center in a distorted octahedral coordination sphere. In the crystal, the packing was directed by OH⋯(O,Cl) hydrogen bonds and weak CH⋯O interactions to build a monoclinic P21/c supramolecular structure. The complex showed excellent properties as an initiator for the ring opening polymerization of є-caprolactone (CL) under solvent-free conditions. The obtained polymer showed high crystallinity (89.9%) and a decomposition temperature above 475 °C. In addition, the new complex was evaluated against epimastigotes from Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) strains. The results indicated that this complex has a high activity against this parasite with a minimum inhibitory concentration 50 (MIC50) of 1.08 μg/mL. Interestingly, this compound showed little effect on erythrocytes, indicating that it is not cytotoxic. These results provide interesting contributions to the design of metal complexes by using simple and accessible ligands with activity against T. cruzi and with potential applications in the polymerization of CL.
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•A new chromium(III) complex was synthesized and characterized.•The crystal structure was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction.•Ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone under solvent-free conditions.•High activity against epimastigotes from Trypanosoma cruzi strains.
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