In the eastern Bering Sea, lipid-rich copepods in the genus
Calanus
help to sustain productive fisheries and efficient energy flow through the ecosystem. In summer and autumn,
Calanus
populations ...consist primarily of stage C5 copepodites that are storing lipids and preparing for dormancy (diapause). We collected
Calanus
C5 copepodites from the eastern Bering Sea shelf in early autumn of 2015 and examined whether
Calanus
species composition, morphometric characteristics, and lipid-related gene expression varied along a north-south gradient. The sampled area exhibited marked differences in temperature, chl
a
, and
Calanus
abundance. However, the
Calanus
population was surprisingly homogeneous, composed almost entirely of
C. glacialis
, with no evidence for latitudinal trends in prosome size, oil sac fullness, or lipid-related gene expression. Rather than a latitudinal gradient, we found that
C. glacialis
from 1 southern station near the Pribilof Islands were larger and exhibited lower oil sac fullness and higher expression of lipid storage genes. Gene expression changes across stations were small relative to large shifts associated with shipboard feeding experiments. The similar characteristics of
C. glacialis
across stations imply that most of the C5 copepodites had experienced favorable growth conditions regardless of their latitudinal location. It remains unknown how environmental conditions affect
C. glacialis
physiology during other parts of their life cycle or how patterns vary among years. Continued studies of
C. glacialis
distribution, morphometrics, and gene expression could address these questions and serve as a harbinger for responses to future climatic changes.
Evidence of B + → τ + ν decays with hadronic B tags Grauges, E.; Palano, A.; Eigen, G. ...
Physical review. D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology,
08/2013, Letnik:
88, Številka:
3
Journal Article
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We present a search for the decay B + → τ + ν using 467.8 × 10 6 B ¯¯¯ B pairs collected at the Υ ( 4 S ) resonance with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II B -Factory. We select a sample of events ...with one completely reconstructed B − in the hadronic decay mode ( B − → D ( * ) 0 X − and B − → J / ψ X − ). We examine the rest of the event to search for a B + → τ + ν decay. We identify the τ + lepton in the following modes: τ + → e + ν ¯ ν , τ + → μ + ν ¯ ν , τ + → π + ¯ ν and τ + → ρ + ¯ ν . We find an excess of events with respect to the expected background, which excludes the null signal hypothesis at the level of 3.8 σ (including systematic uncertainties) and corresponds to a branching fraction value of B ( B + → τ + ν ) = ( 1.83 + 0.53 − 0.49 ( stat ) ± 0.24 ( syst ) ) × 10 − 4 .
Freshly prepared simulated milk ultrafiltrate (SMUF) is a solution that is supersaturated with respect to various calcium phosphate phases that precipitate in time. As a consequence, the ion ...composition of equilibrated SMUF was found to be significantly different from that of freshly prepared SMUF. This study proposes a thermodynamic ion-speciation model that is able to describe ion equilibria in SMUF. Moreover, it is also able to describe calcium phosphate precipitation in fresh SMUF on its way to equilibrium by using an apparent solubility product for CaHPO
4·2H
2O as a function of time. The model was validated by experiments in which CaCl
2 and Na
2HPO
4 were added to freshly prepared SMUF. The changes in calcium activity and pH were followed and the precipitates were characterised by X-ray diffraction. The model was able to predict the observed changes.
We describe a measurement of the time-integrated luminosity of the data collected by the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- collider at the Upsilon(4S), Upsilon(3S), and ...Upsilon(2S) resonances and in a continuum region below each resonance. We measure the time-integrated luminosity by counting e+e- --> e+e- and (for the Upsilon(4S) only) e+e- --> mu+mu- candidate events, allowing additional photons in the final state. We use data-corrected simulation to determine the cross sections and reconstruction efficiencies for these processes, as well as the major backgrounds. Due to the large cross sections of e+e- --> e+e- and +e- --> mu+mu-, the statistical uncertainties of the measurement are substantially smaller than the systematic uncertainties. The dominant systematic uncertainties are due to observed differences between data and simulation, as well as uncertainties on the cross sections. For data collected on the Upsilon(3S) and Upsilon(2S) resonances, an additional uncertainty arises due to Upsilon --> e+e- background. For data collected off the Upsilon resonances, we estimate an additional uncertainty due to the time-dependent efficiency variations, which can affect the short off-resonance runs.
OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the association between interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and interleukin-10 and clinical outcomes including mortality in patients with acute lung injury and to determine whether ...lower tidal volume ventilation was associated with a decrease in plasma cytokines in patients with acute lung injury.
DESIGN:Multiple-center, randomized trial.
SETTING:Intensive care units in ten university centers.
PATIENTS:The study included 861 patients enrolled in the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network trial of lower tidal volumes compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury.
INTERVENTIONS:Patients were randomized to a 6 mL/kg or a 12 mL/kg tidal volume strategy that has been previously described.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:Baseline plasma levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and interleukin-10 were each associated with an increased risk of death in both logistic regression analyses controlling for ventilator group (odds ratio 1.63 per log-10 increment, 95% confidence interval 1.33–1.98; odds ratio 2.33 per log-10 increment, 95% confidence interval 1.79–3.03; odds ratio 2.02 per log-10 increment, 95% confidence interval 1.47–2.76, respectively) and multivariate analyses controlling for ventilation strategy, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III score, Pao2/Fio2 ratio, creatinine, platelet count, and vasopressor use (odds ratio 1.63 per log-10 increment, 95% confidence interval 0.93–1.49; odds ratio 1.73 per log-10 increment, 95% confidence interval 1.29–2.34; odds ratio 1.23 per log-10 increment, 95% confidence interval 0.86–1.76, respectively). Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels were also associated with a significant decrease in ventilator free and organ failure free days. Patients with sepsis had the highest cytokine levels and the greatest risk of death per cytokine elevation. By day 3, the 6 mL/kg strategy was associated with a greater decrease in interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels. There was a 26% reduction in interleukin-6 (95% confidence interval, 12–37%) and a 12% reduction in interleukin-8 (95% confidence interval, 1–23%) in the 6 mL/kg group compared with the 12 mL/kg group.
CONCLUSIONS:In patients with acute lung injury, plasma interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels are associated with morbidity and mortality. The severity of inflammation varies with clinical risk factor, suggesting that clinical risk factor should be considered when both developing and testing therapeutic interventions. Low tidal volume ventilation is associated with a more rapid attenuation of the inflammatory response.
We study the processes γγ→KS0K±πℓ and γγ→K+K-π0 using a data sample of 519 fb-1 recorded with the BABAR detector operating at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- collider at center-of-mass ...energies at and near the Υ(nS) (n=2, 3, 4) resonances. We observe ηc decays to both final states and perform Dalitz plot analyses using a model-independent partial wave analysis technique. This allows a model-independent measurement of the mass-dependence of the I=1/2 Kπ S-wave amplitude and phase. A comparison between the present measurement and those from previous experiments indicates similar behavior for the phase up to a mass of 1.5 GeV/c2. In contrast, the amplitudes show very marked differences. The data require the presence of a new a0(1950) resonance with parameters m=1931±14±22 MeV/c2 and Γ=271±22±29 MeV.