Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein-1 (TRAP1) is a mitochondrial (MITO) antiapoptotic heat-shock protein. The information available on the TRAP1 pathway describes just a few ...well-characterized functions of this protein in mitochondria. However, our group's use of mass-spectrometric analysis identified TBP7, an AAA-ATPase of the 19S proteasomal subunit, as a putative TRAP1-interacting protein. Surprisingly, TRAP1 and TBP7 colocalize in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), as demonstrated by biochemical and confocal/electron microscopic analyses, and interact directly, as confirmed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis. This is the first demonstration of TRAP1's presence in this cellular compartment. TRAP1 silencing by short-hairpin RNAs, in cells exposed to thapsigargin-induced ER stress, correlates with upregulation of BiP/Grp78, thus suggesting a role of TRAP1 in the refolding of damaged proteins and in ER stress protection. Consistently, TRAP1 and/or TBP7 interference enhanced stress-induced cell death and increased intracellular protein ubiquitination. These experiments led us to hypothesize an involvement of TRAP1 in protein quality control for mistargeted/misfolded mitochondria-destined proteins, through interaction with the regulatory proteasome protein TBP7. Remarkably, expression of specific MITO proteins decreased upon TRAP1 interference as a consequence of increased ubiquitination. The proposed TRAP1 network has an impact in vivo, as it is conserved in human colorectal cancers, is controlled by ER-localized TRAP1 interacting with TBP7 and provides a novel model of the ER-mitochondria crosstalk.
A summary of experience in the development of a microspherical aluminum–chromium catalyst isobutane dehydrogenation to isobutylene using the Yarsintez technology is presented. The development ...dynamics of KDI industrial catalysts based on a new boehmite support is considered. The relationships between elemental and phase compositions of catalysts and their operational characteristics are found. A boehmite support was obtained according to a new two-stage scheme, including the hydrothermal treatment of a thermal decomposition product of gibbsite agglomerates with a required size. This technology makes it possible to control the phase composition of a support and the physicomechanical properties of catalysts and their catalytic properties, which made it possible to obtain KDI, KDI-M, and KDI-M1 catalysts. The most important stages of their introduction into commercial operation at Nizhnekamskneftekhim are described. The KDI-M industrial catalyst provides a stable yield of isobutylene of 33–37% during the isobutane dehydrogenation and a yield of methylbutenes of 30% during the isopentane dehydrogenation. The catalyst consumption is 2−3 kg per ton of isobutylene produced. The ways are proposed for the improvement of a catalyst and the optimization of reactor equipment on the basis of monitoring the catalyst operation results. The KDI-M1 industrial catalyst modified with a silicon-containing inorganic complex is better than earlier products of this series in its activity and selectivity according to laboratory tests and is ready for production.
The widespread use of aluminum oxides to synthesize heterogeneous catalysts in petroleum chemistry and oil refining makes it necessary to determine the factors that influence the efficiency of ...catalytic systems. However, there have been no studies on the effect of amorphous aluminum oxide in aluminum oxide catalysts on the characteristics of a catalytic reaction. The amount of amorphous aluminum hydroxides and oxides is generally not certified, but they can considerably worsen the performance of a catalyst. Amorphous aluminum oxide samples obtained from two different precursors are studied in this work via X-ray phase analysis, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, electron microscopy, and thermally programmed desorption of ammonia. The catalytic properties of the samples are studied in the vapor phase dehydration of 1-phenylethanol to styrene. It is shown for the first time that the transformation of amorphous aluminum oxide during the catalytic reaction lowers the conversion of alcohol from 84 (for a fresh catalyst) to 64% (for a regenerated sample). The crystallization of amorphous aluminum oxide through high temperature treatment contributes to an increase in catalytic indicators. However, they do not reach the required values because of a strong drop in the textural characteristics and acidic properties of an aluminum oxide surface.
Abstract
Inscription of structures by a femtosecond laser beam allows one to produce disordered structures capable of increasing the Rayleigh backscatter intensity in the fibre at relatively low ...induced losses, which makes them potential candidates for use as reflectors in fibre lasers. Here we report a narrow-band erbium fibre laser with random distributed feedback produced by femtosecond laser writing in half-open cavity and ring cavity configurations. In the half-open cavity configuration, single-frequency lasing is observed at output powers up to 2.8 W, with a linewidth near 10 kHz. In the ring cavity configuration, single-frequency operation is observed over the entire range of output powers studied. At the highest output power, 7 mW, the linewidth does not exceed 0.7 kHz.
A study of original iron–potassium catalysts of ethylbenzene (EB) dehydrogenation to styrene and industrially used catalysts: Cat-1 (imported), Cat-2 and Cat-3 (domestic) is performed. Initial ...samples are multiphase systems consisting of potassium ferrites, hematite, and cerianite (CeO
2
). The phase composition of the catalysts after two years of operation consists mainly of magnetite and cerianite, while the amount of potassium (K
+
) in Cat-1, Cat-2, and Cat-3 samples falls by 40, 20, and 26%, respectively. At the same time, K
+
for the Cat-2 sample is distributed uniformly in granules of the waste catalyst. XRD data indicate the CSR size of its CeO
2
crystals does not change appreciably. The CSR size of CeO
2
crystals in the Cat-3 sample falls from 302 to 110 Å, while it grows from 284 to 419 Å in the Cat-1 sample. After two years of operation, the greatest conversion of EB (72.1%) was observed for the Cat-2 sample, and it fell from 72.3 to 57.4% on the Cat-3 sample. There is a 600–1100% drop in the waste samples’ resistance to crushing, making them unsuitable for further use.
Styrene is the widely used as a monomer, which is produced by PO-technology using γ-alumina catalyst. It is mainly synthesized by the precipitation of aluminum nitrate solution by ammonia. However, ...amorphous aluminum compounds are formed after synthesis with pseudoboehmite, which is a precursor of the alumina. Therefore, the product of precipitation and the alumina derived by its heat treatment at the 550 and 750°C were synthesized and investigated. Starting product consists ∼86 wt.% of amorphous aluminum compounds and 14 wt.% of pseudoboehmite. These substances transform into amorphous alumina from and γ-Al2O3 (1) after calcination at 550°C and show low catalytic characteristics in vapor-phase of 1-phenylethanol into styrene. However, after heat treatment at 750°C, when amorphous alumina transform in γ-Al2O3 (2), the conversion, selectivity and styrene yield increase by 10-20%.
The antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of a series of organophosphorous compounds containing the 3,5-di-
tert
-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl fragment were studied. As revealed in biological activity ...assays, the majority of the compounds simultaneously possesses high antibacterial and fungicidal activities against pathogenic and arbitrarily pathogenic human and animal microflora. The influence of the substituents at the phosphonate phosphorus atom and the number of fragments of sterically hindered phenol on the antioxidant capacity of the studied compounds was found. In the case of methoxyl substituents at the phosphonate phosphorus atom, the antioxidant activity decreases sharply compared to the initial antioxidant, ionol (2,6-di-
tert
-butylphenol), whereas the phenoxyl substituents at the phosphorus atom sharply increase the antioxidant activity of the studied salts.
The processes for the production of basic monomers at Nizhnekamskneftekhim via dehydrogenation are described. The cooperative development of modern domestic catalysts with the Kazan Federal ...University is emphasized. The disadvantages of existing catalytic systems are considered, and the possivle ways of their elimination are presented.
The crystalline heteroleptic bismuth(III) complexes, Bi{S
2
CN(
iso
-C
4
H
9
)
2
}
2
(NO
3
) (
I
) and Bi{S
2
CN(C
3
H
7
)
2
}
2
Cl (
II
), are isolated in preparative yields. Both compounds form 1D ...polymer structures and are characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (CIF files CCDC nos. 1877115 (
I
) and 1876364 (
II
)) and (
13
C,
15
N) CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy. The coordination mode of each of the dialkyldithiocarbamate ligands is S,S′-anisobidentately terminal. The inorganic anions performing the μ
2
-bridging function participate in the binding of the adjacent metallic atoms to form zigzag polymer chains. A new mode of bismuth(III) binding involving all oxygen atoms (
O
,
O
'-anisobidentate coordination to each adjacent bismuth atom) is found for the bridging nitrate groups in compound
I
. The bismuth atoms in the studied compounds are characterized by the eightfold BiS
4
O
4
(
I
) or sixfold BiS
4
Cl
2
(
II
) environment. The thermal behavior of the synthesized complexes is characterized by the data of simultaneous thermal analysis, using parallel recording of thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry curves. In both cases, Bi
2
S
3
is the only final product of the thermal transformations of compounds
I
and
II
.
In this article, a comparative analysis of the existing software was carried out, a description of the subject area of the developed system was given, existing software tools, such integrated ...development environments as Xcode, Xamarin, FireMonkey were analyzed. As a result of the work, software was developed that made it possible to obtain experiment data, edit and delete experiments, change the parameters of the installations leading to emergencies and lead to the installation of induction soldering automation systems remotely and internally in the existing information infrastructure.
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