Geometric calculus is a special case of the Non-Newtonian Calculus introduced by Grossman and Katz (Non-Newtonian calculus, Lee Press, Pigeon Cove, 1972). Also, it is a more convenient calculation ...method for situations where the geometric increment is more meaningful than the arithmetic increment. In this study, geometric curves are defined and geometric Frenet–Serret formulas for these curves are presented. Furthermore, we give applications of these concepts to geometric magnetic curves.
The aim of this article is to give new generalizations of both the Ostrowski's inequality and some of its new variants with the help of the $ F $-convex function class, which is a generalization of ...the strongly convex functions. Young's inequality, which is well known in the literature, as well as Hölder's inequality, was used to obtain the new results. Also we obtain some results for convex and strongly convex functions by utilizing these inequalities.
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship
between budget deficits and excise taxes revenues in OECD countries for
1999-2016 period. In the study, the bootstrap panel causality technique
...proposed by Kónya (2006), which considers cross-sectional dependence and
heterogeneity across the countries was performed for 32 OECD member countries
(Chile, Japan, Lithuania and Mexico are not included due to lack of data) yearly
data of the 1999-2016 period. According to the results of the bootstrap panel
causality, a significant relationship between excise tax revenue and budget
deficit in OECD member countries exists. Governments due to its ease of
application and general acceptance prefer excise taxes. Thus, the results can
be interpreted that excise taxes are used as a revenue-increasing resource to
decrease the budget deficit or to prevent increase in the budget deficit.
Bu çalışmanın
amacı, 1999-2016 yılları için OECD ülkelerinde bütçe açıkları ile özel tüketim
vergisi gelirleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Çalışmada, 1999-2016
dönemine ait yıllık verilerle 32 OECD üyesi ülke (Şili, Japonya, Litvanya ve
Meksika veri eksikliğine dâhil edilmemiştir) için Bootstrap Panel Granger nedensellik
analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, OECD üyesi ülkelerde bütçe
açıkları ve özel tüketim vergisi gelirleri arasında Granger nedensellik ilişkisi
olduğu ortaya koyulmuştur. Özel tüketim vergisi uygulamaları, uygulama
kolaylığı ve genel kabulü nedeniyle hükümetler tarafından tercih edilmektedir.
Dolayısıyla, sonuçlar, özel tüketim vergilerinin bütçe açığını azaltmak veya
bütçe açığındaki artışı önlemek için gelir artırıcı bir kaynak olarak
kullanıldığı şeklinde yorumlanabilmektedir.
In this article, general integral inequalities are obtained for functions whose absolute value of the second derivative is convex. These inequalities are more general versions of some results in the ...literature and we recaptured these results with the selection of special parameters. In the study, graphs are also used to compare the inequalities that occur with the change of the µ parameter.
Treatment with anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF-α) drugs provides significant improvements in many chronic inflammatory diseases with common pathogenesis, including Crohn’s disease, ...ankylosing spondylitis and psoriasis. However, during these treatments, paradoxically, cutaneous side effects such as psoriasis can be seen. Although its pathophysiology is well understood, it is thought that TNF-α blockade triggers locally excessive interferon-α production in predisposed subjects and causes psoriatic lesions. In this case report, we present a 50-year-old female patient with ankylosing spondylitis and Crohn’s disease who used adalimumab and then infliximab and developed psoriasiform lesions due to these drugs. Anti-TNF-α treatment was discontinued, and ustekinumab was started. Psoriasiform rashes improved; disease activity of ankylosing spondylitis and Crohn’s disease was suppressed. Ustekinumab may be a good option to manage ankylosing spondylitis and patients with Crohn’s disease who develop psoriasiform rashes due to anti-TNF-α drugs.
Background: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease whose etiopathogenesis is still unknown. Previous studies have shown a relationship between certain inflammatory disorders and serum endocan ...levels. Endocan (previously known as endothelial cell-specific molecule 1) might play a role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Aims and Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate serum endocan levels in patients with rosacea to investigate the association of endocan with the demographic data. Materials and Methods: The study recruited individuals aged ≥18 years who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. The participants included 37 women (mean age: 48.29 ± 12.08 years) and 13 men (mean age: 52.23 ± 13.34 years) diagnosed with rosacea, and 37 women (mean age: 49.18 ± 16.6 years) and 13 men (mean age: 53.69 ± 11.30 years) selected as controls. Both groups were matched according to age and sex. The rosacea diagnosis was based on clinical examination findings, and serum endocan levels were measured using the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The statistical significance of the data was determined by the Mann-Whitney U test, and a value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Serum endocan levels differed significantly between the patients with rosacea and the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Circulating endocan might be a new marker related to disease progression in patients with rosacea. Further investigation is needed to determine whether endocan levels could become a new therapeutic target in rosacea, a disease that still cannot be fully cured.
In this paper, we presented ostrowski type DELTA--integral inequalities for convex functions. Also we give some results for continuous and discrete choises of time scales.Keywords: DELTA--integral, ...Ostrowski's inequality, Time scales, Holder's inequality AMS Subject Classification: Primary 05C38, 15A15; Secondary 05A15, 15A18
Abstract Background: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Previous studies have determined that IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 may play a role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory ...diseases. Aims and Objectives: The present study aims to evaluate the relationship of these cytokines with rosacea. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 individuals, including 50 patients with rosacea and 50 healthy controls, were included in the study. IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 levels were measured using the ELISA method by taking serum samples from all participants. Results: The mean serum levels of IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in the patient group were 52.17 ± 24.07 pg/ml, 18.46 ± 8.18 pg/ml, and 25.74 ± 8.36 ng/l, respectively. The mean serum levels of IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in the control group were 32.99 ± 19.90 pg/ml, 44.61 ± 22.27 pg/ml, and 45.61 ± 17.32 ng/l, respectively. The difference between the serum levels of IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in the patient and control groups was statistically significant ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: Based on these findings, an increase in IL-36 and a decrease in IL-37 and IL-38 may contribute to the pathogenesis of rosacea. Future rosacea treatments could target and/or interact with these possible steps in the pathogenesis of rosacea.
Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), a commonly used additive manufacturing technology, is now employed widely in biomedical fields for fabricating geometrically complex biodegradable devices. ...Structural voids arising from the printing process exist within the objects manufactured by FFF. This paper reveals the underlying mechanism of how the printing parameters and voids affect the degradation behaviours of devices made of biodegradable polyesters. It was found that both voids and internal architecture (layer height, for instance) affect the degradation rate by interacting with the reaction-diffusion process. Large suppression of the degradation rate was found when auto-catalytic hydrolysis and diffusion are significant. Degradation rate reduced in an approximately logarithmic manner as void size increased. The extent this effect depended on the strength of auto-catalytic hydrolysis and diffusion, void size and overall device size. The internal architecture of FFF products (regulated by printing parameters) influences the degradation rate by altering the diffusion speed of acid catalysts (regulated by diffusion path length). Both void size and internal architecture should be considered in fabricating biodegradable devices using FFF.
A geometric model that relates printing parameters with voids of FFF is developed to characterise the structure of FFF components. Such a model, when coupled with a degradation model, offers end-to-end simulation capability (e.g. from printing parameters to degradation rate) for predicting degradation properties. The model is validated against the in vitro degradation data obtained in this study. To our knowledge, the impact of printing parameters and voids on degradation is investigated here for the first time. It is found that both the void size and the internal architecture determined by the printing parameters play an essential role in regulating degradation behaviours.
Display omitted
PDF
