The Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) instrument is on board NASA's Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover. REMS has been measuring surface pressure, air, and ground brightness ...temperature, relative humidity, and ultraviolet (UV) irradiance since MSL's landing in 2012. In Mars Year (MY) 34 (2018) a global dust storm reached Gale Crater at Ls ~ 190°. REMS offers a unique opportunity to better understand the impact of a global dust storm on local environmental conditions, which complements previous observations by the Viking landers and Mars Exploration Rovers. All atmospheric variables measured by REMS are strongly affected albeit at different times. During the onset phase, the daily maximum UV radiation decreased by 90% between sols 2075 (opacity ~1) and 2085 (opacity ~8.5). The diurnal range in ground and air temperatures decreased by 35 and 56 K, respectively, with also a diurnal‐average decrease of ~2 and 4 K respectively. The maximum relative humidity, which occurs right before sunrise, decreased to below 5%, compared with prestorm values of up to 29%, due to the warmer air temperatures at night, while the inferred water vapor abundance suggests an increase during the storm. Between sols 2085 and 2130, the typical nighttime stable inversion layer was absent near the surface as ground temperatures remained warmer than near‐surface air temperatures. Finally, the frequency domain behavior of the diurnal pressure cycle shows a strong increase in the strength of the semidiurnal and terdiurnal modes peaking after the local opacity maximum, also suggesting differences in the dust abundance inside and outside Gale.
Key Points
Atmospheric opacity over Gale Crater was increased by more than 8 times and disturbed all the atmospheric variables measured by REMS
REMS data suggest that the nighttime near‐surface atmosphere stability was reduced and its water abundance increased during the GDS
The semidiurnal mode peaked after the local opacity maximum, suggesting different dust abundance inside and outside Gale
Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (ACT) is a serious adverse drug reaction limiting anthracycline use and causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to identify genetic variants ...associated with ACT in patients treated for childhood cancer.
We carried out a study of 2,977 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 220 key drug biotransformation genes in a discovery cohort of 156 anthracycline-treated children from British Columbia, with replication in a second cohort of 188 children from across Canada and further replication of the top SNP in a third cohort of 96 patients from Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
We identified a highly significant association of a synonymous coding variant rs7853758 (L461L) within the SLC28A3 gene with ACT (odds ratio, 0.35; P = 1.8 × 10(-5) for all cohorts combined). Additional associations (P < .01) with risk and protective variants in other genes including SLC28A1 and several adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters (ABCB1, ABCB4, and ABCC1) were present. We further explored combining multiple variants into a single-prediction model together with clinical risk factors and classification of patients into three risk groups. In the high-risk group, 75% of patients were accurately predicted to develop ACT, with 36% developing this within the first year alone, whereas in the low-risk group, 96% of patients were accurately predicted not to develop ACT.
We have identified multiple genetic variants in SLC28A3 and other genes associated with ACT. Combined with clinical risk factors, genetic risk profiling might be used to identify high-risk patients who can then be provided with safer treatment options.
Trypanosoma cruzi, 9 isolates not examined previously for kinetoplast DNA structure were characterized by (a) endonuclease restriction analysis of mini-circles followed by agarose gel-electrophoresis ...of digests, and (b) hybridization of mini- and maxi-circle fragments with cloned mini-circles from T. cruzi or with maxi-circles from T. brucei, differences in isolate mini-circle populations could be useful for differentiating stocks that did not present major variation in overall mini-circle pattern, maxi-circle polymorphic restriction endonuclease sites proved reliable tool for taxonomic purposes, detection of rapidly evolving mini-circle regions
•Huge potential for marketers that implement AI, VR technologies.•Customer engagement behaviors and customer journeys enhanced via SMM.•Importance of ethical practice and explainability in use of AI ...and ML.•Trust is positively impacted via the cultivation of customer engagement.•eWOM overload can be mitigated by applying new tools and mechanisms.
The use of the internet and social media have changed consumer behavior and the ways in which companies conduct their business. Social and digital marketing offers significant opportunities to organizations through lower costs, improved brand awareness and increased sales. However, significant challenges exist from negative electronic word-of-mouth as well as intrusive and irritating online brand presence. This article brings together the collective insight from several leading experts on issues relating to digital and social media marketing. The experts’ perspectives offer a detailed narrative on key aspects of this important topic as well as perspectives on more specific issues including artificial intelligence, augmented reality marketing, digital content management, mobile marketing and advertising, B2B marketing, electronic word of mouth and ethical issues therein. This research offers a significant and timely contribution to both researchers and practitioners in the form of challenges and opportunities where we highlight the limitations within the current research, outline the research gaps and develop the questions and propositions that can help advance knowledge within the domain of digital and social marketing.
Neurological Aspects of Medical Use of Cannabidiol Mannucci, Carmen; Navarra, Michele; Calapai, Fabrizio ...
CNS & neurological disorders drug targets,
01/2017, Letnik:
16, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Cannabidiol (CBD) is among the major secondary metabolites of Cannabis devoid of the delta-9-tetra-hydrocannabinol psychoactive effects. It is a resorcinol-based compound with a broad spectrum of ...potential therapeutic properties, including neuroprotective effects in numerous pathological conditions. CBD neuroprotection is due to its antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities and the modulation of a large number of brain biological targets (receptors, channels) involved in the development and maintenance of neurodegenerative diseases.
The aim of the present review was to describe the state of art about the pre-clinical research, the potential use and, when existing, the clinical evidence related to CBD in the neurological field.
Collection of all the pre-clinical and clinical findings carried out investigating the effects of CBD alone, not in combination with other substances, in the neurological arena with the exclusion of studies on neuropsychiatric disorders.
Laboratory and clinical studies on the potential role of CBD in Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS), cerebral ischemia, were examined.
Pre-clinical evidence largely shows that CBD can produce beneficial effects in AD, PD and MS patients, but its employment for these disorders needs further confirmation from well designed clinical studies. CBD pre-clinical demonstration of antiepileptic activity is supported by recent clinical studies in human epileptic subjects resistant to standard antiepileptic drugs showing its potential use in children and young adults affected by refractory epilepsy. Evidence for use of CBD in PD is still not supported by sufficient data whereas only a few studies including a small number of patients are available.
The role of strangeness in chiral and U(1)A restoration Gómez Nicola, A.; Ruiz de Elvira, J.; Vioque-Rodríguez, A. ...
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
07/2021, Letnik:
81, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We use recently derived Ward identities and lattice data for the light- and strange-quark condensates to reconstruct the scalar and pseudoscalar susceptibilities (
χ
S
κ
,
χ
P
K
) in the isospin 1/2 ...channel. We show that
χ
S
κ
develops a maximum above the QCD chiral transition, after which it degenerates with
χ
P
K
. We also obtain
χ
S
κ
within Unitarized Chiral Perturbation Theory (UChPT) at finite temperature, when it is saturated with the
K
0
∗
(
700
)
(or
κ
) meson, the dominant lowest-energy state in the isospin 1/2 scalar channel of
π
K
scattering. Such UChPT result reproduces the expected peak structure, revealing the importance of thermal interactions, and makes it possible to examine the
χ
S
κ
dependence on the light- and strange-quark masses. A consistent picture emerges controlled by the
m
l
/
m
s
ratio that allows one studying
K
-
κ
degeneration in the chiral, two-flavor and
SU
(3) limits. These results provide an alternative sign for
O
(
4
)
×
U
(
1
)
A
restoration that can be explored in lattice simulations and highlight the role of strangeness, which regulated by the strange-quark condensate helps to reconcile the current tension among lattice results regarding
U
(
1
)
A
restoration.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is a rapid, non-invasive, cost-efficient biodiversity monitoring tool with enormous potential to inform aquatic conservation and management. Development is ongoing, ...with strong commercial interest, and new uses are continually being discovered. General applications of eDNA and guidelines for best practice in freshwater systems have been established, but habitat-specific assessments are lacking. Ponds are highly diverse, yet understudied systems that could benefit from eDNA monitoring. However, eDNA applications in ponds and methodological constraints specific to these environments remain unaddressed. Following a stakeholder workshop in 2017, researchers combined knowledge and expertise to review these applications and challenges that must be addressed for the future and consistency of eDNA monitoring in ponds. The greatest challenges for pond eDNA surveys are representative sampling, eDNA capture, and potential PCR inhibition. We provide recommendations for sampling, eDNA capture, inhibition testing, and laboratory practice, which should aid new and ongoing eDNA projects in ponds. If implemented, these recommendations will contribute towards an eventual broad standardisation of eDNA research and practice, with room to tailor workflows for optimal analysis and different applications. Such standardisation will provide more robust, comparable, and ecologically meaningful data to enable effective conservation and management of pond biodiversity.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of diseases of the respiratory tract in young children and babies, being mainly associated with bronchiolitis. RSV infection occurs primarily in ...pulmonary epithelial cells and, once infection is established, an immune response is triggered and neutrophils are recruited. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying NET production induced by RSV. We show that RSV induced the classical ROS-dependent NETosis in human neutrophils and that RSV was trapped in DNA lattices coated with NE and MPO. NETosis induction by RSV was dependent on signaling by PI3K/AKT, ERK and p38 MAPK and required histone citrullination by PAD-4. In addition, RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL were essential to RSV-induced NETosis. MLKL was also necessary to neutrophil necrosis triggered by the virus, likely promoting membrane-disrupting pores, leading to neutrophil lysis and NET extrusion. Finally, we found that RSV infection of alveolar epithelial cells or lung fibroblasts triggers NET-DNA release by neutrophils, indicating that neutrophils can identify RSV-infected cells and respond to them by releasing NETs. The identification of the mechanisms responsible to mediate RSV-induced NETosis may prove valuable to the design of new therapeutic approaches to treat the inflammatory consequences of RSV bronchiolitis in young children.
Abstract Registered dietitians (RDs) have a defined and unique role in care for patients with diabetes that differs depending on whether the service is for medical nutrition therapy (MNT) or part of ...a diabetes self-management training (DSMT) program (DSMT and diabetes self-management education DSME are used interchangeably in this article). The purpose of this article is to describe the current regulatory and practice framework that supports nutrition care under Medicare Part B for people with diabetes. A description of MNT and DSMT provided under Medicare Part B is included. The role of RDs and other health care professionals involved as program instructors in DSMT programs is also addressed. Revisions to the National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education are discussed to clarify RDs' involvement in DSME programs.
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