A
bstract
The leading contributions from heavy new physics to Higgs processes can be captured in a model-independent way by dimension-six operators in an effective Lagrangian approach. We present a ...complete analysis of how these contributions affect Higgs couplings. Under certain well-motivated assumptions, we find that 8 CP-even plus 3 CP-odd Wilson coefficients parametrize the main impact in Higgs physics, as all other coefficients are constrained by non-Higgs SM measurements. We calculate the most relevant anomalous dimensions for these Wilson coefficients, which describe operator mixing from the heavy scale down to the electroweak scale. This allows us to find the leading-log corrections to the predictions for the Higgs couplings in specific models, such as the MSSM or composite Higgs, which we find to be significant in certain cases.
S-matrix bootstrap for resonances Doroud, N.; Miró, J. Elias
The journal of high energy physics,
09/2018, Letnik:
2018, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A
bstract
We study the 2 → 2
S
-matrix element of a generic, gapped and Lorentz invariant QFT in
d
= 1 + 1 space time dimensions. We derive an analytical bound on the coupling of the asymptotic ...states to unstable particles (a.k.a. resonances) and its physical implications. This is achieved by exploiting the connection between the
S
-matrix phase-shift and the roots of the
S
-matrix in the physical sheet. We also develop a numerical framework to recover the analytical bound as a solution to a numerical optimization problem. This later approach can be generalized to
d
= 3 + 1 spacetime dimensions.
Conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) results in high cure rates in pediatric patients but is suboptimal in the treatment of adult patients. The 5-year ...overall survival is approximately 90% in children and 30% to 40% in adults and elderly patients. Adults with ALL tend to have higher risk factors at diagnosis, more comorbidities, and increasing age that often requires dose reductions. Major advancements have been made in redefining the pathologic classification of ALL, identifying new cytogenetic-molecular abnormalities, and developing novel targeted agents in order to improve survival. The addition of new monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors to conventional chemotherapy in the frontline setting has resulted in increased rates of complete remission and overall survival. These new developments are changing the treatment of adult ALL from a "one therapy fits all" approach to individualized treatment based on patient's cytogenetic and molecular profile.
Green tea (
Camellia sinensis) is rich in catechins, of which (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant. Studies in animal models of carcinogenesis have shown that green tea and EGCG ...can inhibit tumorigenesis during the initiation, promotion and progression stages. Many potential mechanisms have been proposed including both antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects, but questions remain regarding the relevance of these mechanisms to cancer prevention. In the present review, we will discuss the redox chemistry of the tea catechins and the current literature on the antioxidant and pro-oxidative effects of the green tea polyphenols as they relate to cancer prevention. We report that although the catechins are chemical antioxidants which can quench free radical species and chelate transition metals, there is evidence that some of the effects of these compounds may be related to induction of oxidative stress. Such pro-oxidant effects appear to be responsible for the induction of apoptosis in tumor cells. These pro-oxidant effects may also induce endogenous antioxidant systems in normal tissues that offer protection against carcinogenic insult. This review is meant point out understudied areas and stimulate research on the topic with the hope that insights into the mechanisms of cancer preventive activity of tea polyphenols will result.
The bottom-up synthesis of artificial, life-like systems promises to enable the study of emergent properties distinctive to life. Here, we report protocell systems generated from phase-separated ...building blocks. Vesicle protocells self-reproduce through a phase-transfer mechanism, catalysing their own formation. Dissipative self-assembly by the protocells is achieved when a hydrolysis step to destroy the surfactant is introduced. Competition between micelle and vesicle based replicators for a common feedstock shows that environmental conditions can control what species predominates: under basic conditions vesicles predominate, but in a neutral medium micelles are selected for
via
a mechanism which inhibits vesicle formation. Finally, the protocells enable orthogonal reactivity by catalysing
in situ
formation of an amphiphilic organocatalyst, which after incorporation into the vesicle bilayer enantioselectively forms a secondary product.
The bottom-up synthesis of a self-reproducing protocell model enables the study of emergent properties distinctive to life.
Multiple surgical targets for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder with deep brain stimulation (DBS) have been proposed. However, different targets may modulate the same neural network responsible ...for clinical improvement. We analyzed data from four cohorts of patients (N = 50) that underwent DBS to the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC), the nucleus accumbens or the subthalamic nucleus (STN). The same fiber bundle was associated with optimal clinical response in cohorts targeting either structure. This bundle connected frontal regions to the STN. When informing the tract target based on the first cohort, clinical improvements in the second could be significantly predicted, and vice versa. To further confirm results, clinical improvements in eight patients from a third center and six patients from a fourth center were significantly predicted based on their stimulation overlap with this tract. Our results show that connectivity-derived models may inform clinical improvements across DBS targets, surgeons and centers. The identified tract target is openly available in atlas form.
A
bstract
Finding better ways to prove the Standard Model Effective Field Theory is a very important direction of research. This paper focuses on measurements of Electroweak triple gauge couplings, ...paying special attention on the regime of validity of the Effective Field Theory (EFT). In this regard, one of our goals is to find measurements leading to a large increase of the interference between the SM amplitude and the contribution of irrelevant operators in the EFT. We propose two such distributions that will lead to a better accuracy. Improvements compared to the traditional methods as well as LHC high luminosity prospects are discussed.
Abstract
Commonly used for Parkinson’s disease (PD), deep brain stimulation (DBS) produces marked clinical benefits when optimized. However, assessing the large number of possible stimulation ...settings (i.e., programming) requires numerous clinic visits. Here, we examine whether functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be used to predict optimal stimulation settings for individual patients. We analyze 3 T fMRI data prospectively acquired as part of an observational trial in 67 PD patients using optimal and non-optimal stimulation settings. Clinically optimal stimulation produces a characteristic fMRI brain response pattern marked by preferential engagement of the motor circuit. Then, we build a machine learning model predicting optimal vs. non-optimal settings using the fMRI patterns of 39 PD patients with a priori clinically optimized DBS (88% accuracy). The model predicts optimal stimulation settings in unseen datasets: a priori clinically optimized and stimulation-naïve PD patients. We propose that fMRI brain responses to DBS stimulation in PD patients could represent an objective biomarker of clinical response. Upon further validation with additional studies, these findings may open the door to functional imaging-assisted DBS programming.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from aerobic metabolism, as a result of accidental electron leakage as well as regulated enzymatic processes. Because ...ROS/RNS can induce oxidative injury and act in redox signaling, enzymes metabolizing them will inherently promote either health or disease, depending on the physiological context. It is thus misleading to consider conventionally called antioxidant enzymes to be largely, if not exclusively, health protective. Because such a notion is nonetheless common, we herein attempt to rationalize why this simplistic view should be avoided. First we give an updated summary of physiological phenotypes triggered in mouse models of overexpression or knockout of major antioxidant enzymes. Subsequently, we focus on a series of striking cases that demonstrate "paradoxical" outcomes, i.e., increased fitness upon deletion of antioxidant enzymes or disease triggered by their overexpression. We elaborate mechanisms by which these phenotypes are mediated via chemical, biological, and metabolic interactions of the antioxidant enzymes with their substrates, downstream events, and cellular context. Furthermore, we propose that novel treatments of antioxidant enzyme-related human diseases may be enabled by deliberate targeting of dual roles of the pertaining enzymes. We also discuss the potential of "antioxidant" nutrients and phytochemicals, via regulating the expression or function of antioxidant enzymes, in preventing, treating, or aggravating chronic diseases. We conclude that "paradoxical" roles of antioxidant enzymes in physiology, health, and disease derive from sophisticated molecular mechanisms of redox biology and metabolic homeostasis. Simply viewing antioxidant enzymes as always being beneficial is not only conceptually misleading but also clinically hazardous if such notions underpin medical treatment protocols based on modulation of redox pathways.
Sumsets and Projective Curves Elias, J.
Mediterranean journal of mathematics,
2022/8, Letnik:
19, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The aim of this note is to exploit a new relationship between additive combinatorics and the geometry of monomial projective curves. We associate to a finite set of non-negative integers
A
=
{
a
1
,
...…
,
a
n
}
a monomial projective curve
C
A
⊂
P
k
n
-
1
such that the Hilbert function of
C
A
and the cardinalities of
s
A
:
=
{
a
i
1
+
⋯
+
a
i
s
∣
1
≤
i
1
≤
⋯
≤
i
s
≤
n
}
agree. The singularities of
C
A
determines the asymptotic behaviour of |
sA
|, equivalently the Hilbert polynomial of
C
A
, and the asymptotic structure of
sA
. We show that some additive inverse problems can be translate to the rigidity of Hilbert polynomials and we improve an upper bound of the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of monomial projective curves by using results of additive combinatorics.
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